scholarly journals Forensic Engineering Analysis Of A Campus Wide Steam Loop Failure

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Klas C. Haglid
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Engineering Analysis ◽  
National Reference ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
The Subject ◽  
A Site ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Steam Pipes

A Forensic Engineer Invited To Investigate A Heating Problem At A University Recently Made A Site Visit At The Subject University. While Walking Through The Site He Noticed Many Areas Of Rising Steam, Especially In The Area Of The Manholes Provided For Underground Direct Burial Steam Pipes. Several Of The Manholes Were Producing Visible Columns Of Steam. Ironically, This Central Steam Distribution System Was Engineered To Save Money, Time, And Energy And Improve The Functionality Of The Existing System. Documents Relevant To This Case Were Evaluated And National Standards In The Form Of Ashrae And Astm Were Referenced And Reviewed. Pictures, National Reference Standards, Material Data Sheets And Other Peer-Reviewed Studies Will Be Used To Explain In Detail How A Large Central Steam Distribution System Started To Fail Dramatically And Catastrophically In A Very Short Period During And After Installation.

scholarly journals Forensic Engineering Analysis Of A Failed Energy Reduction Method For A Central Steam Distribution System

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Klas C. Haglid
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Reduction Method ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Energy Reduction ◽  
Engineering Analysis ◽  
National Reference ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Steam Pipe

A Forensic Engineer Was Asked To Visit The Subject University And While Walking Through The Site Noticed Areas Of The Underground Direct Buried Steam Pipe And The Manholes And Found Many Areas Of Rising Steam, Especially In The Area Of The Manholes. Several Of The Manholes Were Producing Visible Columns Of Steam. Ironically, This Central Steam Distribution System Was Engineered To Save Money, Time, Energy, And Improve The Functionality Of The Existing System. Documents Relevant To This Case Have Been Evaluated And National Standards In The Form Of Ashrae And Astm Have Been Referenced And Reviewed. Pictures, National Reference Standards, Material Data Sheets And Other Peer Reviewed Studies Will Be Used To Explain In Detail How A Large Central Steam Distribution System Started To Fail Dramatically And Catastrophically In A Very Short Period Of Time During And After Installation.

Forensic Engineering Analysis Of Pedestrian Carry And Throw Distance

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel T. Hicks ◽  
Kravitz Michael
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Engineering Analysis ◽  
Rigorous Analysis ◽  
Rest Position ◽  
Moving Vehicles ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Throw Distance ◽  
Takeoff Angle

There Have Been Many Papers Written And Published On The Subject Of Pedestrian Throw Distance With Automobiles. Many Of These Papers Can Be Obtained From The Society Of Automotive Engineers (Sae). Many Of The Papers Make Assumptions For The Takeoff Angle Of The Pedestrian. Some Of Those Authors Have Performed Tests Using Dummies Or Objects Dropped From Moving Vehicles In Order To Draw Correlations Between Their Formulae Or Equations And Real Life. Generally, Those Authors State How The Formulae Should Be Used, And Specify That If The Pedestrian Mounts The Vehicle, The Formula Is Not Valid. Despite The Disclaimers Of How And When To Use The Published Formulae, The Writer Has Noticed That Accident Reconstructionists Tend To Misuse The Formulae And Often Arrive At Speeds For An Impacting Vehicle Higher Than Can Be Justified By More Rigorous Analysis. This Occurs Because The Theories Behind The Formulae, Its Assumptions, And Its Application Are Not Known Or Are Not Understood Well. The Writer Has Found, In His Experience, That The Reconstruction Practioners Often Use The Distance From The First Impact With The Pedestrian To The Rest Position Of The Pedestrian As The Distance Factor In The Formulae Without Giving Thought As To Whether The Pedestrian Mounted The Vehicle Or Not.

scholarly journals Forensic Engineering Analysis of an Electrical Substation Fire in a Manufacturing Plant in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Cueva-Eguiguren
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Manufacturing Plant ◽  
Engineering Analysis ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Voltage Transients ◽  
Cable Fire ◽  
Electrical Substation ◽  
Short Circuit Currents ◽  
Business Interruption

