scholarly journals Energy, Efficiency Gains and Economic Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (253) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Bogmans ◽  
Lama Kiyasseh ◽  
Akito Matsumoto ◽  
Andrea Pescatori
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
High Income ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Efficiency Gains ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Low Levels

Not anytime soon. Using a novel dataset covering 127 countries and spanning two centuries, we find evidence for an energy Kuznets curve, with an initial decline of energy demand at low levels of per capita income followed by stages of acceleration and then saturation at high-income levels. Historical trends in energy efficiency have reduced energy demand, globally, by about 1.2 percent per year and have, thus, helped bring forward a plateau in energy demand for high income countries. At middle incomes energy and income move in lockstep. The decline in the manufacturing share of value added, globally, accounted for about 0.2 percentage points of the energy efficiency gains. At the country level, the decline (rise) of the manufacturing sector has reduced (increased) US (China) energy demand by 4.1 (10.7) percent between 1990 and 2017.

The Implementation of Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) in Spain

2019 ◽  
pp. 364-386
Author(s):  
Elisa Peñalvo-López ◽  
Javier Cárcel-Carrasco ◽  
Manuel Valcuende-Paya ◽  
María Carmen Carnero-Moya
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Sector ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Demand Reduction ◽  
New Buildings ◽  
Zero Energy Buildings

The construction segment is an important economic sector in Europe, representing 9% of European gross domestic product (GDP) and providing approximately 18 million direct jobs. Construction activities that include renovation work and energy retrofits add almost twice as much value as the construction of new buildings, and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) contribute more than 70% of the value added in the EU building sector. Furthermore, European legislation obliges member states to establish minimum energy efficiency requirements for buildings to achieve optimum levels of costs versus energy demand reduction. These requirements are reviewed every five years and represent categories of buildings based on their energy levels (demand and generation). This chapter analyzes the legislation associated to nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB) in Spain in order to identify the factors that will leverage their massive implementation.

The Implementation of Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) in Spain

2021 ◽  
pp. 1558-1580
Author(s):  
Elisa Peñalvo-López ◽  
Javier Cárcel-Carrasco ◽  
Manuel Valcuende-Paya ◽  
María Carmen Carnero-Moya
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Sector ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Demand Reduction ◽  
New Buildings ◽  
Zero Energy Buildings

The construction segment is an important economic sector in Europe, representing 9% of European gross domestic product (GDP) and providing approximately 18 million direct jobs. Construction activities that include renovation work and energy retrofits add almost twice as much value as the construction of new buildings, and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) contribute more than 70% of the value added in the EU building sector. Furthermore, European legislation obliges member states to establish minimum energy efficiency requirements for buildings to achieve optimum levels of costs versus energy demand reduction. These requirements are reviewed every five years and represent categories of buildings based on their energy levels (demand and generation). This chapter analyzes the legislation associated to nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB) in Spain in order to identify the factors that will leverage their massive implementation.

scholarly journals Energy Efficiency: The Manufacturing Sector in Indonesia

JEJAK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-217
Author(s):  
Bayu Hariyanto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Empirical Finding ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Pulp Paper ◽  
Industry Standards

Indonesia is involved in the global effort to alleviate the deterioration of the environment due to climate change. Given that the manufacturing industry accounts for the second-highest share of national energy consumption, efficiency energy in the industrial sector is crucial. This research examines which industrial subsector has to be prioritized to improve energy efficiency and what are the determinant factors that influence energy efficiency in Indonesia manufacturing. This study analyzes energy intensity as an approach to measure energy efficiency. Focusing on the 2010 - 2015 period, this research employs two methods, namely input-output and panel data regression analysis. The empirical finding shows that textiles and textile products; pulp, paper, paper products, printing, and publishing; and rubber and plastics sectors are the first priority subsectors that must implement green industry standards. The next priority is the subsectors at the second level but have no green industrial standards, namely electrical and optical equipment. Furthermore, there were four variables that statistically increase energy intensity, namely lagged energy intensity, technology intensity, lagged value added, and location of plant. However, other two variables, the price of electricity and company size, can reduce energy intensity.

