scholarly journals A Morphological Study on Gross Anatomical Variations of Embalmed Cadaveric Livers

Esculapio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (03, july 2020-Septmber 2020) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliya Zahid ◽  
Brishna Khan ◽  
Saira Munawar
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Caudate Lobe ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Radiological Images ◽  
Left Caudate ◽  
Liver Surface ◽  
The Right ◽  
Medical University

Objective: To find out gross anatomical variations of embalmed cadaveric livers. Methods: Present study was conducted in dissection halls of Anatomy departments of Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Sahiwal Medical College, Sahiwal and Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore during 2016-2019. In this study, 74 livers were dissected out from embalmed cadavers and preserved in 10% formalin. Different morphological variations were observed in livers which included presence of accessory lobes, accessory sulci, notches, changes in size and shape of lobes. Liver specimens were photographed and classified according to Netter's classification of morphological variations of liver. Results: The hepatic morphological variations observed included accessory fissures in the right, left, caudate and quadrate lobes of the liver, accessory lobes, elongated left lobe, hypoplastic left lobe, multiple deep diaphragmatic sulci, pons hepatis, Reidel's lobe, notched borders and bilobed caudate lobe. Conclusion: The knowledge of various variations in morphology of cadaveric livers may help the radiologists to make accurate interpretation of the radiological images, thus minimizing the chances of incorrect reporting. It may also be helpful to the hepatobiliary surgeons to be aware of the morphological variations on the liver surface to avoid surgical complications. Key Words: Embalmed cadaveric livers, accessory lobes, accessory fissures

scholarly journals The center of the human porta hepatis

Medicina ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 694
Author(s):  
Saulius Rutkauskas ◽  
Vytautas Gedrimas ◽  
Tomas Čičinskas ◽  
Aurimas Savulis ◽  
Algidas Basevičius
Keyword(s):  
Vena Cava ◽  
Caudate Lobe ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Porta Hepatis ◽  
Liver Lobe ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Liver Surface ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
Human Livers ◽  
The Right

Majority of interventional procedures are made at the porta hepatis, which has a different location on the visceral surface of the liver. Objective. To describe the location of the porta hepatis in respect of the borders of the visceral surface and separate lobes of the liver. Material and methods. Sixty-four human livers were obtained at autopsy (mean age, 45 years). We chose the point of the crossing of longitudinal and transversal lines of the porta hepatis, which was considered as center of the porta hepatis. The distances from the center of the porta hepatis to the border of the visceral surface every 10 degrees with protractor and ruler and the angles of anatomical structures were measured. Additionally, the borders of lobes were assessed. Results. We found that center of the porta hepatis is located approximately 11.6±2.8 cm from the border of the visceral liver surface. The location of center of the porta hepatis was 11.6±1.1 cm from the border of left lobe, 9.7±1.5 cm from the border of quadrate lobe, 12.3±1.2 cm from the border of right lobe, and 7.4±1.0 cm from the border of caudate lobe. All distances were statistically significant (P<0.05). An angle of the fissure for round ligament was 50.5°, of the fossa of gallbladder – 102°, of the groove of vena cava inferior – 266°, and of the fissure for ligamentum venosum – 293°. The borders of the right, left, quadrate, and caudate liver lobe covered 45.6%, 32.6%, 14.3%, and 7.5% of the perimeter of visceral surface border, respectively. Conclusions. The center of the porta hepatis can help to characterize precisely the position of the porta hepatis on the visceral surface of the liver.

RIGHT HEPATIC ARTEY: CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF VARIATIONS IN THE ORIGIN AND ITS RELATIONS WITH THE COMMON HEPATIC DUCT

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-47
Author(s):  
Sabeersha. S ◽  
K.S. Krishnakumari
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Artery ◽  
Hepatic Duct ◽  
Celiac Trunk ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Common Hepatic Duct ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Right Hepatic Artery ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Right

