The Least Energy Demand Method as Metric to Describe the Relative Energy Efficiency of a Product Based on its Manufacturing

2015 ◽  
Vol 805 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Sven Kreitlein ◽  
Isabel Kupfer ◽  
Michael Scholz ◽  
Jörg Franke
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Relative Energy ◽  
Minimal Energy ◽  
Independent Basis ◽  
Calculation System ◽  
Least Energy

This paper presents a calculation system for evaluating the energy efficiency of a product regarding its production. In order to evaluate the energy efficiency of the manufacturing of a product value-adding processes as well as auxiliary processes are taken into account. Furthermore, the energy consumption of the periphery, in total is included. Since the total value-added chain of a product usually is not located at only one company, the energy efficiency of the manufacturing of the bought-in parts must also be included. In a last step, the plant specific energy efficiency at the product level based on all plants that produce the observed product can be determined. The basic target is a comparability of the energy efficiency across products by derivation of significant KPI’s. The basis to derive possible saving potentials is he relative energy efficiency (REE), which is the quotient of the minimal energy demand and actually measured consumption. For this, it is required that the actually measured energy consumption is based on an independent basis of comparison. This is assured by the stepped least energy demand method, for a product, based on the process-related perspective level of the bottom-up approach.

The Relative Energy Efficiency as Standard for Evaluating the Energy Efficiency of Production Processes Based on the Least Energy Demand

2015 ◽  
Vol 805 ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Kreitlein ◽  
Isabel Kupfer ◽  
Matthias Mühlbauer ◽  
Jörg Franke
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Relative Energy ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Independent Basis ◽  
Calculation System ◽  
Least Energy

This paper presents a calculation system to evaluate the energy efficiency in the production in general and at the process level more specifically. Its focus lies on the evaluation of the efficiency of the use of electric energy in the manufacturing industry. The basic target is a comparability of the energy efficiency across products through derivation of significant key figures. The basis of a significant evaluation and overarching comparability of the energy efficiency as well as the basis of the derivation of possible saving potentials is the relative energy efficiency (REE). It is determined by the quotient of minimal energy demand and actually measured consumption and requires that the actually measured energy consumption refers to an independent basis of comparison. The step-by-step development of the calculation system is based on the detailed analysis of all influential factors of the energy consumption. The, in this context, developed Least Energy Demand Method enables the determination of energy minima with different bases of comparison as reference values to evaluate the energy efficiency of single parts production.

The Least Energy Demand Method as Metric to Evaluate Different Production Levels Based on the Relative Energy Efficiency

2015 ◽  
Vol 805 ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Kreitlein ◽  
Isabel Kupfer ◽  
Markus Brandmeier ◽  
Jörg Franke
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Relative Energy ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Independent Basis ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Calculation System ◽  
Definition Of

This paper presents a calculation system for evaluating the energy efficiency at machine, plant, location, company, and sector level based on the process specific minimum energy demand. The goal is a comparability of the energy efficiency across machines, plants, locations, companies, and sectors through definition of significant key figures. The basis of the derivation of possible saving potentials is the relative energy efficiency (REE). [7] It is determined by the quotient of minimal energy demand and actually measured consumption and requires that the actually measured energy consumption refers to an independent basis of comparison. The step-by-step development of the calculation system, structured in levels, is based on the detailed analysis of all the influential factors of the energy consumption with the help of cause and effect diagrams to calculate the minimally necessary energy demands for the manufacturing process. Furthermore, the described bottom-up approach delivers, ensuing from the process oriented level of perspective, the step-by-step conception of the calculation method. The REE of a level of perspective is calculated on the basis of the REE value of the previous production level as well as according weighting factors. On the basis of the calculation, as well as subsequent measurements within the company, optimization potentials [10] can be clearly described and can lead back to their roots. These optimization potentials are based on exemplary trials presented for a chosen manufacturing chain of the electronics production area.

Evaluation and Assessment of Additive Manufacturing Processes Based on the Least Energy Demand in Application for Sustainable Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 871 ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
Sven Kreitlein ◽  
Viktor Gerter ◽  
Nikolaus Urban ◽  
Jörg Franke
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Relative Energy ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Least Energy

This paper presents the Least Energy Demand as an independent reference value for evaluating energy efficiency of additive manufacturing (AM) processes. Nowadays an essential challenge is represented by a proper evaluation and calculation of the energy efficiency of production processes. The reason for this is the lack of appropriate reference values. A comprehensive comparison of the energy efficiency is not possible without consistent reference values. However, this comparison serves as a first step towards the goal in order to reveal the actual energy savings potential of additive manufacturing procedures and to take actions on this basis. Therefore, the first step is to define the general concept, which is used for the calculation of the Least Energy Demand. Moreover, the unit operation-specific Least Energy Demand EGM is introduced based on unit operations. In conclusion, the importance of EGM as a reference value for evaluating the energy efficiency of production processes, defined in DIN 8580, is explained. Within the scope of an application of the illustrated concept the Least Energy Demand and the Relative Energy Efficiency (REE) are calculated using the example of a selective laser melting process.

