Centring knowledge democracy within policy-making for sustainability and resilience: A discussion of the Kenyan drylands

Culture, environment and, therefore, knowledge of socioeconomic constructs are intricately interwoven. Over the past decade or two, pastoralists without formal education in Kenyan drylands have increasingly found themselves on the receiving end of community empowerment trainings that lean towards human–wildlife conflict and environmental conservation. Why would research entities set aside mega budgets to teach the pastoralist about human–wildlife conflict? A pastoralist who has long roamed drylands with his livestock grazing alongside elephants and lions, and whose major life transition ceremonies, celebrations, songs, riddles, proverbs, sayings, poetry and jokes fundamentally feature wildlife. What makes these trainings in ‘imparting knowledge’ superior to the ‘indigenous knowledge’ already in the custody of the Borana or the Turkana or the Rendile? This article explores the relevance of community-based knowledges in addressing sustainable development and climate resilience, as articulated by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The specific setting for this discussion is the Kenyan drylands, which are central to the achievement of the SDG agenda given that they constitute 84 percent of Kenya’s total land surface. They also host up to 75 percent of Kenya’s wildlife population, account for more than 80 percent of the country’s eco-tourism interests and support about 9.9 million Kenyans, or approximately 34 percent of the Kenyan population. Today, the drylands are impoverished, deficient for both humans and nature. Their vulnerability to disasters is amplified, while their resilience to shocks is greatly weakened, a situation made worse by climate change. To understand the importance of community-based knowledges within policy making for sustainability and resilience, this article examines in detail epistemological, social, historical, political and environmental factors converging on the Kenyan drylands, as well as the opportunity to address this complexity that the SDGs represent.

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Designing a community-based insurance scheme to reduce human–wildlife conflict

Environment Development and Sustainability ◽

10.1007/s10668-021-01652-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Roshan Sherchan ◽

Rajesh Kumar Rai ◽

Roshani Rai ◽

Arun Dhakal

Keyword(s):

Insurance Scheme ◽

Community Based ◽

Wildlife Conflict ◽

Human Wildlife Conflict

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EVALUATING CAPACITY BUILDING OF THE LOCAL COMMUNITY TOWARDS ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION IN AN ESTUARINE COMMUNITY, KONG KONG LAUT, JOHOR

PLANNING MALAYSIA JOURNAL ◽

10.21837/pmjournal.v17.i10.632 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Faradiella Mohd Kusin ◽

Amirul Azuan Md Joni ◽

Ferdaus Mohamat Yusuff ◽

Sharifah Nur Munirah Syed Hasan

Keyword(s):

Capacity Building ◽

Local Community ◽

Minority Group ◽

Mangrove Ecosystem ◽

Local Communities ◽

Community Empowerment ◽

Environmental Conservation ◽

Community Based ◽

School Outreach ◽

Human And Social Capital

Key community-based environmental conservation programmes in Kong Kong Laut, Johor include the river and mangrove ecosystem conservation and management programme. The overall aim of conserving the ecosystem and encouraging local community participation in the programme is to promote the existing eco-tourism potential of the area. This paper entails the outcomes of community-based activities aimed at building the capacities of local communities through community mobilisation, awareness creation and capacity building (i.e. transferred knowledge and skills). Findings indicate that there have been improvements in the river water quality status within the ecosystems over the course of a one-year project, despite relatively small participation among the local communities in the conservation programme. However, it was evident that active participation from a minority group of the local community has contributed to significant human and social capital, suggesting that community empowerment might be crucial for future development. Despite this, a school outreach programme on waste minimisation within the community demonstrated an encouraging level of participation among school children and teachers. The major challenge to maintaining continuous efforts to conserve their environment is the simultaneous developments taking place close to the river and mangrove ecosystems. While it remains a challenge to all the stakeholders, collaborative efforts among the local communities and the university, school, government agencies and private sector have made it possible to strategise for more future approaches that will benefit the whole community.

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STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN EKO-WISATA BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DI KAMPUNG WISATA REJOWINANGUN

INERSIA: lNformasi dan Ekspose hasil Riset teknik SIpil dan Arsitektur ◽

10.21831/inersia.v15i1.24859 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Endah Tisnawati ◽

Dita Ayu Rani Natalia ◽

Desrina Ratriningsih ◽

Angling Randhiko Putro ◽

Wiliarto Wirasmoyo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Citizen Participation ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Community Empowerment ◽

