scholarly journals Accessing Minnesota School Administrators’ Knowledge and Perceptions Related to Sharing School Play Spaces after the Passage of Minnesota Shared Use Legislation

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
John Spengler ◽  
Selina Stasi
Keyword(s):  
School Administrators ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
School Superintendents ◽  
Recreational Facilities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Facilities Design ◽  
School Property ◽  
And Training

Lower levels of physical activity among children in the United States can be attributed in part to the lack of access to safe, low-cost recreational facilities. Shared use, or a partnership allowing the community to use school recreational facilities outside of normal hours, has received increased attention. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the extent of knowledge among school decision makers about a law passed clarifying liability for school shared use in Minnesota and to understand perceptions held by school decision makers regarding shared use of recreational facilities. Design, Setting, and Participants: A survey of Minnesota school superintendents and other decision makers (N = 182) was conducted to understand the issues relevant to sharing school recreational facilities with the public. Results: The majority (90%) of respondents indicated concern about liability for injury on school property outside of normal hours, and that insurance and contracts provided the most protection from liability. Most respondents indicated they were not familiar with the Minnesota shared use legislation and its provisions (61.36%, n = 108). Conclusions: Findings suggest the importance of education and training to further school superintendents’ knowledge of Minnesota shared use legislation, legal and policy issues relevant to shared use, and issues related to the implementation of shared use within their Districts.

The Challenge of Climate Change

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario J. Molina ◽  
Adolfo Plasencia
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Nobel Prize Winner ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Ozone Layer ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Continuous Release ◽  
It Education ◽  
Industrial Compounds ◽  
And Training

In this conversation, Nobel Prize winner Mario J. Molina reflects on the ethical side of science. He explains how several decades ago, together with the scientist F. Sherwood Rowland, he predicted that human activity was endangering the ozone layer. They discovered the mechanisms which could bring about the destruction of the layer due to the continuous release of industrial compounds, such as the so-called chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), into the atmosphere. Professor Molina relates how the issue with the ozone layer was the first example of a problem on a truly global scale for science and, as such, had to be tackled, because without the ozone layer, life on our planet would not have evolved as we know it. Education and training are proving a great help with how the present challenge of stopping or mitigating the daunting problem of global warming should be approached. In the dialogue, different courses of action for persuading both decision-makers and the public are proposed. It is however proving rather difficult to achieve and something which, according to Professor Molina, is also related to education.

Substance Use on School Property among Students Attending Alternative High Schools in the United States

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy D. Brener ◽  
Todd W. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High School ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
High School Students ◽  
School Administrators ◽  
Alternative High School ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Students ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
School Property

We analyzed nationally representative data from the 1998 National Alternative High School Youth Risk Behavior Survey, conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, to determine the prevalence of substance use on school property among alternative high school students in the United States, to describe the characteristics of students who use substances on school property, and to examine the interrelationships of substance-use behaviors. During the 30 days preceding the survey, nearly 48 percent of students used at least one substance on school property and 17 percent used more than one substance on school property. Males were more likely than females and white students were more likely than black or Hispanic students to have used substances on school property. The results of this and other studies suggest that school administrators, public health practitioners, and policy makers should work to improve strategies for reducing substance use in this heterogeneous, hard-to-reach population.

scholarly journals THE STATE OF THE NATION: A 50-STATE COVID-19 SURVEY REPORT #5: APPROVAL OF EXECUTIVE PERFORMANCE DURING COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lazer ◽  
Katherine Ognyanova ◽  
Alexi Quintana ◽  
Matthew Baum ◽  
John D. Volpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
The United States ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
Survey Report ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
And Gender

The initial response to a crisis typically depends on the executive branch of government, because they may act more rapidly than legislative and judicial branches. For COVID-19 in particular, the focal decision-makers have been the president and the governors of the 50 states. In the eyes of the public, how have the president and governors responded?We surveyed 22,501 individuals across all 50 states plus the District of Columbia. The survey was conducted on 12-28 June 2020 by PureSpectrum via an online, nonprobability sample, with state-level representative quotas for race/ethnicity, age, and gender (for methodological details on the other waves, see covidstates.org). In addition to balancing on these dimensions, we reweighted our data using demographic characteristics to match the U.S. population with respect to race/ethnicity, age, gender, and education. This was the fifth in a series of surveys we have been conducting since April 2020, examining attitudes and behaviors regarding COVID-19 in the United States.