scholarly journals Batch Reverse Osmosis Desalination Modeling under a Time-Dependent Pressure Profile

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Abdeljalil Chougradi ◽  
François Zaviska ◽  
Ahmed Abed ◽  
Jérôme Harmand ◽  
Jamal-Eddine Jellal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Pressure Profile ◽  
Recovery Ratio ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Energetic Performance ◽  
Feed Volume

As world demand for clean water increases, reverse osmosis (RO) desalination has emerged as an attractive solution. Continuous RO is the most used desalination technology today. However, a new generation of configurations, working in unsteady-state feed concentration and pressure, have gained more attention recently, including the batch RO process. Our work presents a mathematical modeling for batch RO that offers the possibility of monitoring all variables of the process, including specific energy consumption, as a function of time and the recovery ratio. Validation is achieved by comparison with data from the experimental set-up and an existing model in the literature. Energetic comparison with continuous RO processes confirms that batch RO can be more energy efficient than can continuous RO, especially at a higher recovery ratio. It used, at recovery, 31% less energy for seawater and 19% less energy for brackish water. Modeling also proves that the batch RO process does not have to function under constant flux to deliver good energetic performance. In fact, under a linear pressure profile, batch RO can still deliver better energetic performance than can a continuous configuration. The parameters analysis shows that salinity, pump and energy recovery devices efficiencies are directly linked to the energy demand. While increasing feed volume has a limited effect after a certain volume due to dilution, it also shows, interestingly, a recovery ratio interval in which feed volume does not affect specific energy consumption.

Energieverbrauchssimulation von Werkzeugmaschinen*/Process-specific energy simulation of machine tools

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (03) ◽  
pp. 163-168
Author(s):  
S. Braun ◽  
P. Schraml ◽  
E. Prof. Abele
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Machine Tools ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Energy Simulation ◽  
Prediction System ◽  
Critical Quality Attributes ◽  
Milling Operations ◽  
Nc Program ◽  
Modern Machine

Energie- und Ressourceneffizienz beschreiben Qualitätsmerkmale, die auch für moderne Werkzeugmaschinen gelten. Der Energieverbrauch von Maschinen bis zu gesamten Fertigungsstandorten muss im Verhältnis zur erzielten Wertschöpfung deutlich gesenkt werden, um wettbewerbsfähig zu bleiben und unserer Verantwortung gegenüber der Umwelt zu entsprechen. Der Fachbeitrag präsentiert anhand eines Fräsprozesses ein modellgestütztes Simulations- und Prognosesystem des Energieverbrauchs von kompletten Bearbeitungsoperationen auf einer Werkzeugmaschine als Basis energetischer Optimierungen. Teil 1 des Fachaufsatzes ist erschienen in der wt-Ausgabe 1/2-2016 auf den Seiten 60 bis 64.   Resource efficiency and energy consumption are critical quality attributes of modern machine tools. The energy consumption of machine tools, plants and facilities must be significantly reduced relative to the value added in order to stay competitive and fulfil our responsibility towards the environment. This article presents a model-based simulation and prediction system of the expected energy consumption of machine tools executing a given process NC-program as a basis for energetic optimization measures. It is exemplified by milling operations.

scholarly journals Towards A Sustainable Green Design for Next-Generation Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isiaka Ajewale Alimi ◽  
Romilkumar K. Patel ◽  
Akeem O. Mufutau ◽  
Nelson J. Muga ◽  
Armando N. Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Green Communications ◽  
Resource Allocation Algorithm ◽  
Allocation Algorithm

Abstract The evolution in the Information and Communications Technologies industry results in excessive energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission in the wireless networks. In this context, energy efficiency in mobile networks has been attracting considerable attention as green communications and operational expenditures reduction depend on it. Although the Internet of Things is to be supported by devices that are low-energy consuming, the power consumption of the huge number to be connected for several applications and services demand significant attention. To offer insights into green communications, this paper reviews various energy efficiency improvement techniques. Also, we consider a hybrid model in which the main grid power and dynamically harvested green energy from renewable energy sources can be leveraged to support the energy demand of the radio access network. In this regard, we reformulate the energy consumption model and consider an energy-efficient power allocation algorithm for green energy optimization. Numerical results show that with resource allocation algorithm exploitation, the energy efficiency can be enhanced. Besides, the amount of the grid energy consumption can be considerably minimized, resulting in the greenhouse gas emissions reduction in the wireless networks.

scholarly journals The methodical issues of industrial energy monitoring systems implementation

