Influence of Heavy Metals on Seed Germination, Shoot Length, Root Length and the
Profiling of Antioxidant Activity of Linum Usitatissimum L.

Being an important oilseed crop, flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) grows mostly in temperate climates. The present study involved the seeds and seedlings of the flaxseed plant for analysis. The current experiment was carried out to determine the effect on seed germination, seedling growth and the antioxidant profiling of the plant when treated with heavy metal exposures. The heavy metals selected for the study were Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb), and Copper (Cu). The inhibition caused by these metals varied from day to day as the experimental setup was upto 60 days and the observations started from the 15th day. The plant indicated inhibition on seed germination highest with Cu stress. The highest effect of heavy metal on reduced growth of shoot and root was exhibited by Pb and Cu stress. Also, when the antioxidant profiling was done, Zn had the most toxic effect on phytochemicals. The conclusions divulged that the metal toxicity was as follows: Pb > Cu >Zn.

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Inhibition of methanogenesis in pure cultures by ammonia, fatty acids, and heavy metals, and protection against heavy metal toxicity by sewage sludge

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m87-093 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 551-554 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Ken F. Jarrell ◽

Michelle Saulnier ◽

Art Ley

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

Metal Toxicity ◽

Heavy Metal Toxicity ◽

Methanosarcina Barkeri ◽

Methanospirillum Hungatei ◽

Nickel Zinc ◽

Pure Cultures

The effect of ammonium chloride, sodium butyrate, sodium propionate, and the heavy metals nickel, zinc, and copper on methanogenesis by pure cultures of Methanospirillum hungatei, Methanosarcina barkeri, Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, and Methanobacterium formicicum at pH 6.5 was studied. The latter three strains were resistant to > 60 g/L of the volatile fatty acids and to > 10 g/L of NH3 N. Methanospirillum hungatei was somewhat more sensitive with 50% inhibition of methanogenesis occurring at 4.2 g/L NH3 N, 27 g/L butyrate, and 41 g/L propionate. All strains were very sensitive to both copper (1–5 mg/L) and zinc (1–10 mg/L), but much more resistant to nickel. Zinc and copper concentrations 30 to 270 times higher were required to cause inhibition of Msp. hungatei incubated in sewage sludge compared with buffer, indicating a strong protective environment was afforded the methanogens against heavy metal toxicity in the sludge.

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Tolerance of Microorganisms to Heavy Metals

Recent Advancements in Bioremediation of Metal Contaminants - Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-4888-2.ch002 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 19-35

Author(s):

Joan Mwihaki Nyika

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Heavy Metal Pollution ◽

Metal Toxicity ◽

Environmental Concern ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Wide Range ◽

Bioremediation Processes

Heavy metal pollution is a growing environmental concern due to the increase in anthropogenic-based sources. Microorganisms have high adsorptive capacities and surface-area-to-volume ratio that enable the uptake of these contaminants and their conversion to innocuous complexes in the process of bioremediation. This chapter explores the mechanisms and specific microorganisms that are resistant to metal toxicity. A wide range of bacterial, algae, and fungal species used as biosorbents are highlighted. Mechanisms such as reduction of metal cations, their sequestration, and binding on cell barriers are discussed. To optimise the efficacy of microorganisms in bioremediation processes, adoption of genetic and nano-technologies is recommended.

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Deciphering metal toxicity responses of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) with exopolysaccharide and ACC-deaminase producing bacteria in industrially contaminated soils

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.039 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 152 ◽

pp. 90-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nida Zainab ◽

Amna ◽

Bashir Ud Din ◽

Muhammad Tariq Javed ◽

Muhammad Siddique Afridi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Linum Usitatissimum ◽

Contaminated Soils ◽

Metal Toxicity ◽

Acc Deaminase ◽

Linum Usitatissimum L

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Seed germination test for heavy metal phytotoxicity assessment

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps-2014-018 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 94 (8) ◽

pp. 1519-1521 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jichul Bae ◽

Gaston Mercier ◽

Alan K. Watson ◽

Diane L. Benoit

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Metal Toxicity ◽

Petri Dish ◽

Germination Test ◽

Test Species ◽

Centrifuge Tube ◽

Metal Treatment ◽

Agar Media ◽

Seed Germination Test

Bae, J., Mercier, G., Watson, A. K. and Benoit, D. L. 2014. Seed germination test for heavy metal phytotoxicity assessment. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1519–1521. We introduced a germination assay for metal toxicity using micro-centrifuge tube and agar media as germination substrate. The additives associated with metal treatment preparation had no effect on germination of four test species. This method can circumvent some of the limitations derived from the traditional petri-dish germination assays.

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Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) as Fibre Crops for Phytoextraction of Heavy Metals: Biological, Agro-technological and Economical Point of View

Soil Biology - Plant-Based Remediation Processes ◽

10.1007/978-3-642-35564-6_11 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 199-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Miroslav Griga ◽

Marie Bjelková

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Linum Usitatissimum ◽

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Point Of View ◽

Linum Usitatissimum L

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Detection of heavy metal toxicity and genotoxicity in wastewaters by microbial assay

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1994.0522 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 30 (10) ◽

pp. 145-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

J. C. Codina ◽

A. Pérez-García ◽

A. de Vicente

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Toxicity ◽

Ames Test ◽

Deionized Water ◽

Toxicity Tests ◽

Water Solutions ◽

Microbial Assay ◽

Higher Sensitivity

The effect of wastewater on the sensitivity of toxicity and genotoxicity assays for the detection of heavy metals was evaluated. Five microbiological toxicity tests were used to compare the toxicity of cadmium, copper, chromium, mercury, nickel, and zinc, both in deionized water solutions and in wastewater. The toxicity assays employed were: Microtox®, two tests of growth inhibition using Pseudomonas fluorescens, and two spectrophotometric assays of the inhibition of respiration test using baker's yeast and P. fluorescens. Also, the genotoxic effect of the assayed metals was evaluated by using the Ames test, the Escherichia coli WP2 test, and the SOS test. The sensitivity to metals decreases in most of the toxicity and genotoxicity assays; in general, higher sensitivity thresholds (EC20) in wastewater than in water solutions were determined. Each test shows different sensitivities to each metal, which is related to different sensitivities of the organisms used in the assays, as well as to other factors.

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