scholarly journals Type 2 diabetes in women of reproductive age

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna M. Williams ◽  
Kathryn Evans Kreider
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Nurse Practitioners ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in women of reproductive age ranges from 3% to 7%. Due to the common nature of this condition, it is imperative for nurse practitioners who care for women to understand evidence-based methods of diabetes management. The aim of this article is to describe current screening and diagnostic criteria for type 2 diabetes, discuss current evidence-based management and patient education necessary to prevent long-term complications, and provide the tools for a healthy reproductive plan in women with type 2 diabetes from puberty until menopause. Diabetes management extends well beyond glucose control, and nurse practitioners should be attuned to all factors that can impact cardiovascular risk and quality of life.

Development and validation of a tool for predicting type 2 diabetes in Mexican women of reproductive age

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 578-585
Author(s):  
Fabiola Mabel Del Razo-Olvera ◽  
Enrique Reyes-Muñoz ◽  
Rosalba Rojas-Martínez ◽  
Fernando Guerrero-Romero ◽  
Roopa Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Mexican Women ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Development And Validation

scholarly journals Making the Transition to Insulin Therapy: The Experiences of Samoan People with Type 2 Diabetes in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sera Tapu-Ta'ala
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Health Care ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Pacific People ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive

<p>Background Pacific people are dying younger compared to other New Zealanders because of complications resulting from uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus. Good diabetes control is achievable with early use of insulin because of its effectiveness, and proven long term benefits to quality of life. An understanding of how Samoan people with type 2 diabetes make their transition to insulin therapy will assist in understanding how insulin is perceived, which will inform health care professionals in their work with those diagnosed with diabetes. Aim of Research The aim of the research is to explore and describe how Samoan people with type 2 diabetes in New Zealand made the transition to insulin therapy for better glycaemic control. Design The Fonofale Model was used as the theoretical framework, from which to understand Samoan peoples' experiences. This research used a qualitative descriptive methodology. In-depth interviews were used to gather the stories of four Samoan participants over the age of 18 years diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The data was analysed using thematic analysis. Findings Three major themes emerged from the analysis of the participants' stories. These were: living with diabetes, making the transition to insulin therapy and realisation. The findings led to the creation of the Ia Malu model, which describes the experiences of the participants in this study. Conclusion This study confirmed that there are immense challenges and struggles encountered by people with diabetes. Their adjustment to the illness as well as making the transition to using insulin takes time. As a result of this, it is fundamental for nurses/health care professionals to understand that this is the reality for these people, and they must therefore provide time for people to adjust.</p>

scholarly journals Low and reduced carbohydrate diets: challenges and opportunities for type 2 diabetes management and prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaitong Churuangsuk ◽  
Michael E. J. Lean ◽  
Emilie Combet
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Clinical Endpoints

Low-carbohydrate diets (LCD) have been promoted for weight control and type 2 diabetes (T2D) management, based on an emerging body of evidence, including meta-analyses with an indication of publication bias. Proposed definitions vary between 50 and 130 g/d, or <10 and <40 % of energy from carbohydrate, with no consensus on LCD compositional criteria. LCD are usually followed with limited consideration for other macronutrients in the overall diet composition, introducing variance in the constituent foods and in metabolic responses. For weight management, extensive evidence supports LCD as a valid weight loss treatment, up to 1–2 years. Solely lowering carbohydrate intake does not, in the medium/long term, reduce HbA1c for T2D prevention or treatment, as many mechanisms interplay. Under controlled feeding conditions, LCD are not physiologically or clinically superior to diets with higher carbohydrates for weight-loss, fat loss, energy expenditure or glycaemic outcomes; indeed, all metabolic improvements require weight loss. Long-term evidence also links the LCD pattern to increased CVD risks and mortality. LCD can lead to micronutrient deficiencies and increased LDL-cholesterol, depending on food selection to replace carbohydrates. Evidence is limited but promising regarding food choices/sources to replace high-carbohydrate foods that may alleviate the negative effects of LCD, demanding further insight into the dietary practice of medium to long term LCD followers. Long-term, high-quality studies of LCD with different food sources (animal and/or plant origins) are needed, aiming for clinical endpoints (T2D incidence and remission, cardiovascular events, mortality). Ensuring micronutrient adequacy by food selection or supplementation should be considered for people who wish to pursue long-term LCD.

