Het Europese Waardenonderzoek 1981-2017 : Geschiedenis, de internationale context en het Nederlandse veldonderzoek

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-397
Author(s):  
Ruud Luijkx ◽  
Angelica Maineri
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Family Work ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
The Social ◽  
European Values ◽  
European Values Study ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Cross National

Abstract This article outlines the main features of the European Values Study (EVS), with special focus on the innovations implemented in the fifth wave (2017). As a large-scale, cross-national and longitudinal social survey program, the EVS provides insights into the ideas, beliefs, preferences, attitudes, values, and opinions of citizens all over Europe, unique in its combined focus on how Europeans think about life, family, work, religion, politics, and society. The first round of data collection was initiated in 1981, and every nine years, a representative sample of residents have been questioned in an increasing number of countries (47 European countries/regions in 2008). The fifth wave started in 2017 and is at this moment under completion. The methodological standards of EVS increased over the waves. As part of the Horizon 2020 project Synergies for Europe’s Research Infrastructures in the Social Sciences (SERISS), EVS took part in innovations in the field of translation and the implementation of websurveys. The data of the European Values Study are publicly available free of charge. A rich academic literature has accumulated around the original and consecutive surveys: more than 1600 publications are listed in the EVS Bibliography (see europeanvaluesstudy.eu). The final sections of this article describe more in detail the implementation of the EVS 2017 in the Netherlands and end with a peek in the future.

Mapping social capital across Europe: findings, trends and methodological shortcomings of cross-national surveys

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frane Adam
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
European Level ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
European Values ◽  
European Values Study ◽  
Cross National

Two sets of issues are elaborated and reflected on. The first one concerns the distribution of stocks of social capital across European (EU) nations. Using the conventional proxies like trust and associational involvement on the basis of data from cross-national surveys (European Values Study and European Social Survey as well as from Eurobarometer), the main tentative trends and patterns are outlined. The second set of issues refers to the quality and credibility of data. Concerning the first issue, it is possible to speak of four groups of countries with regard to the distribution of social capital at the European level. In contrast to authors who argue that there are no large differences in mean scores across the national patterns, this analysis arrived at more differentiated conclusions. Between the first and fourth groups, a very clear borderline can be drawn, while differences between the second and third groups are not so pronounced. In the context of the thematizing and critical reflection of the validity and comparability of the empirical evidence, some errors and inconsistencies were found. It seems that they appeared in part due to the inappropriate technical design of cross-national surveys and in part because of the countries-specific semantic-cultural as well as institutional factors, which did receive much attention either in the stage of preparing and conducting the survey or in the phase of interpreting and generalizing of the data.

scholarly journals Measuring the trust in the European values study and the European social survey

Sociologija ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-439
Author(s):  
Milos Besic
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
European Values ◽  
European Values Study

In this paper, we compare the latent construct measurement of political and interpersonal trust in two researches: the European Values Study and the European Social Survey. The main goal was to estimate the validity of measuring the respective concepts. In order to achieve this goal, we conducted a number of Principal Component Analyses and Confirmatory Factor Analyses. Additionally, we used multilevel regression modelling to test and compare the effect of socio-demographic variables on political and interpersonal trust in both researches. We identified that socio-demographic predictors had a similar effect on both types of trust. The paper is complemented with descriptive data that portray the differences among countries when it comes to interpersonal and political trust.

The Religious Landscape in Post-communist Slovakia

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Podolinská
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
International Social Survey Programme ◽  
European Values ◽  
European Values Study ◽  
Main Representative ◽  
Religious Landscape ◽  
International Social

This contribution analyses the results of international sociological surveys that collected data in Slovakia, namely three waves of the European Values Study (EVS 1991, 1999, 2008) and two waves of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP 1999 and ISSP 2006-2008). Focusing on the survey data the essay elucidates the concrete process of religious dynamics in post-communist Slovakia. Attention is paid to the so-called 'core of believers' as the main representative of 'traditional' religiosity, using this unique opportunity to explore the dynamics of this group within the last two decades. The author concludes that even if institutional religiosity is still far more dominant in the Slovak religious scene, the prevailing form of religiosity is of a post-traditional character.

