scholarly journals Establishing the Pupils’ Level of English Vocabulary Proficiency in Public and Private Rural Primary Schools in Kyuso Division of Kitui County

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Deborah Mutua Kalima
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
After School ◽  
Day Schools ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
Acquisition Device

The purpose of this study was to answer the question of what is the pupils' level of English vocabulary proficiency in public and private rural primary schools in Kyuso Division in Kitui County. The study was an attempt to provide relevant data on English vocabulary proficiency in Kyuso area. This study focused on the English vocabulary proficiency in Kyuso area among children in classes’ two to four. Learners from one class to the next depicted some changes hence a level of vocabulary proficiency manifestation. The study was limited to respondents within the sample in rural areas where the language of communication after school was purely Kikamba. The two categories of primary schools in the area were day schools, unlike secondary schools whereby 90% of them are boarding. The assumption was that the pupils had the same school hours, share the same locality and the same parents. The question was why there was a big difference in children from the two categories of schools. The study was based on primary schools, the level where the grammatical rules are initiated, and as the children grow up, they continue to utilize what they continue acquiring. It was observed that competent speakers show up right from primary schools. It is also at the primary level where a child can be ‘modelled' to improve or change to a better person due to their language acquisition device (LAD). In both public and private primary schools there seem to be differences in pupils level of vocabulary proficiency.

scholarly journals EXTENT OF COUNSELORS EFFECTIVENESS IN POST PRIMARY INSTITUTIONS IN ENUGU STATE

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-64
Author(s):  
EGBO ANTHONIA CHINONYELUM ◽  
ONUOMA LOVENAH IKODIYA ◽  
EGBO CHINONYE EMMANUELLA
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Guidance And Counseling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Enugu State ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Primary Institutions

This study is an appraisal of counselors’ effectiveness in post primary institutions in Enugu State. This study adopted descriptive survey research deign. It was carried out in the six educational zones of Enugu state with a total of two hundred and seventy-five (275) government-owned secondary schools. The population for the study comprises a key officer each from all the two hundred and seventy-five (275) government owned secondary schools in Enugu State. Two hundred and seventy-five (275) is small and manageable as a sample for study. Hence, the researcher used all of them for the study. Therefore, no sampling was done. The researcher explored eight research questions and formulated two hypotheses on the comparison of the performance of counselors by gender and locations using t-test statistics at 0.05 level of significance. The research questions were answered using means and standard deviations. It was found that the respondents generally had high perceptions of the counselors’ performance in each of their professional roles except with respect to the referral function. It was also found that there is no significant difference in the performance of male and female counselors in both urban and rural areas. Recommendations were made that counselors should be adequately motivated and that counselors should specialize on guidance and counseling services to improve their effectiveness in post primary schools in Enugu State, Nigeria.

scholarly journals H. Malcolm. Public Services through Private Enterprise: Micro-Privatisation for Improved Delivery. New Delhi: Vistaar Publications, 2000. 371 pages. Hardbound. Indian Rs 450.00.

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-275
Author(s):  
Zafar Mueen Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Goods ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The People

The book begins with a comparison of the availability of public and private goods: “Cigarettes and soft drinks are available in just about every village but clean water, primary education or health services are not”. (Page 13). This thoughtprovoking statement by the author focuses the reader’s attention directly on the main subject of the book: the issue of private versus public management. The public sector is responsible for providing public services, i.e., delivery of those goods and services which the private entrepreneur is reluctant to provide. Consequently, the supply of those services is grossly inequitable and irregular, particularly in developing countries. One can find understaffed and ill-managed schools, polluted water, poor and unsafe means of transport and communication in such countries. People who are really in need of such services are deprived of them. For instance, often state primary schools are located in places where most of the population send their children to private schools. Public health units are available in areas where most of the people use private clinics. Electric power may be cut off for an hour in the richer parts of a city, but in the rural areas it is available for much shorter periods of time.

scholarly journals WALL MAGAZINE AS MEDIA IN GRASPING PUPILS’ READING INTEREST AT PRIMARY LEVEL

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Diah Astuty ◽  
Fathurrahman Fathurrahman
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Reading Habits ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Visual Mode ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
Reading Interest

The paper aims to describe the literacy movement initiated by Indonesian Government. Since there is disproportional distribution of literacy exposures between the pupils who are living in urban areas and the pupils who are living in rural areas, it needs important roles of teachers and school managements mainly for those at rural areas in developing and improving reading habits for their pupils. The wall magazines can be used as affordable media in grasping pupils’ reading interest at primary level. The appropriate procedures in using wall magazines at primary schools can support divergent purposes to make the pupils get interested in reading. The use of wall magazines is also intended to create reading environment for the pupils in order to learn and apply the literacy movement program at early level. The appropriate use of strategies in using wall magazine is planned to train the pupils learning how to read and think critically about the textual materials that are provided by using attractive and appropriate visual mode. The study would be conducted as case-study in describing the procedures and the use of wall magazine at SDN Pamolokan 3 at Sumenep as a part of  Literacy Movement program at school (which known as Gerakan Literasi Sekolah or GLS). The data of this study would be qualitative data in the forms of questionnaires results and interviews.

