Development and validation of a tool for predicting type 2 diabetes in Mexican women of reproductive age

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in women of reproductive age ranges from 3% to 7%. Due to the common nature of this condition, it is imperative for nurse practitioners who care for women to understand evidence-based methods of diabetes management. The aim of this article is to describe current screening and diagnostic criteria for type 2 diabetes, discuss current evidence-based management and patient education necessary to prevent long-term complications, and provide the tools for a healthy reproductive plan in women with type 2 diabetes from puberty until menopause. Diabetes management extends well beyond glucose control, and nurse practitioners should be attuned to all factors that can impact cardiovascular risk and quality of life.

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus and vitamin D deficiency among women of reproductive age

Endocrine Abstracts ◽

10.1530/endoabs.73.ep101 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ivan Pankiv

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age

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The impact of type 2 diabetes on women’s health and well-being during their reproductive years: A mixed-methods systematic review

Current Diabetes Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573399817666210118144743 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Aycan Celik ◽

Rita Forde ◽

Simona Racaru ◽

Angus Forbes ◽

Jackie Sturt

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Mixed Methods ◽

Well Being ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Modifiable Risk Factors ◽

Health Issues ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Health And Well Being

Background: The incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) among younger women now accounts for 40% of females with T2DM. Women of reproductive age with T2DM have additional health considerations and their needs may differ from older populations. Objectives: To identify the health issues encountered by women aged 16-45 years living with T2DM; to determine the modifiable risk factors associated with living with diabetes; to specify ideas for interventions to meet age and genderspecific diabetes-related healthcare needs. Methods: A systematic search was performed in the following databases; MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Maternity and Infant Care. Databases were searched without time and study design limits. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to assess the methodological quality of included studies. Data were narratively synthesised due to the mixed methods evidence included. Results: A total of 32 papers were included in the review from which six domains were identified from the synthesis: (1) diabetes related modifiable risk factors: blood glucose, cardiovascular risk, neuropathy/nephropathy/retinopathy, diabetes self-management barriers (2) reproductive health: diabetes care before pregnancy, pre-pregnancy care barriers and expectations of women, contraceptive use (3) psychosocial wellbeing: depression symptoms and diabetes distress, perception of T2DM, emotional concerns about pregnancy (4) sexual function; (5) menopause; (6) sociocultural factors: social support, cultural norms. Conclusion: This review highlighted specific health issues affecting women of reproductive age with T2DM and which represent an important focus for health services research and health care delivery. Future research needs to address identified health domains to improve women’s health and well-being living with T2DM. Prospero Registration number: CRD42019146535.

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Complex diseases and co-morbidities: polycystic ovary syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Endocrine Connections ◽

10.1530/ec-18-0502 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. R71-R75 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Raymond J Rodgers ◽

Jodie C Avery ◽

Vivienne M Moore ◽

Michael J Davies ◽

Ricardo Azziz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Population Attributable Risk ◽

Complex Diseases ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Increased Risk

Objective Many complex diseases exhibit co-morbidities often requiring management by more than one health specialist. We examined cross-speciality issues that ultimately affect the health and wellbeing of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS was originally described as a reproductive condition but is now recognised to also be a metabolic and psychological condition affecting 8–13% of women of reproductive age. With a four-fold increased risk of type 2 diabetes (DM2), the Population Attributable Risk of DM2 that could be avoided if PCOS were eliminated is a substantial 19–28% of women of reproductive age. To determine the extent to which PCOS is an important consideration in diabetes development, we examined publications, funding, guidelines and predictors of risk of developing DM2. Results We found that the topic of PCOS appeared in specialist diabetes journals at only 10% the rate seen in endocrinology journals – about 1 in 500 articles. We found research funding to be substantially less than for diabetes and found that diabetes guidelines and predictive tools for DM2 risk mostly ignore PCOS. This is surprising since insulin resistance in women with PCOS has a different aetiology and additionally women with PCOS are at increased risk of becoming overweight or obese – high risk factors for DM2. Conclusions We consider the causes of these concerning anomalies and discuss current activities to address the co-morbidities of PCOS, including the recent development of international guidelines, an international PCOS awareness program and potentially changing the name of PCOS to better reflect its metabolic consequences.

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