Estimation of soil moisture content using Citizen observatory data -lessons learnt from GROW Observatory project

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endre Dobos ◽  
Károly Kovács ◽  
Daniel Kibirige ◽  
Péter Vadnai
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Soil Moisture Monitoring

<p>Soil moisture is a crucial factor for agricultural activity, but also an important factor for weather forecast and climate science. Despite of the technological development in soil moisture sensing, no full coverage global or continental or even national scale soil moisture monitoring system exist.  There is a new European initiative to demonstrate the feasibility of a citizen observatory based soil moisture monitoring system.  The aim of this study is to characterize this new monitoring approach and provide provisional results on the interpretation and system performance.</p><p>GROW Observatory is a project funded under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program. Its aim is to establish a large scale (>20,000 participants), resilient and integrated ‘Citizen Observatory’ (CO) and community for environmental monitoring that is self-sustaining beyond the life of the project. This article describes how the initial framework and tools were developed to evolve, bring together and train such a community; raising interest, engaging participants, and educating to support reliable observations, measurements and documentation, and considerations with a special focus on the reliability of the resulting dataset for scientific purposes. The scientific purposes of GROW observatory are to test the data quality and the spatial representativity of a citizen engagement driven spatial distribution as reliably inputs for soil moisture monitoring and   to create timely series of  gridded soil moisture products based on citizens’ observations using low cost soil moisture (SM) sensors, and to provide an extensive dataset of in-situ soil moisture observations which can serve as a reference to validate satellite-based SM products and support the Copernicus in-situ component. This article aims to showcase the design, tools and the digital soil mapping approaches of the final soil moisture product.</p>

scholarly journals RELIGIOSIDADE DA JUVENTUDE PORTUGUESA : Evolução recente e comparação com o restante da população

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (101) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Pereira Coutinho
Keyword(s):  
European Social Survey ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
International Social Survey Programme ◽  
European Values ◽  
European Values Study ◽  
International Social

Este artigo, baseado no European Values Study, European Social Survey e International Social Survey Programme, discute a evolução da religiosidade juvenil portuguesa no período 1990-2016, comparando com o restante da população, assente em quatro dimensões: comunidade, crença, prática e norma. As dimensões “comunidade”, “prática” e “norma” decrescem, embora a “prática” possa estar estabilizada. A dimensão “crença”, cristã e não cristã, cresce ou mantém-se. As dimensões “comunidade”, “prática” e “norma” são menores nos jovens, enquanto a dimensão “crença”, cristã e não cristã, é maior ou igual nos jovens. O artigo contribui para analisar a religiosidade juvenil em Portugal de forma mais exaustiva do que se encontra atualmente feito.

scholarly journals The European Values Study 2017: On the Way to the Future Using Mixed-Modes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruud Luijkx ◽  
Guðbjörg Andrea Jónsdóttir ◽  
Tobias Gummer ◽  
Michèle Ernst Stähli ◽  
Morten Frederiksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Scale Population ◽  
Survey Costs ◽  
European Values ◽  
European Values Study ◽  
Mixed Modes ◽  
New Research ◽  
Country Specific

Abstract The European Values Study (EVS) was first conducted in 1981 and then repeated in 1990, 1999, 2008, and 2017, with the aim of providing researchers with data to investigate whether European individual and social values are changing and to what degree. The EVS is traditionally carried out as a probability-based face-to-face survey that takes around 1 hour to complete. In recent years, large-scale population surveys such as the EVS have been challenged by decreasing response rates and increasing survey costs. In the light of these challenges, six countries that participated in the last wave of the EVS tested the application of self-administered mixed-modes (Denmark, Finland, Germany, Iceland, the Netherlands, and Switzerland). With the present data brief, we will introduce researchers to the latest wave of the EVS, the implemented mode experiments, and the EVS data releases. In our view, it is pivotal for data use in substantive research to make the reasoning behind design changes and country-specific implementations transparent as well as to highlight new research opportunities.

scholarly journals Migration as a threat to security of the accepting society: peculiarities of perception of the native population

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-82
Author(s):  
Vladimir Prokhoda
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Native Population ◽  
Job Market ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
European Values ◽  
The Subject ◽  
European Values Study ◽  
Cross National