Environmental Conservation ◽

Social Aspects ◽

Environmental Aspects ◽

Community Based ◽

Tourism Sector ◽

Tourism Resources ◽

Community Growth

ABSTRACTCommunity-based ecotourism is one of the efforts of rural development through the tourism sector, which not only presents natural tourism resources, but also contributes to environmental conservation, and the community as the main controller in its development. Rejowinangun Tourism Village is a village with a lot of potential and began to be developed as an ecotourism area, but still has many problems, both from the environmental aspects, management aspects, to aspects of human resources, so that tourism activities in the region have not developed. Therefore, a study is needed to analyze the potentials of community-based ecotourism development in Rejowinangun Tourism Village, and to achieve these objectives, an analysis is conducted on all aspects, namely analysis on aspects of tourist objects and attractions,social aspects, management aspects, up to aspects of organizing community empowerment. In collecting data, the method used is community participatory. In this method the community is the central focus and the ultimate goal of the activity, citizen participation will increase citizens' self-esteem and the ability to be able to participate in the mission concerning the community and village. Citizen participation will foster an environment that is conducive to increasing environmental potential and community growth. Keywords: Community-Based Ecotourism, Ecotourism, Rejowinangun Tourism Village ABSTRAKEkowisata berbasis masyarakat merupakan salah satu upaya pengembangan pedesaan melalui sektor pariwisata, yang tidak hanya menyuguhkan sumber daya wisata yang masih alami, namun juga berkontibusi terhadap konservasi lingkungan, dan masyarakat sebagai pengendali utama dalam pengembangannya. Kampung Wisata Rejowinangun merupakan kampung dengan banyak potensi dan mulai dikembangkan sebagai kawasan ekowisata, namun masih memiliki banyak permasalahan, baik dari aspek lingkungan, aspek pengelolaan, hingga aspek sumberdaya manusia, sehingga aktivitas wisata di kawasan tersebut belum berkembang. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu kajian untuk menganalisis potensi-potensi pengembangan ekowisata berbasis masyarakat di Kampung Wisata Rejowinangun, dan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, dilakukan analisis pada semua aspek, yaitu analisis pada aspek objek dan daya tarik wisata, aspek kemasyarakatan, aspek pengelolaan, hingga aspek penyelenggaraan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Dalam pengumpulan data, metode yang digunakan adalah partisipatoris masyarakat. Di dalam metode ini masyarakat adalah fokus sentral dan tujuan terakhir kegiatan, partisipasi warga akan meningkatkan harga diri warga dan kemampuan untuk dapat turut serta dalam keutusan yang menyangkut masyarakat dan kampung. Partisipasi warga dapat menumbuhkan lingkungan yang kondusif bagi peningkatan potensi lingkungan dan pertumbuhan masyarakat.Kata kunci: Ekowisata Berbasis Masyarakat, Ekowisata, Kampung Wisata Rejowinangun

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An experimental test of community‐based strategies for mitigating human–wildlife conflict around protected areas

Conservation Letters ◽

10.1111/conl.12679 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Paola S. Branco ◽

Jerod A. Merkle ◽

Robert M. Pringle ◽

Lucy King ◽

Tosca Tindall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protected Areas ◽

Experimental Test ◽

Community Based ◽

Wildlife Conflict ◽

Human Wildlife Conflict

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Why are lions killing us? Human–wildlife conflict and social discontent in Mbire District, northern Zimbabwe

The Journal of Modern African Studies ◽

10.1017/s0022278x14000664 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 93-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Steven Matema ◽

Jens A. Andersson

Keyword(s):

Local Governance ◽

Salient Feature ◽

Religious Discourse ◽

Ordinary People ◽

Community Based ◽

Elite Capture ◽

Social Commentary ◽

Wildlife Conflict ◽

Local Problems ◽

Human Wildlife Conflict

AbstractAn emerging perspective on Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) in Zimbabwe is that increased authoritarianism in governance has enabled elite capture of wildlife resources and silenced local people's voices. This paper qualifies this perspective, showing how ordinary people continue to raise their concerns about local governance. In the Mbire district, people's interpretations of an upsurge in lion attacks on livestock and people in early 2010 took on a dimension of social commentary on the evolving governance arrangements in the district and beyond. Beneath an apparent human–wildlife conflict lie complex human–human conflicts about access to, and governance of, wildlife resources. Interpretations of the lion attacks built on two distinct epistemologies – a local religious discourse on spirit lions and an ecological one – but invariably construed outsiders as the ones accountable for local problems. This construction of outsiders is also a salient feature of Zimbabwean political discourse. Local voices thus constitute a widely understood discourse of protest.

