Genetic regulation of growth and nutrient content under phosphorus deficiency in the wild barley introgression library S42IL

SummaryPermanent pastures were successfully established with mixtures of bulks of crosses of Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare with ssp.spontaneum (given the name Mia Milia) and with mixtures of natural crosses involving H. vulgare ssp. agriocrithon (given the name Akhera).These crosses were made to exploit the brittle rachis gene of wild barley in order to develop self-reseeding pasture barley. No re-seeding of the pasture was necessary but a light cultivation to cover the seed in the first year of sowing improved plant establishment. No cultivation was necessary in the following years. Genotypes with a tough rachis were rapidly eliminated from the Milia pastures (F2 bulks) because of their poor seed dispersal. Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer increased dry matter yield. Levels of seed dormancy in the wild barley were adequate to provide a safeguard against extreme dry weather conditions and other natural hazards. Forage quality was very high, with a crude protein content of 18% and digestible organic matter of 80% in harvested dry matter. Permanent barley pastures that exploit the brittle-rachis gene of indigenous genetic material have considerable potential for increasing the animal-carrying capacity of permanent pastures and marginal cropped lands.

Download Full-text

MUTANT GENES REGULATING THE INDUCIBILITY OF KYNURENINE SYNTHESIS

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.21.2.203 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 203-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

T. M. Rizki

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Genetic Regulation ◽

Suppressor Gene ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Cellular Level ◽

The Body ◽

In The Wild ◽

A Cell ◽

Normal Feeding ◽

S Allele

Alterations in the cellular synthesis of kynurenine in the larval fatbody of Drosophila melanogaster may be obtained by feeding the precursor tryptophan or by changing the genotype. In the wild type Ore-R strain, autofluorescent kynurenine globules normally occur in the cells in the anterior regions of the fatbody designated as regions 1, 2, and 3. When tryptophan is included in the larval diet, kynurenine will develop throughout the entire fatbody, thus extending to the cells in regions 4, 5, and 6. In the fatbodies of both the sepia mutant strain and the mutant combinations of the suppressible vermilion alleles with the suppressor gene (su2-s, v1 and su2-s, v2), kynurenine is found in the cells from region 1 through region 4. This involvement of additional cells in the synthesis of kynurenine occurs under the usual culture conditions for Drosophila. When sepia larvae are fed tryptophan, kynurenine appears in all of the cells of the fatbody. However, dietary tryptophan does not induce kynurenine production in cells in regions 5 and 6 in the mutant combination su2-s, v1 or su2-s, v2. In the latter strains, an increase in the quantity of kynurenine in the fatbody is detected, but this increase remains limited to the same cells in which kynurenine production is found under normal feeding conditions. When the v36f allele is combined with the su2-s allele, an extremely faint autofluorescence characteristic of kynurenine is found in some of the anteriormost fat cells of regions 1 and 2. This autofluorescence becomes intensified when tryptophan is fed to su2-s, v36f larvae. The genetic control of kynurenine synthesis in the cells of the fatbody of Drosophila melanogaster has been previously demonstrated. The present observations establish genetic regulation of the ability to induce kynurenine production within a cell through the administration of the inducer tryptophan. Kynurenine production has been considered as a unit function of the cell as a whole rather than of the enzyme alone, and it has been concluded that even though cells in different parts of the body perform this same function (kynurenine production), the gene loci regulating this function may be different for cells in different regions of the body. A phenomenon of overlapping domains of gene actions at the cellular level offers a genetic and cellular basis for developmental and physiological homeostasis.

Download Full-text

PUCHI Regulates Giant Cell Morphology During Root-Knot Nematode Infection in Arabidopsis thaliana

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.755610 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Reira Suzuki ◽

Mizuki Yamada ◽

Takumi Higaki ◽

Mitsuhiro Aida ◽

Minoru Kubo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Genetic Regulation ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Giant Cells ◽

Loss Of Function ◽

Wild Type ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

In The Wild

Parasitic root-knot nematodes transform the host’s vascular cells into permanent feeding giant cells (GCs) to withdraw nutrients from the host plants. GCs are multinucleated metabolically active cells with distinctive cell wall structures; however, the genetic regulation of GC formation is largely unknown. In this study, the functions of the Arabidopsis thaliana transcription factor PUCHI during GC development were investigated. PUCHI expression was shown to be induced in early developing galls, suggesting the importance of the PUCHI gene in gall formation. Despite the puchi mutant not differing significantly from the wild type in nematode invasion and reproduction rates, puchi GC cell walls appeared to be thicker and lobate when compared to the wild type, while the cell membrane sometimes formed invaginations. In three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of puchi GCs, they appeared to be more irregularly shaped than those in the wild type, with noticeable cell-surface protrusions and folds. Interestingly, the loss-of-function mutant of 3-KETOACYL-COA SYNTHASE 1 showed GC morphology and cell wall defects similar to those of the puchi mutant, suggesting that PUCHI may regulate GC development via very long chain fatty acid synthesis.

