Intelligence and conquest in nineteenth-century French North Africa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
North Africa

The Dupont family: collectors, dealers and naturalists in nineteenth-century Paris

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Mearns ◽  
Laurent Chevrier ◽  
Christophe Gouraud
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Family History ◽  
Natural History ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Anatomical Models ◽  
The Family ◽  
Small Collection

In the early part of the nineteenth century the Dupont brothers ran separate natural history businesses in Paris. Relatively little is known about their early life but an investigation into the family history at Bayeux corrects Léonard Dupont's year of birth from 1795 to 1796. In 1818 Léonard joined Joseph Ritchie's expedition to North Africa to assist in collecting and preparing the discoveries but he did not get beyond Tripoli. After 15 months he came back to Paris with a small collection from Libya and Provence, and returned to Provence in 1821. While operating as a dealer-naturalist in Paris he published Traité de taxidermie (1823, 1827), developed a special interest in foreign birds and became well known for his anatomical models in coloured wax. Henry Dupont sold a range of natural history material and with his particular passion for beetles formed one of the finest collections in Europe; his best known publication is Monographie des Trachydérides (1836–1840). Because the brothers had overlapping interests and were rarely referred to by their forenames there has been confusion between them and the various eponyms that commemorate them. Although probably true, it would be an over-simplification to state that birds of this era named for Dupont refer to Léonard Dupont, insects to Henry Dupont, and molluscs to their mother.

scholarly journals EMPIRE AND TRANS-IMPERIAL SUBJECTS IN THE NINETEENTH-CENTURY MUSLIM MEDITERRANEAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 958-979
Author(s):  
GAVIN MURRAY-MILLER
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Cultural Transfers

AbstractDuring the nineteenth century, the Muslim Mediterranean became a locus of competing imperial projects led by the Ottomans and European powers. This article examines how the migration of people and ideas across North Africa and Asia complicated processes of imperial consolidation and exposed the ways in which North Africa, Europe, and Asia were connected through trans-imperial influences that often undermined the jurisdictional sovereignty of imperial states. It demonstrates that cross-border migrations and cultural transfers both frustrated and abetted imperial projects while allowing for the imagining of new types of solidarities that transcended national and imperial categorizations. In analysing these factors, this article argues for a rethinking of the metropole–periphery relationship by highlighting the important role print and trans-imperial networks played in shaping the Mediterranean region.

The Matter of Sectarianism

2017 ◽  
pp. 143-161
Author(s):  
Max Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle East ◽  
South Asia ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Southeastern Europe ◽  
Religious Difference ◽  
Dialectical Relationship ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Other World

This chapter provides an introduction to the problem of sectarianism in the modern Middle East. Although the focus is on the Eastern Mediterranean from the mid-nineteenth century through the present, scholars of North Africa, southeastern Europe, South Asia, and many other world-historical contexts face similar conceptual challenges in accounting for manifestations of not only sectarian but also ethnic and religious difference. Rather than accepting primordialist conceptions of sectarian phenomena, and without reducing the sectarian to instances of violence, this chapter argues that that there is a dialectical relationship between the matter of sectarianism in the modern Middle East and the scholarly research questions and journalistic lines of inquiry that contribute to its definition and, in many instances, its spread.

Saintly Descent and Worldly Affairs in Mid-Nineteenth Century Mascara, Algeria

1980 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Christelow
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Western World ◽  
North African ◽  
Social Type ◽  
African Setting

The region of Mascara, Algeria in the mid-nineteenth century is an attractive terrain for one seeking to combine anthropology and history in a North African setting. It was from this milieu that the 'amīr ‘Abd al-Qādir had emerged to lead resistance to the French in the 1830s and’ 40s. And the region abounded in that quintessentially Maghribin social type best known to the Western world as “marabouts,” but known in local parlance as 'awlād sayyid. These were the descendants of walīs, saintly men whose mortal remains are sheltered by the qubbas, or small, white-washed domed shrines one sees throughout North Africa. The two subjects are closely linked, for the 'amīr himself came from a prominent 'awlād sayyid family, as did many of his most important followers.

