USO DA TOXINA BOTULÍNICA COMO TERAPIA COADJUVANTE EM PACIENTES COM DOENÇA DE PARKINSON, DISFUNÇÕES TEMPOROMANDIBULARES E BRUXISMO

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Clara Cavalcante Gomes ◽  
Nathaly Bruna de Oliveira Silva ◽  
João Lucas Pessoa de Vasconcelos ◽  
Saulo Brivaldo Mendonça da Silva ◽  
Mariana Souza Bezerra Cavalcanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum

Introdução: A toxina botulínica é uma neurotoxina produzida pelo Clostridium botulinum, causador do botulismo, doença neuroparalítica grave(1,3). Esta, é uma proteinase de zinco que realiza a clivagem de proteínas associadas a vesículas neuronais, responsáveis pela liberação de acetilcolina na junção neuromuscular(1). A doença de Parkinson (DP), afeta significativamente a vida dos pacientes, alguns não respondem às opções terapêuticas aplicadas costumeiramente, prejudicando ainda mais essa situação(2). Ademais, disfunções temporomandibulares (DTMs) e bruxismo do sono (BS), são condições que prejudicam significativamente os pacientes, causando dores e movimentos mandibulares restritos(4). A utilização da toxina botulínica, é vista ligada principalmente a fins estéticos, contudo sua utilidade vai muito além disso. Objetivos: Este resumo possui como objetivo avaliar e correlacionar o uso da toxina botulínica à doença de Parkinson, DTMs e Bruxismo como uma possível alternativa terapêutica. Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa de artigos científicos nas plataformas Pubmed e Sciencedirect, buscando por meio dos descritores “botulinum toxin AND parkinsonism, botulinum toxin AND bruxism”, onde foi encontrado os artigos utilizados. Resultados: O uso de toxina botulínica mostrou diversos benefícios quando avaliado em pacientes com DP, DTMs e BS. Isso foi evidente ao avaliar a sialorréia, que acomete 86% dos pacientes com DP, caracterizando a incapacidade de controlar as secreções orais, que após a aplicação da toxina botulínica nas glândulas salivares houve a inibição da transmissão colinérgica parassimpática e simpática pósganglionar, promovendo a diminuição da secreção salivar(2). Além disso, a disfunção urinária ligada a DP também mostrou bons prognósticos quando submetidos à aplicação da toxina, agindo no músculo detrusor podendo trazer benefício por até 6 meses(2).Em pacientes com DTMs e BS, submetidos a uma sessão de injeção da toxina nos músculos temporal e masseter, foi possível observar uma melhora considerável nos níveis de dor, como também nos movimentos mandibulares, avaliados no pós-operatório, em um, três e seis meses após o tratamento(4). Conclusões: Dessa forma, é possível concluir que o uso da terapia com toxina botulínica nos distúrbios de parkinsonismo, disfunções temporomandibulares e bruxismo tem uma grande importância terapêutica coadjuvante auxiliando de forma significativa no tratamento dos sintomas dessas síndromes. Porém, mais estudos são necessários para melhor compreender os mecanismos dessa toxina em cada síndrome, bem como buscar a padronização de doses nas mesmas, além de sua utilização em outras enfermidades.

In vitro and in vivo Assessment of Silver Nanoparticles Against Clostridium botulinum Type A Botulinum

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Aminianfar ◽  
Siavash Parvardeh ◽  
Mohsen Soleimani
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Type A ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nano Silver

Background: Clostridium botulinum causes botulism, a serious paralytic illness that results from the ingestion of a botulinum toxin. Because silver nanoparticle products exhibit strong antimicrobial activity, applications for silver nanoparticles in healthcare have expanded. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to assess a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of botulism toxicity using silver nanoparticles. Methods: A preliminary test was conducted using doses that produce illness in laboratory animals to determine the absolute lethal dose (LD100) of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) in mice. Next, the test animals were divided into six groups containing six mice each. Groups I, II and III were the negative control (botulinum toxin only), positive control-1 (nano-silver only) and positive control-2 (no treatment), respectively. The remaining groups were allocated to the toxin that was supplemented with three nano-silver treatments. Results: The mortality rates of mice caused by BoNT/A significantly reduced in the treatment groups with different doses and injection intervals of nano-silver when compared to the negative control group. BoNT/A toxicity induced by intraperitoneal injection of the toxin of Clostridium botulinum causes rapid death while when coupled with nano-osilver results in delayed death in mice. Conclusion: These results, while open to future improvement, represent a preliminary step towards the satisfactory control of BoNT/A with the use of silver nanoparticles for human protection against this bioterrorism threat. Further study in this area can elucidate the underlying mechanism for detoxifying BoNT/A by silver nanoparticles.