Households Discrimination in School Enrolment in Pakistan: Does gender matter?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Ali Muhammad ◽  
Zahoor Ul Haq ◽  
Imad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Female Education ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

This study uses Pakistan Social and Living Measurement Survey 2016 to study gender discrimination in school enrollment across the four provinces of Pakistan using bi-variate analysis. Results show that there is highly significant difference between male and female education in rural areas (x^2=4940.50 and p<0.05). Analysis indicate that gender disparity in enrollment is significantly higher in low income households (x^2=115.468 and P<0.05). The study also showed that as compared to male, fewer female are enrolled in both public and private sectors. Hence, socio-economic factors play important role in making decision about children enrollment in different types of school. The study recommends that government to take appropriate steps to reduce gender discrimination in school enrollment by offering subsidy on female education in the country.

Palestinian children living amidst political and military violence deploy active protection strategies against psychological trauma: How agency can mitigate traumatic stress via life satisfaction

2021 ◽  
pp. 136749352110177
Author(s):  
Guido Veronese ◽  
Federica Cavazzoni ◽  
Alaa Jaradah ◽  
Shaher Yaghi ◽  
Hania Obaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Trauma Symptoms ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Military Violence ◽  
Palestinian Children

This exploratory study assessed the association between agency and life satisfaction, as well as the potential for life satisfaction, in its turn, to alleviate trauma symptoms and reduce negative emotion in a group of children exposed to war and military violence in Palestine. Two hundred and fifty Palestinian children, who had been recruited at primary schools in urban and rural areas, and refugee camps, completed the Multilevel Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale, Children’s Hope Scale (CHS), Children’s Impact of Event Scale (CRIES) and Positive and Negative Affect Scales. We performed structural equation modelling to evaluate the effects of agency on negative emotions and trauma symptoms via life satisfaction. The participants appeared to play an agentic role in mobilizing their own life satisfaction, and the more satisfied they were with their lives, the less they suffered from trauma symptoms. In terms of clinical practice, we advocate more active and participatory approaches to fostering children’s agency, a complex construct in need of further investigation via mixed-method quanti-qualitative and ethnographic studies.

Learning and the Evolution of Language: The Role of Cultural Variation and Learning Costs in the Baldwin Effect

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Munroe ◽  
Angelo Cangelosi
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Cultural Transmission ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Baldwin Effect ◽  
Evolution Of Language ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Acquisition Device ◽  
The Baldwin Effect

The Baldwin effect has been explicitly used by Pinker and Bloom as an explanation of the origins of language and the evolution of a language acquisition device. This article presents new simulations of an artificial life model for the evolution of compositional languages. It specifically addresses the role of cultural variation and of learning costs in the Baldwin effect for the evolution of language. Results show that when a high cost is associated with language learning, agents gradually assimilate in their genome some explicit features (e.g., lexical properties) of the specific language they are exposed to. When the structure of the language is allowed to vary through cultural transmission, Baldwinian processes cause, instead, the assimilation of a predisposition to learn, rather than any structural properties associated with a specific language. The analysis of the mechanisms underlying such a predisposition in terms of categorical perception supports Deacon's hypothesis regarding the Baldwinian inheritance of general underlying cognitive capabilities that serve language acquisition. This is in opposition to the thesis that argues for assimilation of structural properties needed for the specification of a full-blown language acquisition device.

Relationship between childhood obesity and socioeconomic status among primary school children in Costa Rica

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Tatiana Gamboa-Gamboa ◽  
Romain Fantin ◽  
Jeancarlo Cordoba ◽  
Ivannia Caravaca ◽  
Ingrid Gómez-Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Public And Private

Abstract Objective: This article analyzes the relationship between socioeconomic status and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the primary school population in Costa Rica. Design: A National School Weight/Height Census was disseminated across Costa Rica in 2016. The percentage of children who were overweight or obese was calculated by sex, age, and socioeconomic indicators (type of institution: private, public, mix; type of geographic location: rural, urban; and the level of development of the district of residence: quartiles). A mixed effects multinomial logistic regression model and mixed effects logistic regression model were used to analyze the association between the prevalence of being overweight or obese and district socioeconomic status. Setting: The survey was carried out in public and private primary schools across Costa Rica in 2016. Participants: 347,366 students from 6 to 12 years old, enrolled in public and private primary schools. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children was 34.0%. Children in private schools were more likely to be overweight or obese than students in public schools (OR=1.10 [1.07, 1.13]). Additionally, children were less likely to be overweight or obese if attending a school in a district of the lowest socioeconomic quartile compared to the highest socioeconomic quartile (OR=0.79 [0.75, 0.83]), and in a rural area compared to the urban area (OR=0.92 [0.87, 0.97]). Conclusions: Childhood obesity in Costa Rica continues to be a public health problem. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children was associated with indicators of higher socioeconomic status.

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