The overtreatment of type 2 diabetes in frail older people

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 496-502
Author(s):  
Hannah Syed
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Older People ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Frail Older People ◽  
Good Glycaemic Control

Intensive treatment with insulin and sulfonylureas in older people with low HbA1c (<53mmol/mol) can increase the risk of hypoglycaemia, morbidity and mortality. Older people, particularly those with frailty and/or comorbidities are less likely to benefit from the long-term protective effects of good glycaemic control and are often at risk of inappropriate polypharmacy. A person-centred holistic approach to diabetes management must be adapted for older people living with diabetes.

scholarly journals Exploration of Fatalism and Religiosity by Gender and Varying Levels of Engagement Among Mexican-American Adults of a Type 2 Diabetes Management Program

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy Lynn Salazar-Collier ◽  
Belinda M. Reininger ◽  
Anna V. Wilkinson ◽  
Steven H. Kelder
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Care Management Program ◽  
Diabetes Management Program

Objectives: Purpose of study is to explore the roles religiosity and fatalistic beliefs play in diabetes management among newly, currently, and long-term enrolled Mexican-American participants in a Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) chronic care management program.Methods: In 2017, study participants (n = 15) completed a semi-structured interview in their preferred language (English or Spanish). Sample was stratified by amount of time individual had been enrolled as a participant of the Salud y Vida program: newly, currently, or long-term. Interviews assessed religious beliefs, beliefs concerning the cause(s) of diabetes, perceived relationship between religiosity and fatalistic beliefs with T2DM management, and the appropriateness of discussing such topics with a health professional. Interview responses were analyzed using ATLAS.ti 8.Results: Themes identified included: perceived autonomy over diabetes prognosis, motivators for self-care, discussions of personal beliefs in the healthcare setting, and the church's role in diabetes management.Conclusions: Among this sample, religiosity and religious fatalism played a complex role in coping with and managing diabetes. Long-term enrolled and male participants expressed beliefs of divine control over health, and a connection between religiosity and health behavior. Long-term enrolled participants felt religious and fatalistic beliefs may be suitable and beneficial to discuss in the healthcare setting.

scholarly journals Quantifying Remission Probability in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 850-859
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kalra ◽  
Ganapathi Bantwal ◽  
Nitin Kapoor ◽  
Rakesh Sahay ◽  
Saptarshi Bhattacharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Progressive Disorder ◽  
Medical Nutrition

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic progressive disorder and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The concept of T2DM remission and the reversal of diabetic parameters to normal levels has been gaining momentum over the past years. T2DM remission is increasingly being recognized by various global guidelines. Multiple models have been developed and validated for quantifying the extent of remission achieved. Based on favorable clinical evidence, T2DM remission can be considered as the therapeutic goal in diabetes management and, in select cases, as an alternative to expensive treatment options, which can be burdensome as T2DM progresses. This narrative review discusses the available strategies, such as lifestyle interventions, physical activity, bariatric surgery, medical nutrition therapy, and non-insulin glucose-lowering medications, for achieving T2DM remission. Although the concept of T2DM remission has emerged as a real-world option, effective implementation in routine clinical practice may not be feasible until long-term studies prove the efficacy of different approaches in this regard.

An evidence‐based approach to developing low‐carbohydrate diets for type 2 diabetes management: A systematic review of interventions and methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 2513-2525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Turton ◽  
Grant D. Brinkworth ◽  
Rowena Field ◽  
Helen Parker ◽  
Kieron Rooney
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Low Carbohydrate
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