The right hepatic artery is an end artery and contributes sole arterial supply to right lobe of the liver . It also supplies the gall bladder, cystic duct, common hepatic duct and upper and middle part of common bile duct. Normal hepatic arterial anatomy occurs in approximately in 80% of cases, for the remaining 20% multiple variations have been described. Misinterpretation of anatomical variations of the right hepatic artery contribute to the major intraoperative mishaps and complications in hepatobiliary surgery. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study conducted on 50 cadavers in Department of Anatomy,Govt Medical College, Kozhikode to document the normal anatomy and different variations of right hepatic artery regarding its origin and relation with the common hepatic duct. Results : Right hepatic artery had its origin from proper hepatic artery in 47 (94%) cases, in one case the artery came from common hepatic artery, aberrant origin of right hepatic artery was seen in 4% cases, one case from celiac trunk directly and the other from superior mesenteric artery. Relation with common hepatic duct : In 46 cases (92%) the artery (normal and aberrant) passes posterior to common hepatic duct. In 6%, the artery was related anterior to common hepatic duct. In one case the artery was medial to the common hepatic duct. Conclusions : This study highlights the importance of knowledge of such anomalies since their awareness will decrease morbidity and help to keep away from a number of surgical complications.

Location of liver lacerations resulting from deceleration injuries and a proposal for their classification

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (SUPLEMENT) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Piotr Arkuszewski
Keyword(s):  
Left Lobe ◽  
Falciform Ligament ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Liver Rupture ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
Coronary Ligament ◽  
The Right ◽  
Inference Methods ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Deceleration Trauma

Purpose: The aim of the study was to verify during forensic autopsies the occurrence of liver lacerations resulting from deceleration traumas in the locations reported in professional literature, and also to check whether they are located near the left coronary ligament and its extension, i.e. the left triangular liver ligament. Methods: The liver injuries were assessed on the base of cases of forensic autopsies, performed at the Department of Forensic Medicine of the Medical University of Lodz from 1 of September 2011 to 15 of April 2014. In order to analyze the collected data, descriptive methods and statistical inference methods were used. Results: Three types of liver rupture turned out to be characteristic and statistically significant: 1 – on the diaphragmatic surface of the right lobe between its two sectors; 2 – within the left lobe to the right (in segment IV) or to the left (in segment III) of the falciform ligament; 3 – located near the left coronary ligament (in segment II). Conclusions: Typical location of liver lacerations after deceleration trauma, i. e. the right triangular ligament and falciform ligament, are confirmed in the analysed autopsy material. The place not previously described in the literature, which should be regarded as a characteristic location of a liver rupture after deceleration trauma is the diaphragmatic surface of segment II of the left lobe.

scholarly journals Morphological Variations in the Anatomy of Caecum and Appendix - A Cadaveric Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 030-035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arindom Banerjee ◽  
I. Anil Kumar ◽  
Arunabha Tapadar ◽  
M Pranay
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Surgery ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Iliac Fossa ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Vermiform Appendix ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Abdominal Operations ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background : Appendicitis is one of the most common clinical conditions that require emergency surgery. Variations in anatomical location of appendix can result in different clinical presentations. Anatomical and topographical variations of the caecum are also known to occur. Anatomical variations in caecum have been observed along with the appendix in this study. Aims: To study the variations in the size, shape, position and arterial supply of the caecum and appendix in individuals of different sex and age, a thorough knowledge of which will aid surgeons in performing various abdominal operations in adults and children. Material and methods: The study was carried out on 25 adult cadavers over a period of 3 years. The anatomy of caecum and appendix was studied in detail. Results : The normal position of caecum and appendix in adult cadavers was found to be in the right iliac fossa. In all specimens the shape of caecum was adult (ampullary) type and it was supplied normally in all cases from a branch of the superior mesenteric artery. The appendix was found in the retro-caecal position in majority of cases with a complete meso-appendix in four and an additional blood supply via the artery of Sesachalam was found in two cases. Conclusions: Vermiform appendix is characterized by variability of its location and morphology. The ultimate position of the appendix is influenced by the changes in position and shape which the caecum undergoes during development and growth. The present study observed the appendix and caecum to be found in their normal positions in majority of cases. The average length of caecum and appendix was found to be more in males as compared with females. Appendicitis is one of the most common diseases that need emergency surgery. Variations in anatomical position cause different clinical presentations. A thorough knowledge of normal anatomy and variations of the caecum and appendix is very important to the surgeon performing abdominal operations in adults, children and infants as it helps them to make optimal diagnosis of various pathological conditions related to these organs and treat accordingly.