The rat as an animal model for infant botulism

1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 819-821
Author(s):  
L J Moberg ◽  
H Sugiyama
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Infant Botulism

Susceptibility to intraintestinal Clostridium botulinum colonization of conventional infant and germfree adult rats is comparable to that of mice. C. botulinum-monoassociated rats pass C. botulinum toxin in their milk.

scholarly journals Detection of Clostridium botulinum Toxin by Local Paralysis Elicited with Intramuscular Challenge

1975 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sugiyama ◽  
Shelley L. Brenner ◽  
B. R. Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum

scholarly journals Development of a technique for DNA detection and identification of toxigenic strains of Clostridium botulinum types A, B, E by the Real-Time PCR method

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Toxigenic Strains ◽  
Definition Of

Botulism is dangerous toxic infection caused by a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The mortality rate from botulism can reach 70% of all cases of illness in case of untimely initiation of treatment. The pathogenesis of botulism involves the damage to the central nervous system by a toxin produced by C. botulinum. Currently there are seven recognized antigenic types of this toxin. Botulinum toxin is included into the group of biological agents and it is one of the most likely agents to be used in a biological attack. Since botulinum neurotoxin is a complex nucleoprotein complex and the traces of DNA can be detected even in purified toxin preparations, we have elaborated a technique for detecting and identifying DNA of toxigenic strains of Clostridium botulinum types A, B, E, that cause human botulism in most cases. This technique is based on the the detection of residual amounts of this DNA in botulinum toxin using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay with fluorescent hybridization detection. The main obstacle to development of a technique for the detection and identification of DNA of toxigenic strains is the high variability of the genes responsible for the synthesis of botulinum toxin. We have established a region of the gene with the lowest homology in all strains. This requirement is met by a fragment of the bont gene that encodes a light chain of a neurotoxin and is highly conserved in the strains of C. botulinum producing one type of toxin. The paper represents the results of the definition of analytical sensitivity and specific activity of the developed method. The specificity of the determination is 100%, the analytical sensitivity – 1×10 2 mc./ml. The method can be used to analyze food, samples of clinical materials and environmental samples suspected of being contaminated with toxigenic strains of C. botulinum

Production of Botulinum Toxin in Inoculated Pack Studies of Foil-Wrapped Baked Potatoes

1981 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 896-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. SUGIYAMA ◽  
MARGY WOODBURN ◽  
K. H. YANG ◽  
COLLEEN MOVROYDIS
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Type A ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Inoculation Site ◽  
Botulinum Type ◽  
Lethal Doses ◽  
Spore Inoculation

Idaho Russet Burbank potatoes were surface or stab inoculated with 10 to 105 spores of Clostridium botulinum type A strain, overwrapped in aluminum foil, baked at 204 C for 50 min or 96 C for 3 h and then held at 22 or 30 C. The shortest incubations resulting in the first botulinogenic potatoes were inversely related to spore doses and ranged from 3 to 7 days; potatoes inoculated with 10 spores were toxic after 5 to 7 days. Total toxin in individual potatoes incubated 3 to 5 days were 5 × 103 to 5 × 105 mouse mean lethal doses. Toxin was not found at distances greater than 1.6 cm from the spore inoculation site. Results indicate that left-over, foil-wrapped, baked potatoes are a perishable food that must be refrigerated.

Effect of Equilibrated pH and Indigenous Spoilage Microorganisms on the Inhibition of Proteolytic Clostridium botulinum Toxin Production in Experimental Meals under Temperature Abuse

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. 1252-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max C. Golden ◽  
Brandon J. Wanless ◽  
Jairus R. D. David ◽  
D. Scott Lineback ◽  
Ryan J. Talley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Spoilage Microorganisms ◽  
Toxin Formation

ABSTRACT Clostridium botulinum is a foreseeable biological hazard in prepared refrigerated meals that needs to be addressed in food safety plans. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of product composition and storage temperature on the inhibition of botulinum toxin formation in nine experimental meals (meat, vegetable, or carbohydrate based). Treatments were inoculated with proteolytic C. botulinum, vacuum packaged, cooked at 90°C for 10 min, and assayed for botulinum toxin in samples stored at 25°C for up to 96 h for phase 1, or at 25°C for 12 h and then transferred to 12.5°C for up to 12 and 6 weeks in phases 1 and 2, respectively. For phase 1, none of the treatments (equilibrated pH 5.8) supported toxin production when stored at 25°C for 48 h, but toxin production was observed in all treatments at 72 h. For the remaining experiments with storage at 12.5°C, toxin production was dependent on equilibrated pH, storage time, and growth of indigenous spoilage microorganisms. In phase 1, no gross spoilage and no botulinum toxin was detected for any treatment (pH ≤5.8) stored at 12.5°C for 12 weeks. In phase 2, gross spoilage varied by commodity, with the brussels sprouts meal with pH 6.5 showing the most rapid spoilage within 2 weeks and botulinum toxin detected at 5 and 6 weeks for the control and cultured celery juice treatments, respectively. In contrast, spoilage microbes decreased the pH of a pH 5.9 beef treatment by 1.0 unit, potentially inhibiting C. botulinum through 6 weeks at 12.5°C. None of the other treatments with pH 5.8 or below supported toxin production or spoilage. This study provides validation for preventive controls in refrigerated meals. These include equilibrated product pH and storage temperature and time to inhibit toxin formation by proteolytic C. botulinum, but the impact of indigenous microflora on safety and interpretation of challenge studies is also highlighted.

