The Breeding Season : Courtship, Display and Pair Formation

The Lapwing ◽  
2014 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Pair Formation ◽  
Courtship Display

scholarly journals Mate and Territory Retention in Yellow-Eyed Penguins

The Condor ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 703-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin N. Setiawan ◽  
Melanie Massaro ◽  
John T. Darby ◽  
Lloyd S. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Good Predictor ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Pair Formation ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Fledging Success ◽  
Breeding Attempt ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
One Year

AbstractUsing nest and banding data collected from 1991 to 2002, we investigated mate and territory retention rates of Yellow-eyed Penguins (Megadyptes antipodes), and the effects of reproductive success. Annual mate retention rate was 63%, and territory retention for males and females were 52% and 46% respectively. The majority of pair dissolutions were due to death of a partner, with only 6% of bonds ending in separation. Previous reproductive success was a good predictor of mate or territory retention as pairs that failed to fledge a single chick were significantly more likely to separate or move their territories than those that were successful at fledging chicks. Reproductive success of birds that changed their mates or moved territories was not higher than those that retained their mates or territories. However, birds that moved territories were less likely to have reduced fledging success relative to their previous breeding attempt. Birds that did not retain their mates, particularly males, were significantly more likely to skip breeding for at least one year. This suggests that the costs of mate or territory changes are not accrued at the end of the breeding attempt (as reflected by the number of fledged chicks), but are associated with the costs of pair formation and establishment of territories at the beginning of the breeding season.Retención de Parejas y Territorios en Pingüinos Megadyptes antipodesResumen. Investigamos las tasas de retención de parejas y de territorios por parte de pingüinos Megadyptes antipodes y el efecto del éxito reproductivo sobre estas tasas con base en datos de nidificación y anillamiento recolectados entre 1991 y 2002. La tasa anual de retención de parejas fue del 63% y las de retención de territorios del 52% y 46% para machos y hembras, respectivamente. La mayoría de las disoluciones de parejas se debieron a la muerte de una de las aves y sólo el 6% de las parejas terminaron separándose. El éxito reproductivo previo predijo acertadamente la retención de compañeros y de territorios, ya que las parejas que no lograron emplumar ningún pichón tuvieron una probablilidad de disolverse o de cambiar de territorio significativamente mayor que las que criaron exitosamente. El éxito reproductivo de las aves que cambiaron de pareja o de territorio no fue mayor que el de aquellas que no lo hicieron. Sin embargo, los individuos que cambiaron de territorio fueron más propensos a presentar un éxito de emplumamiento reducido con respecto a su intento reproductivo previo. Las aves que no retuvieron sus parejas, particularmente los machos, presentaron una probabilidad mayor de no reproducirse durante al menos un año. Esto sugiere que los costos que implica cambiar de pareja o de territorio no se hacen evidentes al final del intento reproductivo (como lo indica el número de volantones producidos), sino que están asociados con los costos de la formación de parejas y el establecimiento de territorios al comienzo de la época reproductiva.

The White-throated Rail Dryolimnas cuvieri on Aldabra

1971 ◽  
Vol 260 (836) ◽  
pp. 529-548 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Pair Formation ◽  
Military Development ◽  
Very High

The White-throated Rail of Aldabra, Dryolimnas cuvieri aldabranus , is the last surviving flightless bird in the western Indian Ocean. Their numbers are estimated very approximately as at least 1000 birds, mostly found on Middle Island but also on Polymnie, He aux Cedres, Michel, and many of the small islets off the lagoon shore of Middle Island. The adults have no serious predators in their present range, but were probably exterminated from South and West Islands by cats. Rails apparently thrive in areas with quite high populations of rats. They are omnivorous, though preferentially insectivorous and occasionally scavenging. They often feed by following tortoises, taking invertebrates from the disturbed litter. The range of calls is wide, and those recognized are listed with their suggested functions. Pair formation was not seen, and evidently takes place well before September. The pairs remain intact at least until February, when the chicks are nearly full grown. Monogamy is the rule although one exception to this is described. Display is described, particularly the aggressive defence of the nest. Two clutches were found, of three and four eggs. The development of the chicks is described; they are nidifugous, and are fed by their parents at least while still in down. It is suggested that some young at least may stay with their parents until the start of the next breeding season. The mortality of young birds is probably very high. Masses, measurements, and moult of trapped birds are given, and criteria given for separating the sexes. Sightings of marked birds indicated that while most birds are sedentary and territorial during the breeding season, some are transient and may move as far as 1 1/2 km. Conservation is discussed, with particular reference to the postponed military development. Although the species apparently thrives in its present range, it is so restricted as to give rise to grave concern for its future.