scholarly journals Splitting Definitives: The Separation of the Definite Article in Medieval and Pre-Modern Written Judeo-Arabic

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-45
Author(s):  
Magdalen M. Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Definite Article ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Jewish Refugees ◽  
Independent Entity ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
Arabic Speaking ◽  
Modern Era

Abstract This article explores the reasons behind the orthographic practice of representing the definite article in written Judeo-Arabic as an independent entity, a phenomenon which became widespread in Jewish Arabic-speaking communities in the pre-modern era. Commencing with its representation in fifteenth to nineteenth-century Egyptian Judeo-Arabic manuscripts, the orthographic feature is traced back to Judeo-Arabic texts produced in medieval al-Andalus, Sicily, and the Maġrib, and from there, to post-1492 CE Sephardī Jewish refugees, who settled in North Africa and Egypt. The phenomenon is revealed to be the result of a two-stage process: (i) direct language contact between Romance and Judeo-Arabic; and (ii) the influence of Judeo-Spanish writing on Judeo-Arabic spelling practices in diaspora communities after their expulsion from the Spanish Kingdoms.

Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 541-554
Author(s):  
Adriaan C. Neele
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Vested Interest ◽  
European Expansion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Missionary Societies

Jonathan Edwards’s attention to Africa cannot go unnoticed, as articulated in his A History of the Work of Redemption. Less attention, however, has been given to the reception of Edwards’s works in Africa. This absence in Edwardsean research is remarkable, as many of his works have been reprinted, translated, and published from the eighteenth century onwards, particularly by those who had a vested interest in missionary movements and societies labouring throughout Africa. In fact, the reception of Edwards’s thought in Africa is primarily through the work of nineteenth-century missionaries and missionary societies—willing or unwilling participants of the colonial European expansion in Africa. Several of his works translated into Arabic, Dutch, English, French, and German found their way from Cairo to Cape Town. This chapter, then, is a preliminary overview from North Africa to Southern Africa of the distribution, use, and appropriation of some of Edwards’s works throughout the continent.

Sovereignty, Governance, and Political Community in the Ottoman Empire and North Africa

2018 ◽  
pp. 127-152
Author(s):  
James McDougall
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Political Community ◽  
Popular Politics ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Cultures ◽  
Late Eighteenth

Early modern Ottoman and European political cultures had more in common than is conventionally admitted. It was the dissolution of their shared world that produced accounts of the rise of democracy as an exclusively European story. In fact, through the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the pattern of commonalities and differences remained complex, as contests over sovereignty, representation, popular movements, and forms of rule played out in uneven, changing, but still entangled worlds. Baki Tezcan’s model of a relatively participatory early modern empire provides a suggestive framework for understanding developments through the early nineteenth century. The fraying of authority and diverse reform attempts after 1780 prompted struggles over more and less accountable ways of ‘reviving’ the empire, and produced new forms of popular politics. Though in the 1860s Young Ottomans began to develop a vision of an Ottoman ‘democratic’ future, ultimately, from the 1880s, a top-down, dirigiste approach triumphed.

Messiah, American Style: Mordecai Manuel Noah and the American Refuge

AJS Review ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Weingrad
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
North Africa ◽  
York City ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Figure ◽  
American Style

For more than a century, his story has regularly exercised historical and literary imaginations alike. How could it be otherwise? Diplomat, playwright, journalist, politician, and visionary, Mordecai Manuel Noah (1785–1851) was an extraordinary individual. In the course of his life, he wrote and produced successful plays, fought a duel, established himself as a popular newspaper columnist, rescued enslaved American sailors during his tenure as U.S. consul in Tunis, published an important book on his travels in Europe and North Africa, influenced presidential elections through his editorship of major newspapers, and served as judge and port surveyor of New York City. He was easily the most prominent and influential Jew in the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century. Moreover, he has been described as the first public figure “to demand continuous recognition as both a devoted American and as a devoted Jew.”

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document