Clostridium botulinum Toxin Formation in Romaine Lettuce and Shredded Cabbage: Effect of Storage and Packaging Conditions

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 624-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
RUTH L. PETRAN ◽  
WILLIAM H. SPERBER ◽  
ARTHUR B. DAVIS
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Romaine Lettuce ◽  
Toxin Detection ◽  
Storage Method ◽  
Fresh Cut ◽  
Storage Temperatures ◽  
Toxin Formation

The potential for growth and toxin production by Clostridium botulinum spores was investigated in samples of fresh-cut romaine lettuce and shredded cabbage packaged in vented and nonvented flexible pouches at storage temperatures of 4.4, 12.7, and 21°C for up to 28 days. One hundred grams of cut, washed romaine lettuce and cabbage were placed in polyester bags. Approximately 104 heat-shocked spores were added per package. Before sealing, half the packages were vented. No toxin was detected with either storage method at 4.4 and 12.7°C. In nonvented pouches of romaine lettuce at 21°C, spores grew and produced toxin after 14 days. Romaine samples at 21°C in vented pouches became toxic after 21 days, indicating formation of anaerobic microenvironments within the pouches. In nonvented packages of cabbage at 21°C, toxin was detected after 7 days. All toxin-positive samples were judged to be inedible prior to toxin detection.

Botulinum Toxin (Botox) to Enhance Facial Macroesthetics: A Literature Review

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarosh F. Dastoor ◽  
Carl E. Misch ◽  
Hom-Lay Wang
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Treatment Option ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Acetylcholine Release ◽  
Botulinum Toxin A ◽  
Facial Appearance ◽  
Muscle Paralysis ◽  
Case Selection

Abstract Dental implants have emerged as a predictable treatment option for partial edentulism. Their ability to preserve bone and soft tissue yields highly esthetic results in the long term. Increasingly, patients are demanding not only enhancements to their dental (micro) esthetics but also to their overall facial (macro) esthetics. Dynamic wrinkles (caused by hyperfunctional muscles) in the perioral, glabellar, and forehead regions can cause a patient's expressions to be misinterpreted as angry, anxious, fearful, or fatigued. An emerging treatment option to address these issues is the use of a paralyzing material such as botulinum toxin A (Botox) to decrease the appearance of the wrinkles, which yields a more esthetic and youthful facial appearance. Botox is a deadly poison that is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and causes muscle paralysis by inhibiting acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction. When used in areas of hyperfunctional muscles, a transient partial paralysis occurs that diminishes the appearances of wrinkles, Therefore, wrinkles not attributable to hyperfunctional muscles (eg, wrinkles caused by aging, gravity, photodamage, trauma, and scarring) will not be amenable to treatment with the toxin. As a result, proper case selection is essential. A thorough understanding of the indications, techniques, dosages, and complications and their management is imperative to achieve a satisfactory result. This article will review the pathogenesis of facial wrinkles as well as the history, techniques, clinical controversies, and other important considerations for successful treatment of facial wrinkles with Botox.

Case 24

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bashar Katirji
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Neuromuscular Junction ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorder ◽  
Repetitive Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Myasthenic Syndrome ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Foodborne Botulism

Botulism is an extremely rare neuromuscular disorder, caused by botulinum toxin which is produced by the anaerobic bacteria Clostridium botulinum. It has several forms: classic foodborne, infantile, wound, intestinal, and iatrogenic forms. The presentation is often acute and severe but may be occasionally subacute and moderate. The diagnosis may be difficult and requires a high index of suspicion. This case presents an adult with classic foodborne botulism and highlights the clinical and electrodiagnostic findings that distinguish this disorder from other neuromuscular junction disorders including myasthenia gravis and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. Specifically, the findings on repetitive nerve stimulation are discussed and distinguished from the results seen in other neuromuscular junction disorders.

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