scholarly journals Mycelium Growth and Biological Efficiency of Ganoderma lucidum on Substrate Supplemented with Different Organic Additives

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-308
Author(s):  
Jolanta Lisiecka ◽  
Jerzy Rogalski ◽  
Krzysztof Sobieralski ◽  
Marek Siwulski ◽  
Sławomir Sokół ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Mycelium Growth

scholarly journals Influence of Agaricus Bisporus Establishment and Fungicidal Treatments on Casing Soil Metataxonomy During Mushroom Cultivation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luisa Tello ◽  
Rebeca Lavega ◽  
Margarita Pérez ◽  
Antonio J. Pérez ◽  
Michael Thon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Mushroom Cultivation ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The cultivation of edible mushroom is an emerging sector with a potential yet to be discovered. Unlike plants, it is a less developed agriculture where many studies are lacking to optimize the cultivation. Mushrooms are a source of resources still to be revealed, which have applications not only in food, but in many other sectors such as health, industry and biotechnology. Mushroom cultivation consists of the development of selective substrates through composting where the mushroom grows via solid fermentation process. In case of Agaricus bisporus, the compost fully colonized by mycelium hardly produces mushrooms and it is necessary to apply a casing layer with certain physical, chemical and biological characteristics to shift from the vegetative mycelium to the reproductive one, where the native microbiota plays crucial roles. Currently, the industry faces a challenge to substitute the actual peat based casing materials due to the limited natural resources and the impact on the peatlands where peat is extracted.In this work we have employed high-throughput techniques by next generation sequencing to screen the microbial structure of casing soil employed in mushroom cultivation while sequencing V3-V4 of the 16S rRNA gene for bacteria and the ITS2 region of rRNA for fungi in an Illumina MiSeq. In addition, the microbiome dynamics and evolution (bacterial and fungal communities) in peat based casing along the process of incubation of Agaricus bisporus have been studied, while comparing the effect of fungicidal treatment (Chlorothalonil and Metrafenone). Statistically significant changes in populations of bacteria and fungi were observed. Microbial composition differed significantly based on incubation day, changing radically from the original communities to a specific microbial composition adapted to enhance the A. bisporus mycelium growth. Chlorothalonil treatment seems to delay casing colonization by A. bisporus. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota appeared as the most dominant bacterial phyla. We observed a great change in the structure of the bacteria populations between day 0 and the following days. Fungi populations changed more gradually, A. bisporus displacing the rest of the species as the cultivation cycle progresses. A better understanding of the microbial communities in the casing will hopefully allow us to increase the biological efficiency during production as well as possibly help us to have a clearer view of the microbial community-pathogen relationships as they are directly related to disease development.

scholarly journals Composted versus Raw Olive Mill Waste as Substrates for the Production of Medicinal Mushrooms: An Assessment of Selected Cultivation and Quality Parameters

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios I. Zervakis ◽  
Georgios Koutrotsios ◽  
Panagiotis Katsaris
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Medicinal Mushrooms ◽  
Olive Mill Waste ◽  
Mill Waste ◽  
Olive Mill

Two-phase olive mill waste (TPOMW, “alperujo”) is a highly biotoxic sludge-like effluent of the olive-oil milling process with a huge seasonal production. One of the treatment approaches that has so far received little attention is the use of TPOMW as substrate for the cultivation of edible mushrooms. Fifteen fungal strains belonging to five species (Basidiomycota), that is,Agrocybe cylindracea,Pleurotus cystidiosus,P. eryngii,P. ostreatus, andP. pulmonarius, were evaluated for their efficacy to colonize media composed of TPOMW, which was used either raw or composted in mixtures with wheat straw in various ratios. Qualified strains exhibited high values of biological efficiency (e.g., 120–135% forPleurotusspp. and 125% forA. cylindracea) and productivity in subsequent cultivation experiments on substrates supplemented with 20–40% composted TPOMW or 20% raw TPOMW. Only when supplementation exceeded 60% for raw TPOMW, a negative impact was noted on mushroom yields which could be attributed to the effluent's toxicity (otherwise alleviated in the respective composted TPOMW medium). Earliness and mushroom size as well as quality parameters such as total phenolic content and antioxidant activity did not demonstrate significant differences versus the control wheat-straw substrate. The substrates hemicellulose content was negatively correlated with mycelium growth rates and yields and positively with earliness; in addition, cellulose: lignin ratio presented a positive correlation with mycelium growth and mushroom weight forA. cylindraceaand with earliness for all species examined. TPOMW-based media revealed a great potential for the substitution of traditional cultivation substrates by valorizing environmentally hazardous agricultural waste.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF KING OYSTER MUSHROOM AGAINST AUGMENTATION OF COTTON WASTE WITH CITRUS PEEL