The Use of Communication Satellites for the Delivery of Education and Training Services: A Brief History, and a Look at the Present and Future

1979 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Polcyn
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Federal Communications Commission ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Business Systems ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Government Education ◽  
Radio Corporation Of America ◽  
And Training

The United States began to think seriously about a domestic satellite in the late 60's. Educational interests were one of the first to begin lobbying for the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to rule that carriers provide special rates. In 1969, Alaskans asked the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to use the Applications Technology Satellite Number 1 (ATS-1) for medical and education research. By 1970, the FCC decided to ask for proposals for domestic satellite systems to include provisions for low cost or free public services with special emphasis on education. Eight companies responded. After holding hearings throughout 1972, the FCC decided that sufficient information was not available about the economic viability of satellites to pursue the education topic. The first domestic satellite was provided by Western Union in 1974 followed by Radio Corporation of America (RCA) in 1975 and American Telephone & Telegraph (AT&T) in 1977; Satellite Business Systems (SBS) Corporation will provide another system in 1980. American Satellite Corporation began offering services in 1974 using the Western Union satellite. In addition, a maritime satellite (MARISAT) initiated services in the Atlantic Ocean to the U.S. Navy and Merchant fleets in 1976. While rates for special usage can be negotiated with the satellite common carriers, most of the carriers do not offer the technology that would permit widespread use of communications satellites for education and training unless existing systems are shared by many users. With the continuing proliferation of usage by business, industry and government, education may be able to negotiate the sharing of time and costs with these entities and obtain services which normally would be out of reach in the foreseeable future.

scholarly journals Governing Public-Private Partnerships: The Problem of Low-Cost Decisions

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Karsten Mause
Keyword(s):  
Public Choice ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Economic Incentive ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Simple Explanation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Infrastructure Provision ◽  
Public Choice Perspective ◽  
The Individual

In many cases, the expected efficiency advantages of public-private partnership (PPP) projects as a specific form of infrastructure provision did not materialize ex post. From a Public Choice perspective, one simple explanation for many of the problems surrounded by the governance of PPPs is that the public decision-makers being involved in the process of initiating and implementing PPP projects (namely, politicians and public bureaucrats) in many situations make low- cost decisions in the sense of Kirchgässner (1948–2017). That is, their decisions may have a high impact on the wealth of the jurisdiction in which the PPP is located (most notably, on the welfare of citizen-taxpayers in this jurisdiction) but, at the same time, these decisions often only have a low impact on the private welfare of the individual decision-makers in politics and bureaucracy. The latter, for example, in many settings often have a low economic incentive to monitor/control what the private-sector partners are doing (or not doing) within a PPP arrangement. The purpose of this paper is to draw greater attention to the problems created by low-cost decisions for the governance of PPPs. Moreover, the paper discusses potential remedies arising from the viewpoint of Public Choice and Constitutional Political Economy.

Community Experiments in Public Health Law and Policy

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (S1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela K. McGowan ◽  
Gretchen G. Musicant ◽  
Sharonda R. Williams ◽  
Virginia R. Niehaus
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Level ◽  
United States Constitution ◽  
Health States ◽  
The Public ◽  
Police Powers ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
Improve Health

Community-level legal and policy innovations or “experiments” can be important levers to improve health. States and localities are empowered through the 10th Amendment of the United States Constitution to use their police powers to protect the health and welfare of the public. Many legal and policy tools are available, including: the power to tax and spend; regulation; mandated education or disclosure of information, modifying the environment — whether built or natural (e.g., zoning, clean water laws); and indirect regulation (e.g., court rulings, or deregulation). These legal and policy interventions can be targeted to specific needs at the community level and are often relatively low-cost, but high impact interventions. As every community is different, effective laws and policies will vary. This freedom allows states and localities to, as Justice Louis Brandeis argued, truly serve as “laboratories of democracy.”

scholarly journals A Bibliometric Analysis of Crowdsourcing in the Field of Public Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 3825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang ◽  
Xia ◽  
Li ◽  
Wang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Specific Role ◽  
The Public ◽  
Emerging Trends

With the characteristics of low cost and open call, crowdsourcing has been widely adopted in many fields, particularly to support the use of surveys, data processing, and the monitoring of public health. The objective of the current study is to analyze the applications, hotspots, and emerging trends of crowdsourcing in the field of public health. Using CiteSpace for the visualization of scientific maps, this study explores the analysis of time-scope, countries and institutions, authors, published journals, keywords, co-references, and citation clusters. The results show that the United States is the country with the most publications regarding crowdsourcing applications for public health. Howe and Brabham are the two leading authors in this field. Further, most of the articles published in this field are found in medical and comprehensive journals. Crowdsourcing in public health is increasing and diversifying. The results of this study will enable and support the analysis of the specific role of crowdsourcing in the public health ecosystem.