scholarly journals Energy-related financial literacy and bounded rationality in appliance replacement attitudes: evidence from Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Filippini ◽  
Nilkanth Kumar ◽  
Suchita Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Lifetime Costs ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Efficiency Gap

AbstractAs countries develop, they are likely to face challenges in meeting growing energy demand and in ensuring energy security. Given this, and the problem of climate change, improving demand-side energy efficiency is pivotal to ensuring sustainable development. However, agents often underinvest in energy-efficient technologies due to behavioral failures such as low levels of energy-related financial literacy, defined as the combination of energy knowledge and cognitive abilities needed to evaluate the lifetime costs of durables. Using novel data, we analyze the levels and determinants of energy-related financial literacy of households in urban areas in the eastern lowlands of Nepal, and whether it is correlated with their attitudes towards replacement of energy-inefficient appliances. We find that respondents have low levels of energy-related financial literacy, and higher levels of literacy are associated with more rational attitudes towards appliance replacement. The findings of this study are relevant to addressing the energy-efficiency gap in developing countries.

The Least Energy Demand Method as Metric to Describe the Relative Energy Efficiency of a Product Based on its Manufacturing

2015 ◽  
Vol 805 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Sven Kreitlein ◽  
Isabel Kupfer ◽  
Michael Scholz ◽  
Jörg Franke
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Relative Energy ◽  
Minimal Energy ◽  
Independent Basis ◽  
Calculation System ◽  
Least Energy

This paper presents a calculation system for evaluating the energy efficiency of a product regarding its production. In order to evaluate the energy efficiency of the manufacturing of a product value-adding processes as well as auxiliary processes are taken into account. Furthermore, the energy consumption of the periphery, in total is included. Since the total value-added chain of a product usually is not located at only one company, the energy efficiency of the manufacturing of the bought-in parts must also be included. In a last step, the plant specific energy efficiency at the product level based on all plants that produce the observed product can be determined. The basic target is a comparability of the energy efficiency across products by derivation of significant KPI’s. The basis to derive possible saving potentials is he relative energy efficiency (REE), which is the quotient of the minimal energy demand and actually measured consumption. For this, it is required that the actually measured energy consumption is based on an independent basis of comparison. This is assured by the stepped least energy demand method, for a product, based on the process-related perspective level of the bottom-up approach.

scholarly journals Impact of Passive Energy Efficiency Measures on Cooling Energy Demand in an Architectural Campus Building in Karachi, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7251
Author(s):  
Mushk Bughio ◽  
Muhammad Shoaib Khan ◽  
Waqas Ahmed Mahar ◽  
Thorsten Schuetze
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Energy Efficiency Measures ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cooling Energy Demand ◽  
Campus Building

Electric appliances for cooling and lighting are responsible for most of the increase in electricity consumption in Karachi, Pakistan. This study aims to investigate the impact of passive energy efficiency measures (PEEMs) on the potential reduction of indoor temperature and cooling energy demand of an architectural campus building (ACB) in Karachi, Pakistan. PEEMs focus on the building envelope’s design and construction, which is a key factor of influence on a building’s cooling energy demand. The existing architectural campus building was modeled using the building information modeling (BIM) software Autodesk Revit. Data related to the electricity consumption for cooling, building masses, occupancy conditions, utility bills, energy use intensity, as well as space types, were collected and analyzed to develop a virtual ACB model. The utility bill data were used to calibrate the DesignBuilder and EnergyPlus base case models of the existing ACB. The cooling energy demand was compared with different alternative building envelope compositions applied as PEEMs in the renovation of the existing exemplary ACB. Finally, cooling energy demand reduction potentials and the related potential electricity demand savings were determined. The quantification of the cooling energy demand facilitates the definition of the building’s electricity consumption benchmarks for cooling with specific technologies.

