scholarly journals Systematic Review of Active Travel to School Surveillance in the United States And Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-141
Author(s):  
Mary Wolfe ◽  
Noreen McDonald ◽  
Emily Ussery ◽  
Stephanie George ◽  
Kathleen Watson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
North America ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Active Travel ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
School Travel ◽  
Travel Mode ◽  
Active Travel To School ◽  
School Surveillance

Active travel to school is one way youth can incorporate physical activity into their daily schedule. It is unclear the extent to which active travel to school is systematically monitored at local, state, or national levels. To determine the extent of active travel to school surveillance in North America and catalog the types of measures captured, we conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature documenting active travel to school surveillance published from 2004 to February 2018. A study was included if it addressed children’s school travel mode across two or more time-periods in North America. Criteria were applied to determine whether a data source was considered an active travel to school surveillance system. We identified 15 unique data sources; 4 of these met our surveillance system criteria. One system is conducted in the US, is nationally representative, and occurs every 5-8 years. Three are conducted in Canada, are limited geographically to regions and provinces, and are administered with greater frequency (e.g., 2-year cycles).  School travel mode was the primary measure assessed, most commonly through parent report. None of the systems collected data on school policies or program supports related to active travel to school. We conclude that incorporating questions related to active travel to school behaviors into existing surveillance systems, and maintaining them over time, would enable more consistent monitoring. Concurrently capturing behavioral information along with related environmental, policy, and program supports may inform efforts to promote active travel to school.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Point of Need Diagnostic Tests for Use in California Influenza Outbreaks

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashlynn Daughton ◽  
Alina Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Data Streams ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Influenza Outbreaks

Because of the potential threats flu viruses pose, the United States, like many developed countries, has a very well established flu surveillance system consisting of 10 components collecting laboratory data, mortality data, hospitalization data and sentinel outpatient care data. Currently, this surveillance system is estimated to lag behind the actual seasonal outbreak by one to two weeks. As new data streams come online, it is important to understand what added benefit they bring to the flu surveillance system complex. For data streams to be effective, they should provide data in a more timely fashion or provide additional data that current surveillance systems cannot provide. Two multiplexed diagnostic tools designed to test syndromically relevant pathogens and wirelessly upload data for rapid integration and interpretation were evaluated to see how they fit into the influenza surveillance scheme in California.

scholarly journals Development and First Year Results of a Psychosocial Surveillance System for Chronic Disease Related Health Behaviors

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (SI) ◽  
pp. 54-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay E. Maddock ◽  
Carrie S. Marshall ◽  
Claudio R. Nigg ◽  
Jodi D. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Target Behaviors

Chronic diseases account for 7 out of 10 deaths in the United States and 60% of the Nation’s health care expenses. Tobacco use, lack of physical activity and poor nutrition account for one third of US mortality. Behavioral surveillance systems such as the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) provide information on rates of behavior in the population and among different demographic categories. While these systems are essential for health promotion they do not assist the health educator in understanding psychosocial factors which may be related to the rates. A psychosocial surveillance system can aid in understanding the behavior change process and in the readiness of the population for behavior change. Results can assist states and localities in targeting health promotion messages and programs and can help in the allocation of often scarce health promotion funds. In 2000, the Hawaii Department of Health launched the Healthy Hawaii Initiative, a statewide program to reduce tobacco use, increase physical activity, and improve nutrition. As part of the evaluation, researchers at the University of Hawaii implemented a psychosocial surveillance system for the three target behaviors to assess changes in hypothesized mediators including stage of change, self efficacy, attitude and social norms. A random digit dial survey was conducted in the Spring and Fall of 2002 with 4,706 and 4,555 participants, respectively. Results show stability in the demographic characteristics and health behaviors of the sample but changes in the psychosocial variables. Several possible areas for interventions and messaging are demonstrated. A psychosocial surveillance system can be an important tool for health promotion and can lead to better understanding of health behaviors and attitudes.

Is a Change to Active Travel to School an Important Source of Physical Activity for Chinese Children?

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Y. Huang ◽  
Stephen H. Wong ◽  
Gang He
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Linear Mixed Models ◽  
Active Travel ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Travel Mode ◽  
Age Related ◽  
One Year ◽  
Active Travel To School

This study investigated the association between a change in travel mode to school and one-year changes in physical activity (PA) among children in Hong Kong. Data from 677 children aged 7–10 years (56% boys) who participated in the Understanding Children’s Activity and Nutrition (UCAN) study were analyzed. During the 2010/11 and 2011/12 school years, the children wore an accelerometer for a week and their parents completed a questionnaire about the children’s modes of travel to school and nonschool destinations. Associations between a change in the mode of travel to school and changes in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) were determined using linear mixed models, adjusting for covariates. Compared with children who consistently used passive travel modes, a change from passive to active travel to school was positively associated with changes in the percentage of time spent in MVPA (b = 1.32, 95% CI = 0.63, 2.02) and MVPA min/day (b = 10.97, 95% CI = 5.26, 16.68) on weekdays. Similar results were found for weekly MVPA. Promoting active travel to school may help to combat age-related decline in PA for some Chinese children. However, maintaining active travel to school may not be sufficient to halt the decreasing trend in MVPA with age.

scholarly journals Designing Alternatives to China’s Repressive Surveillance State

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dahlia Peterson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Surveillance Systems

China has built a surveillance state that has increasingly incorporated AI-enabled technologies. Their use during the COVID-19 pandemic has softened the image of China’s surveillance system, presenting unique challenges to preventing the spread of such technologies around the globe. This policy brief outlines core actions the United States and its allies can take to combat the spread of surveillance systems that threaten basic human rights.