scholarly journals Athletic Trainer Services in US Private Secondary Schools

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 717-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Pike ◽  
Riana R. Pryor ◽  
Stephanie M. Mazerolle ◽  
Rebecca L. Stearns ◽  
Douglas J. Casa
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
School Administrators ◽  
School Setting ◽  
The United States ◽  
Athletic Trainer ◽  
Full Time ◽  
The Public

Context: Availability of athletic trainer (AT) services in US secondary schools has recently been reported to be as high as 70%, but this only describes the public sector. The extent of AT coverage in private secondary school settings has yet to be investigated and may differ from the public secondary school setting for several reasons, including differences in funding sources. Objective: To determine the level of AT services in US private secondary schools and identify the reasons why some schools did not employ ATs. Design: Concurrent mixed-methods study. Setting: Private secondary schools in the United States. Patients or Other Participants: Of 5414 private secondary schools, 2044 (38%) responded to the survey. Main Outcome Measure(s): School administrators responded to the survey via telephone or e-mail. This instrument was previously used in a study examining AT services among public secondary schools. Descriptive statistics provided national data. Open-ended questions were evaluated through content analysis. Results: Of the 2044 schools that responded, 58% (1176/2044) offered AT services, including 28% (574/2040) full time, 25% (501/2042) part time, 4% (78/1918) per diem, and 20% (409/2042) from a hospital or clinic. A total of 84% (281 285/336 165) of athletes had access to AT services. Larger private secondary schools were more likely to have AT services available. Barriers to providing AT services in the private sector were budgetary constraints, school size and sports, and lack of awareness of the role of an AT. Conclusions: More than half of the surveyed private secondary schools in the United States had AT services available; however, only 28% had a full-time AT. This demonstrates the need for increased medical coverage to provide athletes in this setting the appropriate level of care. Budgetary concerns, size of the school and sport offerings, and lack of awareness of the role of the AT continued to be barriers in the secondary school setting.

scholarly journals The Needs and Priorities for Government Grants for Traditional Korean Medicine: Comparing the Public and Traditional Korean Medicine Doctors

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Kyung Hyun
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Traditional Korean Medicine ◽  
Korean Medicine ◽  
Government Grants ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research Facilities ◽  
And Training

This study was conducted to compare the need for research and development (R&D) of Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM) perceived by the public and Traditional Korean Medicine doctor (KMD) in. Survey data from 2462 people and KMD were utilized for this study. Overall, 25.10% of the public and 90.91% of KMD answered that government grants for TKM R&D were “extremely necessary.” The majority of respondents reported that grants were needed “for the advancement of science and technology in TKM” (public, 46.28%; KMD, 34.08%). Research regarding herbal medicine was the top priority of TKM R&D in both groups. However, “research facilities and training for researchers (27.85%)” was a close second priority of the public, but not KMD. Moreover, the public believed that safety from adverse effects and toxicity was a more important area of R&D in each discipline, but KMD did not find these to be important. The public and KMD generally agreed on the need for government grants for TKM R&D, but the public was more interested in safety than KMD. Therefore, government policy decision makers must consider opinions of both the public and KMD when planning government grants.

scholarly journals THE AMAZON AS A LOW-COST ARENA IN THE COLD WAR'S GAME OF POWER? THE CASE OF THE AMAZONIAN GREAT LAKES PROJECT (1964-1968)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 682
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Lovejoy ◽  
Fábio Albergaria de Queiroz
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Brazilian History

The article examines an underexplored episode of the Brazilian history in the context of the Cold War: the role of the Hudson Institute in South America and the proposal to create a large lacustrine system in the Amazon domains. From the analysis of official documents and literary registers, some of them little-known from the public, we attempted to identify the existence of a relationship between the aforementioned project and the Cold War systemic agenda and, also, the role of Brazil in this paradigmatic moment of the contemporary history. Evidences did not allow us to point out a clear connection between the Amazon Great Lakes Project and the dynamics of the United States-Soviet Union political disputes, even though they have shown that such an enterprise, if carried out, could make the Hylea a low-cost arena for the achievement of U.S. interests in the Cold War's game of power.

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