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
V. Nakhodov ◽  
O. Borychenko ◽  
A. Cherniavskyi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Management System ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Energy Management System ◽  
Energy Monitoring

Statistics show that energy is one of the highest operating costs in a manufacturing enterprise. So, improving energy efficiency can lead to a significant increase in profits and reduce the impact of the enterprise on the environment. To increase the performance of energy efficiency activities, it is necessary to implement an energy management system. One of the components of this system is energy monitoring, which, in turn, is based on the periodic collection and analysis of data to assess the state of the monitoring objects in terms of energy efficiency. In this paper, the role and place of energy monitoring in the energy management system of an industrial enterprise are noted. The paper proposes the concept of creating energy monitoring system in industrial companies, which is based on the combination of a monitoring system based on specific energy consumption, and usage of group energy characteristics of production facilities. Implementing such energy monitoring systems will allow to conduct operational control of energy efficiency of production facilities by creating individual systems for monitoring energy efficiency, as well as successfully carry out such monitoring at the enterprise and its subdivisions over longer periods of time using specific energy consumption indicators. It also provides general guidelines for conducting energy monitoring. These guidelines were formed based on the results of studying various methods and scientific publications in the field of energy monitoring, as well as on the basis of practical experience in the development and implementation of energy management systems. Particular attention is paid to the issues of processing and analysis of information about the objects of energy monitoring of industrial enterprises. The practical application of the concept of creating energy monitoring systems envisages gradual improvement of the existing monitoring system based on the specific energy consumption, which will be further completely replaced with individual energy efficiency monitoring systems.

Exergy and Energy Analysis, Drying Kinetics and Mathematical Modeling of White Mulberry Drying Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosain Darvishi ◽  
Mohammad Zarein ◽  
Saied Minaei ◽  
Hamid Khafajeh
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Drying Kinetics ◽  
Improvement Potential ◽  
White Mulberry

Abstract The energy and exergy analysis, drying characteristics and mathematical modeling of the thin-layer drying kinetics of white mulberry using microwave drying were investigated. Results indicated that values of exergy efficiency (33.63–57.08%) were higher than energy efficiency (31.85–55.56%). Specific energy consumption increased with increasing microwave power while improvement potential decreased. The specific energy consumption and improvement potential varied from 3.97 to 6.73 MJ/kg water and 0.71 to 2.97 MJ/kg water, respectively. Also, energy efficiency decreased with decrease in moisture content and microwave power level. The best exergy and energy aspect was obtained by drying at 100 W microwave power. Drying took place mainly in warming up, constant rate and falling rate periods. The Page model showed the best fit to experimental drying data. Effective diffusivity increased with decreasing moisture content and increasing microwave power. It varied from 1.06 × 10−8 to 3.45 × 10−8 m2/s, with an energy activation of 3.986 W/g.

The Implementation of Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) in Spain

2019 ◽  
pp. 364-386
Author(s):  
Elisa Peñalvo-López ◽  
Javier Cárcel-Carrasco ◽  
Manuel Valcuende-Paya ◽  
María Carmen Carnero-Moya
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Sector ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Demand Reduction ◽  
New Buildings ◽  
Zero Energy Buildings

The construction segment is an important economic sector in Europe, representing 9% of European gross domestic product (GDP) and providing approximately 18 million direct jobs. Construction activities that include renovation work and energy retrofits add almost twice as much value as the construction of new buildings, and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) contribute more than 70% of the value added in the EU building sector. Furthermore, European legislation obliges member states to establish minimum energy efficiency requirements for buildings to achieve optimum levels of costs versus energy demand reduction. These requirements are reviewed every five years and represent categories of buildings based on their energy levels (demand and generation). This chapter analyzes the legislation associated to nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB) in Spain in order to identify the factors that will leverage their massive implementation.

The Implementation of Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) in Spain

2021 ◽  
pp. 1558-1580
Author(s):  
Elisa Peñalvo-López ◽  
Javier Cárcel-Carrasco ◽  
Manuel Valcuende-Paya ◽  
María Carmen Carnero-Moya
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Sector ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Demand Reduction ◽  
New Buildings ◽  
Zero Energy Buildings

The construction segment is an important economic sector in Europe, representing 9% of European gross domestic product (GDP) and providing approximately 18 million direct jobs. Construction activities that include renovation work and energy retrofits add almost twice as much value as the construction of new buildings, and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) contribute more than 70% of the value added in the EU building sector. Furthermore, European legislation obliges member states to establish minimum energy efficiency requirements for buildings to achieve optimum levels of costs versus energy demand reduction. These requirements are reviewed every five years and represent categories of buildings based on their energy levels (demand and generation). This chapter analyzes the legislation associated to nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB) in Spain in order to identify the factors that will leverage their massive implementation.

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