Genetic Regulation Of Growth, Maturation, And Performance

Growth and performance of 72 young ram lambs were evaluated for susceptibility to exposure to three different photoperiods. Lambs were penned in groups of two and exposed to either short (8L:16D), long (16L:8D), or split (7L:9D:1L:7D) photoperiods. Lambs exposed to 16L:8D and 7L:9D:1L:7D photoperiods ate more feed (P less than 0.01), gained weight more rapidly (P less than 0.01), and required less feed per unit gain (P less than 0.01) than did lambs exposed to the 8L:16D photoperiod. Final weight and carcass weight were increased (P less than 0.01) as a result of exposure to 16L:8D and 7L:9D:1L:7D photoperiods; however, carcass attributes were not affected. Lambs exposed to the 7L:9D:1L:7D photoperiod had elevated prolactin concentrations that generally paralleled the prolactin profiles of lambs exposed to the 16L:8D photoperiod; however, concentrations of luteinizing hormone and testosterone were not affected by photoperiod. Lambs exhibited a daily feed-intake rhythm that was closely associated with daily photoperiod. These rhythms could account in part for the increased feed intake and performance of lambs exposed to 16L:8D and 7L:9D:1L:7D photoperiods. From these results, we conclude that 1) light is an important Zeitgeber for the regulation of feed intake, prolactin secretion, and growth rate in young lambs, and 2) a photosensitive phase exists for these functions during the light-dark cycle in sheep.

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Transcriptomic profile of semitendinosus muscle of bulls of different breed and performance

Journal of Applied Genetics ◽

10.1007/s13353-020-00577-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 581-592

Author(s):

Anna Ciecierska ◽

Tomasz Motyl ◽

Tomasz Sadkowski

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Protein Metabolism ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Semitendinosus Muscle ◽

Beef Breed ◽

Holstein Friesian ◽

And Performance ◽

Microarray Analyses ◽

Regulation Of Growth ◽

Dairy Breed

Abstract The aim of the study was to compare the transcriptomic profiles of fully differentiated skeletal muscle derived from bulls belonging to different breeds of varying performance. Microarray analyses were performed to determine the differences in the expression profiles of genes between semitendinosus muscles of 15-month-old beef-breed bulls (Limousin—LIM and Hereford—HER) and dairy-breed bulls (Holstein Friesian—HF). These analyses allowed for the identification of those genes the expression of which is similar and characteristic of fully differentiated muscle in beef breeds, but differs in skeletal muscle of a typical dairy breed. The analysis revealed 463 transcripts showing similar expression in the semitendinosus muscle of beef breeds (LIM/HER), in comparison with the dairy breed (HF). Among the identified genes, 227 were upregulated and 236 were downregulated in beef breeds. The ontological analyses revealed that the largest group of genes similarly expressed in LIM and HER was involved in the processes of protein metabolism and development of muscle organ. In beef breeds, some genes involved in protein synthesis and proteolysis showed an upregulation, including ctsd, ctsf, fhl2, fhl3, fst, sirt1, and trim63, whereas some were downregulated, including bmpr1a, bmpr2, mstn, smad2, hspa8, gsk3β, and tgfβ2. The expression of the chosen genes was confirmed by RT-qPCR technique. Thus, it can be assumed that the identified genes involved in the regulation of growth and development of muscle tissue and the processes of protein metabolism in the examined cattle breeds may be responsible for the greater gain of muscle mass in beef-breed bulls.

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Genetic regulation of growth and nutrient content under phosphorus deficiency in the wild barley introgression library S42IL

Plant Breeding ◽

10.1111/pbr.12540 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 136 (6) ◽

pp. 892-907 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Behnaz Soleimani ◽

Ralf Sammler ◽

Andreas Backhaus ◽

Heidrun Beschow ◽

Erika Schumann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wild Barley ◽

Phosphorus Deficiency ◽

Genetic Regulation ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

In The Wild ◽

Regulation Of Growth ◽

Introgression Library

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Genetic regulation of growth control: Role of cyclic AMP and cell cytoskeleton

Somatic Cell and Molecular Genetics ◽

10.1007/bf01534947 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 451-457 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Theodore T. Puck

Keyword(s):

Cyclic Amp ◽

Genetic Regulation ◽

Growth Control ◽

Cell Cytoskeleton ◽

Regulation Of Growth

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Transmission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Analysis with the Siemens ELMISKOP 101

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100095509 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 450-451

Author(s):

H. M. Thieringer

Keyword(s):