Download Full-text

Some Nutrient Deficiency Symptoms Displayed by Dracaena deremensis 'Warneckii' under Greenhouse Conditions and Their Subsequent Effects on Leaf Nutrient Content

The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico ◽

10.46429/jaupr.v61i4.10409 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 456-464

Author(s):

Saulo J. Rodríguez ◽

Héctor R. Cibes ◽

Jaime González-Ibañez

Keyword(s):

Phosphorus Deficiency ◽

Nutrient Deficiency ◽

Culture Method ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Solution Culture ◽

Deficiency Symptoms ◽

Mature Leaves ◽

White Band ◽

Young Leaves ◽

Necrotic Spots

Thirty well-rooted cuttings of Dracaena deremensis 'Warneckii' Engler, were grown in 3-gal porcelain crocks using a solution culture method, with differential treatments consisting of solutions deficient in either N, P, K, Mg, Ca, S, Fe, Mn or B. An extra set of plants received a complete nutrient solution for comparison. By the end of the experiment, characteristic deficiency symptoms of only N, P, Ca, and Fe developed as follows: A lack of N induced a reduction in top growth and a pale green foliage. Younger leaves tended to be long and narrow with wavy margins. They also developed black spots along the typical white band near the margin. The root system of such plants was abundant and fibrous. New suckers were weak and few. Phosphorus deficiency was characterized by a rosettelike arrangement of the younger leaves. Necrotic spots like the ones developed under N deficiency were also present. These eventually broke down giving the leaves a ragged appearance. Margin serration occurred in the younger leaves, specially in the basal portions. On the other hand, the mature leaves developed numerous rustlike pustules. New shoots were deep green in color and few in number. Growth of plants lacking Ca was drastically reduced. Young, as well as recently mature leaves, were affected by severe marginal serration. As the deficiency became more acute, numerous brown spots appeared along the margins of older leaves. As they increased in size, they progressed either toward the tips or the mid rib, finally involving the whole lamina. Rustlike pustules similar to those exhibited by the minus-P plants also were present in some of the oldest leaves of plants lacking Ca. New shoots looked weak with blackish leaflets Fe-deficient plants manifested a severe chlorosis, which appeared early in the young leaves. Some of the chlorotic leaves developed necrotic spots along the basal portion. As they increased in size the whole leaf was invaded. The concentration of the particular missing element in the leaf tissues was lower in plants grown with the element withheld than in the controls.

Download Full-text

Kajian Perilaku Dan Analisis Kandungan Gizi Pakan Drop In Beruang Madu (Helarctos Malayanus) Di Taman Agro Satwa Dan Wisata Bumi Kedaton

Jurnal Sylva Lestari ◽

10.23960/jsl1497-106 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 97

Author(s):

Indri Firdilasari ◽

Sugeng P. Harianto ◽

Yusuf Widodo

Keyword(s):

Feeding Behavior ◽

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Male And Female ◽

Nutrient Contents ◽

Land Clearing ◽

Helarctos Malayanus ◽

Daily Behavior ◽

In The Wild

Honey bear population in the wild is currently declined due to land clearing and poaching. The effort that is be made to prevent the extinction of honey bears is through ex situ conservation, as practiced by Taman Agro Satwa dan Wisata Bumi Kedaton in Bandar Lampung. The behavior and nutrient content of drop in feed are affect of succesfully honey bear ex-situ conservation in TASWBK. The aim of this research are to analyze the daily behaviour , the kind of drop in feed, valatability of feed and find out the value of nutrient content in drop in feed in the captive. This research has done on mei, 2015. The research metode of daily behaviour used focas, the kind of drop in feed used descriptive analyze. Nutrient content of drop in feed use proximat analyzed and methode of approach the composition of material food indonesia. And supported by interview and literatur study. The locomotion behaviour of male and female honey bear has the highest proportion, there are 55,35% and 51,06%. The lowest percentage of male and female honey bear behavior there are feeding behavior (16,79% and 12,13%). The kind of drop in feed thats given by TASWBK there are papaya, tubers and muli banana. The biggest number of consumption drop in feed that is papaya (6.120 gr/day) for male honey bear and (3.930 gr/day) for female honey bear. The highest of feed nutrient contents per day, there are water and content ash from papaya amounted to 5.306,04 grams, 36,72 grams and 30,6 grams, fiber and fat from muli banana of 12,85 grams and 7,35 grams. Keywords : honey bear, daily behavior, nutrient content of drop in feed in Taman Agro Satwa dan Wisata Bumi Kedaton

Download Full-text

Genetic Regulation Of Growth, Maturation, And Performance

Growth, Maturation, and Physical Activity ◽

10.5040/9781492596837.ch-018 ◽

2004 ◽

Keyword(s):

Genetic Regulation ◽

And Performance ◽

Regulation Of Growth

Download Full-text