Cloud-based Hardware-in-the-Loop testing of building automation controllers

This paper aims to fill the gap in knowledge about building control testing, thus encouraging control evaluation, to ultimately improve energy efficiency in building operation. A hardware controller and its digital twin are tested in real-time in a separate platform in the cloud, and the results are analyzed to determine what insights can tests on virtual controllers give about the behaviors of their real-life hardware counter-parts. Key performance indicators (KPIs) from literature are used to evaluate the control. It is shown that although the controllers differ in their control output time-series, their overall performance profile along the entire simulation run follows a similar pattern (KPI percent error varies between 3% and 8%). This implies that virtual controller testing can be a good indicator of hardware controller behavior.

Variable fractional order sliding mode control for seismic vibration suppression of building structure

Constant fractional order vibration control strategy has been one of research hotspots in recent decades. However, the variable fractional order control method is seldom concerned up to now. In this article, a novel variable fractional order sliding mode control (VOSMC) method is proposed to suppress the responses of building structure caused by seismic excitations, including El Centro, Hachinohe, Northridge, and Kobe earthquakes. Based on the proposed variable fractional order sliding mode surface, the control law of VOSMC is presented. The global asymptotic stability of the control system is analyzed and proved by utilizing variable fractional order Lyapunov stability theorem. Besides, the corresponding constant fractional order sliding mode control (COSMC) method is also given. The control effects of VOSMC and COSMC methods are discussed by four performance indices. Finally, the utilizability and reasonability of the proposed control method is verified by using two examples (include two-story and five-story shear buildings). Compared with the COSMC method, the proposed variable fractional order controller not only has a lesser control output, but also has a higher utilization of the output, which is conducive to energy saving.

Algorithim to control output voltage and reduce the ripple of input current in quasi switched boost inverter

In recent years, the quasi -switched boost inverter uses widely in electrical systems. This paper proposes a method to control the AC output voltage and reduce the current ripple of the booster inductor in the quasi-switched boost inverter (QSBI). The proposed technique base on carrier pulse width modulation with two triangles with phase shifts 90◦. This technique uses the offset function to expand the modulation index and the algorithm for output voltage stabilization based on the adjustment of the boost ratio. The modulation index expansion will reduce the stress voltage on the switches by an average of 16.5% under the simulated conditions. The boost factor base on the short circuit time on the DC / DC booster and the inverter on the zero vectors. So, the duty ratio (of the boost DC / DC) can reduce by the short-circuit pulses that insert in the position of zero vectors, so the inverter is responsible for both boosting and inverting. The combination helps to reduce the current ripple on the boost inductor. Besides that, reducing the short-circuit ratio of DC / DC booster will also reduce the capacity of the booster switch and thereby reduce the production cost. The analysis clarifies the proposed technique. Simulations and experiments evaluate the proposed method.

Smart guided missile using accelerometer and gyroscope based on backpropagation neural network method for optimal control output feedback

As a maritime country with a large area, besides the need to defend itself with the military, it also needs to protect itself with aerospace technology that can be controlled automatically. This research aims to develop an air defense system that can control guided missiles automatically with high accuracy. The right method can provide a high level of accuracy in controlling missiles to the targeted object. With the backpropagation neural network method for optimal control output feedback, it can process information data from the radar to control missile’s movement with a high degree of accuracy. The controller uses optimal control output feedback, which is equipped with a lock system and utilizes an accelerometer that can detect the slope of the missile and a gyroscope that can detect the slope between the target direction of the missile to follow the target, control the position, and direction of the missile. The target speed of movement can be easily identified and followed by the missile through the lock system. Sampling data comes from signals generated by radars located in defense areas and from missiles. Each part’s data processing speed is calculated using a fast algorithm that is reliable and has a level of accuracy and fast processing. Data processing impacts on the accuracy of missile movements on any change in the position and motion of targets and target speed. Improved maneuvering accuracy in the first training system can detect 1000 files with a load of 273, while in the last training, the system can detect 1000 files without a load period. So the missile can be guided to hit the target without obstacles when maneuvering.

Analisis dan Perancangan Software Pemetaan Struktur Organisasi dengan Model Proses Bisnis Menggunakan Kemiripan Makna Kata

Struktur organisasi menetapkan bagaimana tugas pekerjaan dibagi, dikelompokkan, dan dikoordinasikan secara formal. Model proses bisnis merupakan representasi dari fungsi-fungsi yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan bisnis seperti input, control, output dan source. Pada hakikatnya sebuah organisasi dan model proses bisnis yang ada memiliki keterkaitan didalamnya, salah satunya dengan memetakan kemiripan makna katanya. Untuk mendapatkan kemiripan makna kata penelitian disini menggunakan podok pesantren sebagai studi kasus untuk mendapatkan kemiripan makna kata yang diharapkan, kemudian menghitung persamaan makna kata melalui job description pondok pesantren tersebut menggunakan perhitungan sentence similarity. Perhitungan sentence similarity bertujuan untuk menghitung nilai kemiripan secara keseluruhan dalam bentuk kalimat menjadi suatu kemiripan secara utuh. Perhitungan word similarity dihitung menggunakan Word Similarity for Java (WS4J) dengan pendekatan PATH dan TF-IDF. Dalam Penelitian ini, Pengaruh sentence similarity dalam job description kegiatan pendaftaran mahasantri yang dibandingkan hampir mirip, meskipun pada beberapa job description masih mempunyai nilai yang beda jauh untuk kemiripannya. Sehingga dihasilkannya kemiripan makna kata yang benar dari struktur organisasi berupa tupoksi yang ada dengan model proses bisnis yg dijalankan didalamnya.

A transformed proportional-integral-derivative controller for a multi-vectored propeller aerostat with independent actuator magnitude and rate saturations

The problem of designing a controller for a multi-vectored propeller airship with independent amplitude and rate saturations is addressed. First, a linear Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller is introduced for position control without considering the input saturations. Then, two design methods are applied to the traditional PID control output to satisfy the independent amplitude and rate constraints: the nested saturated PID controller (N-PID) and the transformed PID controller (T-PID). The bounded magnitudes and rate outputs of the modified controllers are given. Simulation results showed both controllers have good tracking performance while satisfying independent amplitude and rate saturations. However, the transformed PID controller has the advantage of expressing explicitly the relationship of the actuator magnitude and rate saturations with the parameters of the transformed function such that the actuator saturations are suppressed by calculation but not by trial and error.

Sistem Kendali Pengisian Jus Otomatis Menggunakan Sensor Infrared Dan Waterflow Berbasis PLC

The need for automatic beverage vendors is quite high in public places and crowds, which will be more efficient and efficient than the beverage vendors who are human-friendly. This paper discusses the design of an automatic beverage vendor based on a programmable logic controller (PLC). The PLC used for this study is the production of Outseal, which has an Outseal Studio simulation program with a ladder diagram control. This automatic beverage vendor consists of input, process, and output. The primary input of this system is an infrared sensor, and a flow meter sensor to detect the cup's presence and how much juice poured to the cup. The DC motor and pump are the control output. A simulation program demonstrates the effectiveness of this automatic beverage supplier with the Outseal studio.