scholarly journals Variações anatômicas da morfologia hepática em diagnóstico por imagem / Anatomical variations of hepatic morphology in diagnostic imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Juliana Holanda de Gauw ◽  
Lucas Novais Bomfim ◽  
Cícera Fabrícia Simplício Gonçalves ◽  
Antônio Djalma Souza Júnior ◽  
Laís Dantas Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Anatomic Variation ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Imaging Characteristics

Introdução: As principais variações morfológicas do fígado têm seu diagnóstico geralmente incidental e feito por imagem. Algumas destas podem ser reveladas por lesões e complicações durante atos operatórios e outras por simularem patologias. Objetivos: Descrever e representar com imagens, estas variações anatômicas, para melhor identificação pelos profissionais. Materiais e Métodos: Através de tomografia computadorizada ou ressonância magnética, foram descritas cada variação, demonstrando as características radiológicas que auxiliam no diagnóstico. As imagens utilizadas neste artigo são pertencentes ao acervo dos autores. Resultados: Foram abordadas as principais variações hepáticas (lobo de Riedel, processo papilar, hipoplasia e alongamento lateral do lobo esquerdo e agenesia lobar) com suas respectivas descrições. Conclusão: Podemos concluir que o adequado conhecimento e a identificação das variações anatômicas hepáticas, em estudos diagnósticos, são de suma importância no intuito de evitar diagnósticos patológicos errôneos, bem como desempenha importante papel no auxílio ao planejamento das diversas abordagens cirúrgicas, reduzindo o risco de lesões iatrogênicas.Descritores: Fígado, Diagnóstico por imagem, Tomografia computadorizada, Ressonância magnética, Variação anatômica. ABSTRACT:Introduction: Morphological variations of the liver are usually discovered through incidental findings in diagnostic imaging. Some of them can be revealed by injuries and complications during surgeries, and others by mimicking pathologies. Objectives: Review the anatomical variations, describing and delineating their imaging characteristics, for better identification by professionals. Materials and methods: The variations were analyzed through computed tomography and magnetic resonance, demonstrating their imaging characteristics that aid in the diagnosis. Results: The main hepatic morphological variations (Riedel's lobe, papillary process, hypoplasia and lateral stretching of the left lobe and lobar agenesis) were discussed with their descriptions. Conclusion: We can conclude that the correct identification of these variations has the importance to avoid erroneous pathological diagnoses and serve as surgical planning, avoiding iatrogenic lesions.Keywords: Liver; diagnostic imaging; Computed tomography; Magnetic resonance; Anatomic variation.

scholarly journals Anatomical Variations of Radial Artery-Its morphology and Clinical Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tariq
Keyword(s):  
Radial Artery ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
P Value ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Terminal Branch ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
The Right

Background: The radial artery is the smaller terminal branch of the brachial artery. It is one of the most commonly used arteries for various interventions. Anatomical variations exist and can predispose patients to iatrogenic injury if the operator is unaware of normal radial artery morphology. The present study focuses on giving detailed information about radial artery measurements in our local population. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study, conducted in the anatomy department of Jinnah Medical College Peshawar from 2017 to 2018. This study was conducted on 42 formalin-fixed cadavers, yielding 84 upper limbs. The radial artery was dissected and studied; length, external and internal diameters were measured. Data was entered in SPSS v20 and analyzed. Results: The mean age of the study population was 36 ± 11.25. Male to female ratio was 1:1. The most common site of origin of the radial artery was distal to head of the radius. The right radial artery was longer than the left. The right radial artery was broader in males as compared to females with a p-value of <0.05. The external and internal diameters of the radial artery decreased gradually from start to the endpoint for both the genders. The external diameters of the left radial artery were greater than those on the right side. The right radial artery had a larger internal diameter than the left side. Conclusion: The anatomy and morphology of radial artery have many documented variations. Radiologist and surgeons should have a good understanding of normal morphological variations of radial artery.

scholarly journals Features of sonographic parameters of liver in practically healthy men of different somatotypes, in the Podilski region of Ukraine

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-89
Author(s):  
Igor Gunas ◽  
Marina Melnik ◽  
Olexandr Majewskyi ◽  
Yuriy Shevchuk
Keyword(s):  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Caudate Lobe ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
The Right ◽  
Vertical Size