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Muhammad M. Jahangir ◽  
Muhammad A. Khatana ◽  
Nasir A. Khan ◽  
Ghufrana Samin ◽  
Khurram Ziaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Citrus Peel ◽  
Morphological Attributes ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Cotton Waste ◽  
Growth Initiation ◽  
King Oyster Mushroom

The utilization of agro-industrial waste materials for production of mushrooms has become a crucial research precedence recently. Pleurotus eryngii is considered one of the most famous mushrooms because of nutraceutical and high nutritional value. Therefore, a study was conducted in Medicinal and Mushroom Lab to evaluate the morphological attributes of king oyster mushroom against cotton waste (CW) and citrus peel (CP) based substrates. CW alone and its different combinations with CP i.e. T0: CW (100 %), T1: CW (98%) + CP (2%), T2: CW (96%) + CP (4%), T3: CW (94%) + CP (6%), T4: CW (92%) + CP (8%) and T5: CW (90%) + CP (10%) were used in experiment. The experiment was conducted by applying 2-factor factorial under completely randomized design with 5 replications. Different morphological attributes viz. spawn running and mycelium growth initiation, duration to complete mycelium growth (days), pinhead development, pinheads/bag, duration to complete flushes (1st,2nd, 3rd), mushroom fresh weight, yield/bag and biological efficiency were calculated. Results were analyzed by ANOVA and mean values are equated by LSD test at 5% probability level. Results indicated that spawn running, the growth of mycelium, duration to complete flushes, pinhead development and duration, yield and biological efficiency all were significantly influenced by treatment T2 (CW 96% + CP 4%) as compared to control. Overall results revealed that combinations of citrus peel and cotton waste can be utilized as a promising substrate for king oyster mushroom production.

scholarly journals Growing experiments with a medicinal mushroom Agaricus blazei (MURRILL)

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Geösel ◽  
J. Győrfi
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Lentinula Edodes ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Medicinal Mushroom ◽  
Agaricus Blazei ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Mushroom Compost ◽  
The Past

The demand of natural and medicinal products has been increased for the past years. These products are often made from herbal and medicinal plants, and recently the mushroom products are much called. Nearby some well known species (like Lentinula edodes or Ganoderma lucidum) some not respected biomedicines are available in Hungary. Agaricus blazei (Murrill) is a Basidiomycota fungus, with almond-like taste and nice texture. This medicinal mushroom proved to be useful in cancer therapy and against some bacterial and viral diseases. In our experiment we tested 8 Agaricus blazei strains on fermented mushroom compost. The yields, average mushroom size, productivity and biological efficiency of the species were measured. Our data demonstrate that it is possible to get fruit bodies less than 2 months, and strain "837", "2603" and "MaHe" are suggested for further experiments. These strains gave the highest yield and efficiency in the cultivation.

scholarly journals Effect of common foods as supplements for the mycelium growth of Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus ostreatus on solid substrates

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0260170
Author(s):  
Eugene Soh ◽  
Nazanin Saeidi ◽  
Alireza Javadian ◽  
Dirk E. Hebel ◽  
Hortense Le Ferrand
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Food Supplements ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Substrate Composition ◽  
Solid Substrates ◽  
The Many ◽  
Growth Of Fungi