This research is based on the materials of the fifth wave of the cross-national sociological project “European Values Study”. The conceptual framework consists in the theory of a complex threat, describing the key components of the perceived threat that lead to prejudice between social groups. The subject of this research is the peculiarities of the perception of migration by native population as a potential threat to the security of the accepting society. Special attention is paid to the description of current migration situation in Europe. The article reviews the realistic and symbolic threats of migration through the prism of public opinion of the native population. It is stated that the European countries significantly differ depending on perception of migration threats by the native population. The author notes that population of the countries with developed economy mostly do not feel competition with the migrants on the job market. A conclusion is made that in the conditions of Russia’s unstable national economy and pressure of sanctions, the migrants seem to Russians as a serious threat on the job market. It is evident that in the European countries the migrants are largely perceived as a source of criminality. The research determines the factors affecting rejection of migrants in modern Russia. The author offers the typology of European countries based on peculiarities of perception of migration threats by the native population.

scholarly journals Environmental harshness is associated with lower investment in collective actions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Lettinga ◽  
P.O. Jacquet ◽  
J-B. André ◽  
N. Baumard ◽  
C. Chevallier
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Collective Actions ◽  
The World ◽  
European Values ◽  
European Values Study

AbstractAlthough humans cooperate universally, there is variability across individuals, times and cultures in the amount of resources people invest in cooperative activities. The origins of such variability are not known but recent work highlights that variations in environmental harshness may play a key role. A growing body of experimental work in evolutionary psychology suggests that humans adapt to their specific environment by calibrating their life-history strategy. In this paper, we apply structural equation models to test the association between current and childhood environmental harshness, life-history strategy and adult cooperation in two large-scale datasets (the World Values Survey and the European Values Study). The present study replicates existing research linking a harsher environment (both in adulthood and in childhood) with a modulated reproduction-maintenance trade-off and extends these findings to the domain of collective actions. Specifically, we find that a harsher environment (both in adulthood and in childhood) is associated with decreased involvement in collective action and that this association is mediated by individuals’ life-history strategy.

scholarly journals More Religious, Less Dogmatic: Toward a General Framework for Gender Differences in Religion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Landon Schnabel
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Theory ◽  
Religious Expression ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gender Regimes ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
International Social ◽  
Cross National

Gender gaps in religiosity are among the most consistent findings in the social sciences. The literature, however, has typically under-emphasized gender theory, paid insufficient attention to variation across different contexts, and failed to consider styles of religious expression. This study draws on gender theory, brings religion and political attitudes research into dialogue, and explores potential gender differences in religious dogmatism (e.g., religious absolutism, exclusivity, and intolerance). Using U.S. data from the Baylor Religion Survey and cross-national data from the International Social Survey Programme, I demonstrate that women are generally more religious, but less dogmatic. As expected based on gender theory, however, the patterns I uncover are not universal and vary by societal context (i.e., Christian vs. non-Christian nations). I argue that religion appears to be a gendered sphere like any other in which we express our gendered selves, and that gender gaps in religion are the result not of essential differences, but of context-specific gender regimes, religion regimes, and the simultaneous “doing” of both gender and religion.

scholarly journals Social Class—Not Income Inequality—Predicts Social and Institutional Trust

2021 ◽  
pp. 194855062199927
Author(s):  
Youngju Kim ◽  
Nicolas Sommet ◽  
Jinkyung Na ◽  
Dario Spini
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Multilevel Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Institutional Trust ◽  
The Social ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Cross National

Trust is the social glue that holds society together. The academic consensus is that trust is weaker among lower-class individuals and in unequal regions/countries, which is often considered a threat to a healthy society. However, existing studies are inconsistent and have two limitations: (i) variability in the measurement of social class and (ii) small numbers of higher level units (regions/countries). We addressed these problems using large-scale (cross-)national representative surveys (encompassing 560,000+ participants from 1,500+ regional/national units). Multilevel analysis led to two consistent sets of findings. First, the effects of social class on social trust were systematically positive, whereas the effects on institutional trust depended on the way social class was measured. Second, the effects of income inequality on social and institutional trust were systematically nonsignificant and smaller than the smallest negative effect of interest. Our findings suggest that researchers need to update their knowledge: social class—not income inequality—predicts trust.

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