Poison Control Centers' Role in Glow Product-Related Outbreak Detection: Implications for Comprehensive Surveillance System

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin F. Chu ◽  
Steven M. Marcus ◽  
Bruce Ruck
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
The United States ◽  
Outbreak Detection ◽  
Poison Control ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Code Number ◽  
Poison Control Centers ◽  
Comprehensive Surveillance

AbstractIntroduction:The development of syndromic surveillance systems to detect bioterrorist attacks and emerging infectious diseases has become an important and challenging goal to many governmental agencies and healthcare authorities. This study utilized the sharp increase of glow product-related calls to demonstrate the utility of poison ontrol data for early detection of potential outbreaks during the week of Halloween in 2007.Methods:A review was conducted of the electronic records of exposures reported to the New Jersey Poison Information and Education System NJPIES) Poison Control Hotline from 2002 through 2007 with generic code number 0201027 (glow products) set by the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC). Key information such as age, gender, time of the call, exposure reason, clinical effects, and medical outcomes along with telephone number, zip code, and county location were used in the analyses to determine the extent of the outbreak.Results:Analyses included a total of 139 glow product-related calls during the week of Halloween in 2007 with a single-day high of 59 calls on Halloween Day. More than 90% of the glow product exposures were in children 1–10 years of age. The glow product-related calls on Halloween Day increased from 14 calls in 2002 to 59 calls in 2007, a 321% increase during a six-year period.Conclusions:Poison control centers in the United States are equipped with a unique and uniform input data collection system—the National Poison Data System—that provides an important data source in the development of a comprehensive surveillance system for early outbreak detection.

Framework for the Development of Response Protocols for Public Health Syndromic Surveillance Systems: Case Studies of 8 US States

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (S1) ◽  
pp. S29-S36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori Uscher-Pines ◽  
Corey L. Farrell ◽  
Steven M. Babin ◽  
Jacqueline Cattani ◽  
Charlotte A. Gaydos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Syndromic Surveillance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
System Response ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Health Departments ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Syndromic Surveillance System

ABSTRACTObjectives: To describe current syndromic surveillance system response protocols in health departments from 8 diverse states in the United States and to develop a framework for health departments to use as a guide in initial design and/or enhancement of response protocols.Methods: Case study design that incorporated in-depth interviews with health department staff, textual analysis of response plans, and a Delphi survey of syndromic surveillance response experts.Results: All 8 states and 30 of the 33 eligible health departments agreed to participate (91% response rate). Fewer than half (48%) of surveyed health departments had a written response protocol, and health departments reported conducting in-depth investigations on fewer than 15% of syndromic surveillance alerts. A convened panel of experts identified 32 essential elements for inclusion in public health protocols for response to syndromic surveillance system alerts.Conclusions: Because of the lack of guidance, limited resources for development of response protocols, and few examples of syndromic surveillance detecting previously unknown events of public health significance, health departments have not prioritized the development and refinement of response protocols. Systems alone, however, are not effective without an organized public health response. The framework proposed here can guide health departments in creating protocols that will be standardized, tested, and relevant given their goals with such systems. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2009;3(Suppl 1):S29–S36)

scholarly journals Promoting active travel to school: a systematic review (2010–2016)

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Pang ◽  
Krzysztof Kubacki ◽  
Sharyn Rundle-Thiele
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Active Travel ◽  
Active Travel To School

scholarly journals The Chlamydia surveillance system in Sweden delivers relevant and accurate data: results from the system evaluation, 1997-2008

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (27) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Riera-Montes ◽  
I Velicko
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Medical Officer ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
The United States ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
And Control

This study evaluates the ability of the Chlamydia surveillance system to provide relevant information to inform prevention and control activities in Sweden. The system was evaluated, according to the Guidelines for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Systems from the United States Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, using surveillance data from 1997 to 2008. We interviewed staff from the Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, the National Board of Health and Welfare and one county medical officer (CMO). We conducted a survey among laboratories, CMOs and a sample of clinics. Satisfaction with the system was good for 86% of CMOs, all laboratories, and 99% of clinics. The interviewed stakeholders considered the system to deliver relevant and accurate information that is useful for health policy decision making. However, the objectives for Chlamydia surveillance should be clearly defined in order to adapt the system requirements, simplify data collection and improve timeliness.

Evaluations on Several National Injury Surveillance Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 321-324 ◽  
pp. 2596-2601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Zhang ◽  
Jin Xing Wang ◽  
Yoshiki Mikami
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Injury Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Evaluation Result ◽  
On Line ◽  
The U.S

On-line Queries were conducted on three injury surveillance systems implemented in Japan, the United States and the European Union. Attributes such as simplicity, representativeness, and data quality of each surveillance system were evaluated. The evaluation result shows that the system in the U.S. has a better performance.

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