Abstract The analysis of liver sonographic parameters of healthy men of the Podilski region of Ukraine who are of different somatotypes has revealed significant differences only in the thickness of the right lobe of the liver on inhalation, as well as in the width of the caudate lobe of the liver and the densitometry of the left lobe of the liver parenchyma on exhalation and during inhalation. No significant differences or trends between healthy men of different somatotypes were seen in the rest of the sonographic parameters of liver (oblique vertical size of the right lobe of the liver on exhalation and on inhalation, the thickness of the right lobe of the liver on exhalation, the cranio-caudal size of the left lobe of the liver on exhalation and inhalation, the thickness of the left lobe of the liver on exhalation and in inhalation, as well as the length of the caudate particle of the liver and densitometry of right lobe of liver parenchyma on exhalation and inhalation).

scholarly journals Study of clavicle : length and curvatures in South Indian population

2014 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 198-202
Author(s):  
R. Sudha
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Plate Fixation ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Surgical Correction ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Lateral Angle ◽  
Medical College ◽  
South Indian ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background and aim of the study: The clavicle is a subcutaneous bone most frequently fractured at the junction of its lateral and middle third of the shaft. Anatomical variations of the curvatures of clavicle can be of relevance for surgical correction procedures like intramedullary or internal plate fixation. The aim of the present study was to observe variations of length and medial and lateral angles of curvatures of the clavicle in a sample of South Indian population. Materials and methods: One hundred and thirteen unpaired clavicles (50 left side, 63 right side) of unknown sex and age were studied from the bone collection available at Anatomy departments of Annapoorana Medical College, Vinayaka Mission's Medical and Homeopathy Colleges, Salem. To measure the angles, Parsons method and a protractor was used. Length of the clavicle was measured with a Vernier Calipers. Observation: The average length of the clavicle was found to be 13.74cm left side and 13.76cm on the right side. The average medial angle of the clavicle on the left side is 146° and right side is147.5°. The average lateral angle on the left side is 144° and right side is 142.05°.The total average angle of the clavicle is 290.30° on left side and 289.59° on right side. Conclusion: The average length of the clavicle on the right side is more than the left side. The medial angle on the right side and the lateral angle on left side are more than corresponding opposite sides. These variations can be useful for the orthopaedic surgeons during the surgical correction procedures of clavicle fractures.

The classification of Antarctic appendicularians: the Oikopleura gaussica group

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.L. CAPITANIO ◽  
M.C. DAPONTE ◽  
G.B. ESNAL
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Ventral Side ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Antarctic Species ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Dorsal Edge ◽  
Degree Of Maturity ◽  
The Right

The validity of the Antarctic species of the “Oikopleura gaussica group” (O. gaussica, O. valdiviae, O. drygalskii, and O. weddelli) is discussed. The characteristics of new material from South Georgia and the Bellingshausen Sea are compared with the original descriptions. We examined 495 specimens at different stages of maturity and concluded that the characters used to differentiate these species of Oikopleura have not enough weight to justify their separation. The morphological variations found were ascribed either to intraspecific variability and/or to the different degree of maturity of the specimens examined of a single species, Oikopleura gaussica. The main taxonomic characters for the identification of this species are: the particular way in which the flat triangular gonads surround the intestinal ball like a sheath, the equal size of the two lobes of the stomach, the oesophagus entering the postero-dorsal edge of the rounded left lobe of the stomach, the presence of oval and some times lobate oral glands, and the variable number of subchordal cells (4 to 14) arranged in a single row on the right (ventral) side of the chorda.

Unidentified Liver Metastases at Ultrasonography or Computed Tomography

1984 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 385-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Suramo ◽  
M. Päivänsalo ◽  
M. Pamilo
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Hepatic Metastases ◽  
Caudate Lobe ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Dorsal Part ◽  
Image Characteristics ◽  
The Us ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
The Right

Sixty-six patients with hepatic metastases, examined by ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) with an interval of a few days between the two examinations, showed discrepancies between the US and CT findings. The US and CT images were compared lesion by lesion, and the reasons why a metastasis was missed at US or CT were analysed. Lesions larger than 3 cm in diameter could be detected at technically successful examinations with both methods. The unreliable imaging regions with US were the ventrocranial aspect of the right lobe, the caudate lobe, and in obese patients the dorsal part of the right lobe. With CT, the caudal aspect of the left lobe, the area surrounding the gallbladder, and portions beneath the ribs were most unreliably imaged. Sometimes, at either US or CT, the image characteristics of the metastasis were too similar to those of the normal parenchyma to be differentiated.

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