Objective Lens ◽

Transmission Microscopy ◽

Image Recording ◽

Mode Of Operation ◽

Scanning Transmission ◽

Electron Microscopes ◽

And Performance ◽

Convergent Beam ◽

Ray Path ◽

Beam Diffraction

It has repeatedly been show that with conventional electron microscopes very fine electron probes can be produced, therefore allowing various micro-techniques such as micro recording, X-ray microanalysis and convergent beam diffraction. In this paper the function and performance of an SIEMENS ELMISKOP 101 used as a scanning transmission microscope (STEM) is described. This mode of operation has some advantages over the conventional transmission microscopy (CTEM) especially for the observation of thick specimen, in spite of somewhat longer image recording times.Fig.1 shows schematically the ray path and the additional electronics of an ELMISKOP 101 working as a STEM. With a point-cathode, and using condensor I and the objective lens as a demagnifying system, an electron probe with a half-width ob about 25 Å and a typical current of 5.10-11 amp at 100 kV can be obtained in the back focal plane of the objective lens.

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Angular Resolved Electron Spectroscopy with Parallel Recording

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100135459 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 370-371

Author(s):

Huang Min ◽

P.S. Flora ◽

C.J. Harland ◽

J.A. Venables

Keyword(s):

Electron Spectroscopy ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Solid Angle ◽

Detection System ◽

Voltage Electron ◽

Cylindrical Mirror ◽

Inner Radius ◽

Channel Plate ◽

And Performance ◽

Type Detector

A cylindrical mirror analyser (CMA) has been built with a parallel recording detection system. It is being used for angular resolved electron spectroscopy (ARES) within a SEM. The CMA has been optimised for imaging applications; the inner cylinder contains a magnetically focused and scanned, 30kV, SEM electron-optical column. The CMA has a large inner radius (50.8mm) and a large collection solid angle (Ω > 1sterad). An energy resolution (ΔE/E) of 1-2% has been achieved. The design and performance of the combination SEM/CMA instrument has been described previously and the CMA and detector system has been used for low voltage electron spectroscopy. Here we discuss the use of the CMA for ARES and present some preliminary results.The CMA has been designed for an axis-to-ring focus and uses an annular type detector. This detector consists of a channel-plate/YAG/mirror assembly which is optically coupled to either a photomultiplier for spectroscopy or a TV camera for parallel detection.

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Novel epoxy/anhydride alternatives for biological electron microscopy: Physical and performance characteristis of embed 812 and LX 112 in combination with NSA/NMA/DMAE

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100156985 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 1000-1001

Author(s):

Joe A. Mascorro ◽

Gerald S. Kirby

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Succinic Anhydride ◽

Volume Flow Rate ◽

Mass Density ◽

Uranyl Acetate ◽

Volume Flow ◽

Base Resin ◽

And Performance ◽

Acid Anhydrides

Embedding media based upon an epoxy resin of choice and the acid anhydrides dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA), nadic methyl anhydride (NMA), and catalyzed by the tertiary amine 2,4,6-Tri(dimethylaminomethyl) phenol (DMP-30) are widely used in biological electron microscopy. These media possess a viscosity character that can impair tissue infiltration, particularly if original Epon 812 is utilized as the base resin. Other resins that are considerably less viscous than Epon 812 now are available as replacements. Likewise, nonenyl succinic anhydride (NSA) and dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) are more fluid than their counterparts DDSA and DMP- 30 commonly used in earlier formulations. This work utilizes novel epoxy and anhydride combinations in order to produce embedding media with desirable flow rate and viscosity parameters that, in turn, would allow the medium to optimally infiltrate tissues. Specifically, embeding media based on EmBed 812 or LX 112 with NSA (in place of DDSA) and DMAE (replacing DMP-30), with NMA remaining constant, are formulated and offered as alternatives for routine biological work.Individual epoxy resins (Table I) or complete embedding media (Tables II-III) were tested for flow rate and viscosity. The novel media were further examined for their ability to infilftrate tissues, polymerize, sectioning and staining character, as well as strength and stability to the electron beam and column vacuum. For physical comparisons, a volume (9 ml) of either resin or media was aspirated into a capillary viscocimeter oriented vertically. The material was then allowed to flow out freely under the influence of gravity and the flow time necessary for the volume to exit was recored (Col B,C; Tables). In addition, the volume flow rate (ml flowing/second; Col D, Tables) was measured. Viscosity (n) could then be determined by using the Hagen-Poiseville relation for laminar flow, n = c.p/Q, where c = a geometric constant from an instrument calibration with water, p = mass density, and Q = volume flow rate. Mass weight and density of the materials were determined as well (Col F,G; Tables). Infiltration schedules utilized were short (1/2 hr 1:1, 3 hrs full resin), intermediate (1/2 hr 1:1, 6 hrs full resin) , or long (1/2 hr 1:1, 6 hrs full resin) in total time. Polymerization schedules ranging from 15 hrs (overnight) through 24, 36, or 48 hrs were tested. Sections demonstrating gold interference colors were collected on unsupported 200- 300 mesh grids and stained sequentially with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

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