‘We have art in order that we may not perish from truth’ : The universe of discourse in Auden’s ‘Musée des Beaux Arts’

2014 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Universe ◽  
Universe Of Discourse

Are “All-and-Some” Statements Falsifiable After All?: The Example of Utility Theory

1986 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Mongin
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Utility Theory ◽  
Logical Form ◽  
Empirical Science ◽  
Demarcation Criterion ◽  
Existential Sentences ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Universe Of Discourse

Popper's well-known demarcation criterion has often been understood to distinguish statements of empirical science according to their logical form. Implicit in this interpretation of Popper's philosophy is the belief that when the universe of discourse of the empirical scientist is infinite, empirical universal sentences are falsifiable but not verifiable, whereas the converse holds for existential sentences. A remarkable elaboration of this belief is to be found in Watkins's early work (1957, 1958) on the statements he calls “all-and-some,” such as: “For every metal there is a melting point.” All-and-some statements (hereafter AS) are both universally and existentially quantified in that order. Watkins argued that AS should be regarded as both nonfalsifiable and nonverifiable, for they partake in the logical fate of both universal and existential statements. This claim is subject to the proviso that the bound variables are “uncircumscribed” (in Watkins's words); i.e., that the universe of discourse is infinite.

Relationship between Selic rate and Basel III parameters - A statistics approach and a fuzzy forecasting model

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Thiago Henrique Barbosa de Carvalho Tavares ◽  
Bruno Pérez Ferreira ◽  
Eduardo Mazoni Andrade Marçal Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Data Distribution ◽  
Forecasting Model ◽  
Basel Iii ◽  
Output Data ◽  
Basel Accords ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Universe Of Discourse

In this work the relationship between the Selic rate and some bank parameters defined by the so-called Basel Accords is studied. The cross-correlation between the Selic rate and the parameters is used to explain how these parameters affect the Selic rate and vice-versa so as to define the predictability of the Selic rate using (some of) these parameters as inputs. A model is then proposed for predicting the Selic rate based on some specific parameters using fuzzy logic ideas, which dealt with a partitioning of the universe of discourse using clusters related to the output data distribution. The proposed model is compared to four other known models in the literature and showed to have better performance in average compared to all other models.

scholarly journals Time Series Seasonal Analysis Based on Fuzzy Transforms

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinando Di Martino ◽  
Salvatore Sessa
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Seasonal Forecasting ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
Fuzzy Transform ◽  
Italian Region ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Forecasting Method ◽  
Seasonal Analysis ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Universe Of Discourse

We define a new seasonal forecasting method based on fuzzy transforms. We use the best interpolating polynomial for extracting the trend of the time series and generate the inverse fuzzy transform on each seasonal subset of the universe of discourse for predicting the value of a an assigned output. Like first example, we use the daily weather dataset of the municipality of Naples (Italy) starting from data collected from 2003 till to 2015 making predictions on the following outputs: mean temperature, max temperature and min temperature, all considered daily. Like second example, we use the daily mean temperature measured at the weather station “Chiavari Caperana” in the Liguria Italian Region. We compare the results with our method, the average seasonal variation, ARIMA and the usual fuzzy transforms concluding that the best results are obtained under our approach in both examples.

scholarly journals Keadilan Hukum Jeremy Bentham dan Relevansinya bagi Praktik Hukum Kontemporer

Humaniora ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Frederikus Fios
Keyword(s):  
Global Politics ◽  
Jeremy Bentham ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Core Idea ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Universe Of Discourse ◽  
British Philosopher ◽  
The Ideal

Fair punishment for a condemned has been long debated in the universe of discourse of law and global politics. The debate on the philosophical level was no less lively. Many schools of thought philosophy question, investigate, reflect and assess systematically the ideal model for the subject just punishment in violation of the law. One of the interesting and urgent legal thought Jeremy Bentham, a British philosopher renowned trying to provide a solution in the middle of the debate was the doctrine or theory of utilitarianism. The core idea is that the fair punishment should be a concern for happiness of a condemned itself, and not just for revenge. Bentham thought has relevance in several dimensions such as dimensions of humanism, moral and utility.  

Restrictionism and Expansionism

2019 ◽  
pp. 87-119
Author(s):  
J. P. Studd
Keyword(s):  
Domain Restriction ◽  
Absolute Generality ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Quantifier Domain Restriction ◽  
Universe Of Discourse

If her view is to diffuse charges of mystical censorship, the relativist needs a well-motivated account of what prevents our quantifying over an absolutely comprehensive domain. But relativists may seek to meet this challenge in different ways. One option is to draw on more familiar cases of quantifier domain restriction in order to motivate the thesis that a quantifier’s domain is always subject to restriction. An alternative is to permit unrestricted quantifiers but maintain that even these fail to attain absolute generality on the grounds that the universe of discourse is always open to expansion. This chapter outlines restrictionist and expansionist variants of relativism and argues that the importance of the distinction comes out in two influential objections that have been levelled against relativism.

scholarly journals Mathematical Models of the Simplest Fuzzy Two-Term (PI/PD) Controllers Using Algebraic Product Inference

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murali Bosukonda ◽  
Naresh Kelothu
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Output Variable ◽  
Control Rules ◽  
Variable Control ◽  
Control Community ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Control Output ◽  
Universe Of Discourse

This paper reveals mathematical models of the simplest Mamdani PI/PD controllers which employ two fuzzy sets (N: negative and P: positive) on the universe of discourse (UoD) of each of two input variables (displacement and velocity) and three fuzzy sets (N: negative, Z: zero, and P: positive) on the UoD of output variable (control output in the case of PD, and incremental control output in the case of PI). The basic constituents of these models are algebraic product/minimum AND, bounded sum/algebraic sum/maximum OR, algebraic product inference, three linear fuzzy control rules, and Center of Sums (CoS) defuzzification. Properties of all these models are investigated. It is shown that all these controllers are different nonlinear PI/PD controllers with their proportional and derivative gains changing with the inputs. The proposed models are significant and useful to control community as they are completely new and qualitatively different from those reported in the literature.

ReOrient or Not: That IS the Question

Itinerario ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Andre Gunder Frank
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Good Effort ◽  
Knock Down ◽  
Science Professor ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Universe Of Discourse ◽  
Straw Men

Peer Vries asks ‘Should we really ReORIENT?’ He never really tells us but instead like my political science professor fifty years ago answers ‘yes and no, with certain reservations’. Fortunately for me, he certainly does not say no with no reservations, but rather yes with some reservations — ‘again I think Frank has truth on his side’. I accept with thanks. Vries does, however, give a careful reading and quite accurate summary rendering of the argument in the book. I wish I could have done as well myself. Then he sets out his legitimate reservations about the same within the universe of discourse that the book sets out, which he also accepts. Unlike so many reviewers, he does not discuss a book that was not written and/or set up only straw men to knock down. For all that, the author and our readers can only be very thankful to Vries, and it behooves the author also to take his critiques and reservations seriously, that is to attempt to use them constructively. Unfortunately in his good effort to be critical, Vries also makes several factually wrong attributions to me, some of which bear correction.

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