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Community-Based Tourism (CBT): A Way of Creating and Enhancing the Livelihood of Local People

VNU Journal of Science Policy and Management Studies ◽

10.25073/2588-1116/vnupam.4178 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Pham Hong Long ◽

Nguyen Thi Thanh Kieu

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Effective Means ◽

Traditional Culture ◽

Environmental Conservation ◽

Local People ◽

Community Based ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Local Livelihoods

Abstract: Aiming to sustainable development, community-based tourism (CBT) is popular and effective means of the local livelihoods’ enhancement, the preservation of traditional culture values as well as environmental conservation. Therefore, CBT is a form of tourism which has been developed in some remoted areas in Vietnam. The paper explains the role of CBT in the livelihood transformations via tourism activities, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of CBT development and consequently recommends a number of practical solutions for developing CBT in Vietnam in the forthcoming time. Keywords: CBT, livelihood, local people, Vietnam.

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Community-based Ecotourism: A New Proposition for Sustainable Development and Environmental Conservation in Malaysia

Journal of Applied Sciences ◽

10.3923/jas.2004.583.589 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 583-589 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Amat Ramsa Yaman . ◽

Abdullah Mohd .

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Environmental Conservation ◽

Community Based

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Coexistence Praxis: The Role of Resource Managers in Wolf-Livestock Interactions on Federal Lands

Frontiers in Conservation Science ◽

10.3389/fcosc.2021.707068 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Author(s):

Jeff Vance Martin ◽

Kathleen Epstein ◽

Robert M. Anderson ◽

Susan Charnley

Keyword(s):

Political Ecology ◽

Theory And Practice ◽

Livestock Grazing ◽

Gray Wolf ◽

Multiple Use ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Conservation Practice ◽

Wildlife Conflict ◽

Resource Managers ◽

Human Wildlife Conflict

In resource management, new terms are frequently introduced, reflecting ongoing evolution in the theory and practice of ecology and governance. Yet understandings of what new concepts mean, for whom, and what they imply for management on the ground can vary widely. Coexistence—a prominent concept within the literature and practices around human-wildlife conflict and predator management—is one such term: widely invoked and yet poorly defined. While for some coexistence is the latest paradigm in improving human-wildlife relations, the concept remains debated and indeed even hotly contested by others—particularly on the multiple-use public lands of the American West, where gray wolf conservation, livestock production, and the claims of diverse stakeholders share space.The multiple meanings of coexistence present serious challenges for conservation practice, as what the concept implies or requires can be contested by those most central to its implementation. In this study we examine wolf-livestock management—a classic case of human-wildlife conflict—by focusing on the experiences and perspectives of U.S. Forest Service (USFS) managers. We reviewed coexistence's multivalence in the literature, complementing semi-structured interviews conducted with USFS employees on case study forests from across the western states. Through this, we highlight the complexity and multi-dimensionality of the concept, and the unique yet under-explored perspective that resource managers bring to these debates.This work draws on insights from political ecology to emphasize the situatedness of manager practice—taking place within a broader set of relations and contextual pressures—while extending political ecologists' traditional focus on the resource user to a concern with the resource manager as a key actor in environmental conflicts. Through our engagement with the experiences and perceptions of USFS managers, who must balance conservation aims with long-established land uses like livestock grazing, we hope to clarify the various dimensions of coexistence. Our hope is that this work thus increases the possibility for empathy and collaboration among managers and stakeholders engaged in this complex socio-ecological challenge.

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Strengthening Community Empowerment as a Tool for Sustainable Tourism Development: The Case of Tangkoko Nature Reserve in Indonesia

Jurnal Hospitaliti dan Pariwisata ◽

10.35729/jhp.v1i1.10 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bet El Silisna El Silisna Lagarense

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Local Community ◽

Nature Reserve ◽

Sustainable Tourism ◽

Tourism Development ◽

Local Communities ◽

Community Empowerment ◽

Local Economy ◽

Community Based ◽

Sustainable Tourism Development

One of the main principles a community empowerment in sustainable development is that the primary benefits should be returned to the local community and become an integral part of the development activity. However, Tangkoko as a centre for natural tourism development in North Sulawesi, Indonesia has tended to concentrate on tourism development without adequately considering livelihoods of local communities. This study is aimed to examine to what extend The model of community empowerment can be applied into the practice of community empowerment development in Tangkoko Nature Reserve. The study will contribute to the formulation of government policy in formulating and establishing the R- Urban conservation efforts, especially in the utilization of local natural resources by using the principles of sustainable development in Tangkoko Nature Reserve. In addition, the results of the study will be able to promote the use of community-based empowerment and participation through the use high-value natural surrounding environment. This study involves desktop research and fieldwork comprising questionnaire surveys and on-site observations to provide evidences of community-based empowerment in Tangkoko Natural Reserve. This study develops a model of sustainable tourism development through creative community empowerment that will ensure the outcomes from tourism will be returned to strengthen the local economy as well the quality of life of local communities.

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