Timing of pair formation and male acquisition of alternate plumage by three wintering dabbling ducks

2021 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Rodger Titman ◽  
Elise Titman ◽  
Shawn Craik
Keyword(s):  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Pair Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dabbling Ducks ◽  
Courtship Display ◽  
Anas Crecca ◽  
Breeding Plumage

Pair formation in ducks is thought to be influenced by the acquisition of breeding plumage, the occurrence of courtship display, or both. We examined the frequency of pair formation in Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), Green-winged Teal (Anas crecca carolinensis), and Northern Shoveler (Spatula clypeata) in the central valley of California in relation to the frequencies of male attainment of breeding plumage and courtship display. Predictions related to two hypotheses are: (1) the timing of pair formation is directly related to the attainment of breeding (definitive alternate) plumage by males, and (2) frequencies of courtship display are highest during pair formation. Most female Mallard were paired by the end of October, with >80% in pairs by early December. Of Northern Shoveler, 90% were paired by early January and 90% of female Green-winged Teal were paired by early February. The highest rates of courtship display by Mallard were observed during October through November, by Northern Shoveler in November, and by Green-winged Teal in November through January. Courtship display was, therefore, relatively frequent at the same time as pair formation for all three species. Northern Shoveler spent less time in courtship display than the other two species. Most (90%) male Mallard had acquired alternate plumage by mid-November, Northern Shoveler by early February, and Green-winged Teal by mid-December. Thus, timing of pair formation coincided with timing of attainment of breeding plumage in Mallard and Green-winged Teal but not Northern Shoveler.

The Breeding Season of Captive Barbary Doves, Streptopelia risoria, at Helena Valley, Western Australia

1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJJF Davies
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Pair Formation ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Streptopelia Risoria

The breeding season of captive barbary doves was studied near Perth, W.A., between 1966 and 1971. It was found that the birds ceased breeding in May and began again in late July. The interval from pair formation to egg-laying was long early in the breeding season, shortest in early summer, and very long in autumn.

scholarly journals Season-specific carry-over of early-life associations in a monogamous bird species

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf H.J.M. Kurvers ◽  
Lea Prox ◽  
Damien R. Farine ◽  
Coretta Jongeling ◽  
Lysanne Snijders
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Pair Formation ◽  
Life History Stage ◽  
Monogamous Species ◽  
The Social ◽  
Carry Over

AbstractSocial relationships can have important fitness consequences. Although there is increasing evidence that social relationships carry over across contexts, few studies have investigated whether relationships formed early in life are carried over to adulthood. For example, juveniles of monogamous species go through a major life-history stage transition—pair formation—during which the pair bond becomes a central unit of the social organization. At present, it remains unclear if pair members retain their early-life relationships after pair formation. We investigated whether same-sex associations formed early in life carry over into adulthood and whether carry-over was dependent on season, in a monogamous species. Moreover, we investigated the role of familiarity, genetic relatedness and aggression on the perseverance of social associations. We studied the social structure before and after pair formation in captive barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis), a highly social, long-lived, monogamous species. We constructed association networks of groups of geese before pair formation, during the subsequent breeding season, and in the following wintering season. Next, we studied how these associations carried over during seasonal changes. We found that early-life associations in females were lost during the breeding season, but resurfaced during the subsequent wintering season. In males, the early-life associations persisted across both seasons. Association persistence was not mediated by genetic relatedness or familiarity. The high level of aggressiveness of males, but not females, in the breeding season suggests that males may have played a key role in shaping both their own social environment and that of their partners. We show that early-life social relationships can be maintained well into later life. Such relationships can be sustained even if they are temporarily disrupted, for example due to reproductive behaviour. Our findings therefore highlight that the early-life social environment can have life-long consequences on individuals’ social environment.

Observation on the breeding biology of Polypedates teraiensis (Dubois, 1987) (Amphibia: Rhacophoridae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Jacinta Lalchhanhimi ◽  
Lalremsanga H.T.
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Breeding Biology ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Advertisement Calls ◽  
Males And Females

The breeding biology of tree frog, Polypedates teraiensis was studied during the breeding season at Mizoram University Campus. It was found that sound production by male during the breeding season was primarily a reproductive function and advertisement calls attract females to the breeding areas and announce other males that a given territory is occupied. The aim of this study was to provide the detailed information on the breeding behaviour and the advertisement calls of Polypedates teraiensis. The morphometric measurements of the amplecting pairs (males and females) for sexual dimorphism along with clutch sizes were also studied.

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