The transition from a linear to a circular economy is urgently needed to mitigate environmental impacts and loss of biodiversity. Among the many potential solutions, the development of entirely natural-based materials derived from waste is promising. One such material is mycelium-bound composites obtained from the growth of fungi onto solid lignocellulosic substrates, which find applications such as insulating foams, textiles, packaging, etc. During growth, the fungus degrades and digests the substrate to create a web-like stiff network called mycelium. The development of the mycelium is influenced by several factors, including the substrate composition. As food waste accounts for nearly 44% of total municipal solid waste, incorporating food in the substrate composition could be a means to increase the nutrients absorbed by the fungus. In this paper, we study the effects of the addition of food supplements on the growth of two fungal species, Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus ostreatus. The substrates, the food supplements, and the mycelia are characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and optical microscopy. Our results show that addition of barley as a supplement significantly boosts the growth of G. lucidum and P. ostreatus. Using a common food as a nutritious enrichment for the development of mycelium is a simple and straightforward strategy to create waste-based mycelium-bound biocomposites for a large range of applications, on-site, therefore promoting a circular economy.

Resource Utilization Residue of Pleurotus ostreatus

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 2048-2053
Author(s):  
Yong Xiong ◽  
Chun Yan Zhao ◽  
Yi Jian Chen ◽  
Wan Song Yue
Keyword(s):  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Flammulina Velutipes ◽  
Edible Fungi ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Better Than

The allelopathy of spent substrate extracts including water extract and ethanol extract ofPleurotus ostreatuson the mycelium growth of six edible fungi, i.e.Flammulina velutipes,Ganoderma lucidum Karst,Pleurotus ostreatusandCordyceps (three species), were investigated using Petri dishes approach. The results indicated that the spent substrate extracts have different effects on their mycelium growth. The mycelium ofFlammulina velutipesgrows better than control check with increasing water extract concentration. The mycelia ofGanoderma lucidum Karstgrow first promotion after inhibition with increasing water extract concentration. The mycelia ofFlammulina velutipes, Ganoderma lucidum Karst, Pleurotus ostreatusare promoted by ethanol extracts. The mycelia of Cordyceps (three species) grow first promotion after inhibition with ethanol extracts. The results can provide reference values for rational utilization of the spent mushroom substrate.

scholarly journals Biological efficiency and nutritional value of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated in agroindustrial wastes of palm oil fruits and cocoa almonds

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Mota da Silva ◽  
Cristiano Oliveira do Carmo ◽  
Thiago Alves Santos de Oliveira ◽  
Vinícius Reis de Figueirêdo ◽  
Elizabeth Amélia Alves Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Ecological Benefits ◽  
Processing Wastes ◽  
Cultivated Mushroom ◽  
Mushroom Yield

ABSTRACT The cocoa and palm oil agro-industries active in the state of Bahia, Brazil, generate high quantities of lignocellulosic wastes that could be recycled through their use in the formulation of substrates to cultivate edible mushrooms. Pleurotus ostreatus, also known as oyster mushroom, is the second most cultivated mushroom in the world due to its highly appreciated gastronomic, nutritional, and medicinal characteristics. This work evaluated the vertical mycelium growth, biological efficiency, mushroom yield, and nutritional composition of P. ostreatus produced in substrates formulated with a combination of palm oil fruit mesocarp (POFM) and cocoa almond peels (CAP) processing wastes. The substrates were formulated with the following POFM/CAP proportions (%/%): S1 – 86.4/9.6; S2 – 76.8/19.2; S3 – 67.2/28.8; S4 – 57.6/38.4, and S5 – 48.0/48.0. Substrates also received 3% powdered charcoal and 1% calcium carbonate. Substrates S1, S2, S3, and S4 were superior for vertical mycelium growth. S2 promoted the best biological efficiency (148.8%) and yield (560.5g·kg-1).The mushrooms produced in all substrates presented good nutritional values, although mushrooms produced using the S2 presented the highest crude protein content. Overall, S1 is the recommended substrate as it results in higher yields of nutrient rich mushrooms. Production of P. ostreatus in substrates composed of POFM and CAP represents a good alternative for recycling these wastes with potential economic and ecological benefits to regions where palm oil and cocoa are grown.

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