scholarly journals Control Strategies for Daylight and Artificial Lighting in Office Buildings—A Bibliometrically Assisted Review

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3852
Author(s):  
Daniel Plörer ◽  
Sascha Hammes ◽  
Martin Hauer ◽  
Vincent van Karsbergen ◽  
Rainer Pfluger
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Future Trend ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Integral Control ◽  
Artificial Lighting

A significant proportion of the total energy consumption in office buildings is attributable to lighting. Enhancements in energy efficiency are currently achieved through strategies to reduce artificial lighting by intelligent daylight utilization. Control strategies in the field of daylighting and artificial lighting are mostly rule-based and focus either on comfort aspects or energy objectives. This paper aims to provide an overview of published scientific literature on enhanced control strategies, in which new control approaches are critically analysed regarding the fulfilment of energy efficiency targets and comfort criteria simultaneously. For this purpose, subject-specific review articles from the period between 2015 and 2020 and their research sources from as far back as 1978 are analysed. Results show clearly that building controls increasingly need to address multiple trades to achieve a maximum improvement in user comfort and energy efficiency. User acceptance can be highlighted as a decisive factor in achieving targeted system efficiencies, which are highly determined by the ability of active user interaction in the automatic control system. The future trend is moving towards decentralized control concepts including appropriate occupancy detection and space zoning. Simulation-based controls and learning systems are identified as appropriate methods that can play a decisive role in reducing building energy demand through integral control concepts.

scholarly journals Experimental Data and Simulations of Performance and Thermal Comfort in a Typical Mediterranean House

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3311
Author(s):  
Víctor Pérez-Andreu ◽  
Carolina Aparicio-Fernández ◽  
José-Luis Vivancos ◽  
Javier Cárcel-Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Dwelling House ◽  
Account Standard

The number of buildings renovated following the introduction of European energy-efficiency policy represents a small number of buildings in Spain. So, the main Spanish building stock needs an urgent energy renovation. Using passive strategies is essential, and thermal characterization and predictive tests of the energy-efficiency improvements achieving acceptable levels of comfort for their users are urgently necessary. This study analyzes the energy performance and thermal comfort of the users in a typical Mediterranean dwelling house. A transient simulation has been used to acquire the scope of Spanish standards for its energy rehabilitation, taking into account standard comfort conditions. The work is based on thermal monitoring of the building and a numerical validated model developed in TRNSYS. Energy demands for different models have been calculated considering different passive constructive measures combined with real wind site conditions and the behavior of users related to natural ventilation. This methodology has given us the necessary information to decide the best solution in relation to energy demand and facility of implementation. The thermal comfort for different models is not directly related to energy demand and has allowed checking when and where the measures need to be done.

scholarly journals Women’s Economic Empowerment in Vietnam: Performance and Constraints of Female-Led Manufacturing SMEs

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
MinhTam Bui ◽  
Trinh Q. Long
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medium Enterprises

This paper identifies whether there was a performance difference among micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) led by men and by women in Vietnam during the period 2005–2013 and aims to provide explanations for the differences, if any, in various performance indicators. The paper adopts a quantitative approach using a firm-level panel dataset in the manufacturing sector in 10 provinces/cities in Vietnam in five waves from 2005 to 2013. Fixed effect models are estimated to examine the influence of firm variables and demographic, human capital characteristics of owners/managers on firms’ value added, labor productivity and employment creation. We found that men led MSMEs did not outperform those led by women on average. Although the average value added was lower for female-led firms in the informal sector, the opposite was true in the formal sector where women tend to lead medium-size firms with higher value added and labor productivity. The performance disparity was more envisaged across levels of formality and less clear from a gender perspective. Moreover, while firms owned by businessmen seemed to create more jobs, firms owned by women had a higher share of female employees. No significant difference in business constraints faced by women and by men was found.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document