A cable splice failure in one of the cables associated with one of the 6 MVAR capacitor banks in an electrical substation at a manufacturing plant in South America caused a fire in the 88/4.16kV electrical substation. The fire caused the plant to stop production for approximately 29 days while temporary repairs were made. Operating two shifts per day/seven days a week, and stopping for maintenance once a year, the manufacturing production generates approximately $750,000 in revenue per day. The cable splice failure caused an electrical short circuit in the substation 4.16kV distribution system for approximately 120 seconds. The cable splice failure ignited the adjacent cables in the cable tray, causing damage to various sections of the 4.16kV cables, three 88kV disconnect switches, and four 88kV – 4.16kV transformers. The cable fire in the electrical substation resulted in property damages and business interruption losses with an estimated value of $20 million. The four 88kV – 4.16kV transformers that were in service at the time of the substation fire were exposed to voltage transients and electromagnetic forces produced by the short-circuit currents for approximately120 seconds.

scholarly journals Forensic Engineering Analysis Of A Kite Surfing Accident

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rocky Shore ◽  
The United States ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Engineering Analysis ◽  
Quick Release ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Foreign Standard ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Proper Operation

The Investigation Of Recreational Accidents Often Involves An Analysis Of Unique Circumstances And Unique Equipment Not Commonly Found In More Traditional Forensic Engineering Investigations. In The Case Of The Kite Surfing Accident Which Is The Subject Of This Paper, It Was Alleged That The Quick-Release Mechanism Failed To Function Properly, Which Caused The User To Be Dragged To A Rocky Shore Causing Injuries. The Engineer Had To Familiarize Himself With The Various Components Of The Kite And Harness System, How The Interaction Of Those Components Under The Control Of The User Led To The Accident, And How The Accident Could Have And Should Have Been Avoided. Conditions Specific To The Subject Accident Were Investigated, Including The User Familiarity With Equipment And Emergency Protocols, Wind Patterns Present At The Time Of The Accident, And Geography Of The Accident Location. Finally, Research Revealed That There Were No Standards Or Regulation Of The Kite Surfing Industry In The United States, But That The Manufacturers Of The Equipment Claimed Compliance With A Foreign Standard. The Equipment Was Then Tested To Determine Whether It Was In Compliance With That Foreign Standard. This Paper Will Address The Proper Operation Of The Kite Surfing Equipment, And Will Describe The Testing That Was Performed By The Engineer To Determine The Effectiveness Of The Quick-Release Component Of The System. It Also Addresses Actions That Were Taken By The User To Attempt Avoidance Of The Accident.

scholarly journals Forensic Engineering Analysis Of A Contractor/Subcontractor Dispute

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
George R. Barbour
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Building Codes ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Engineering Analysis ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
The Past ◽  
General Contractors ◽  
Forensic Engineering

Construction Defects And The Resulting Disputes Between Contractors And Their Various Subcontrac-Tors Are Not A Recent Concept. However, With The Proliferation Of Specialized Licensing Requirements, Building Codes, Regulations, And National Standards, Threshold Requirements For The Built Environment Are Now Significantly Better Defined Than In The Past. Market Forces Have Led Most General Contractors To Contract Out Most Of The Actual Work In Lieu Of Self-Performing. As A Result, Construction Dispute Claims Have Become More Common And Complex. The Forensic Engineer Must Consider Not Only The Technical Aspects Of A Claim But The Contractual And Regulatory Requirements As Well, When Tasked With Distributing Culpability Between The Various Parties. The Purpose Of This Article Is To Examine The Component Of The Dispute Between The Contractor And Subcontractor With Specific Focus On The Regulatory And Contractual Requirements.

scholarly journals Forensic Engineering Analysis of a Sequence of Power Infrastructure Failures Atop an Office Building

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Cueva-Eguiguren
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Power Transformer ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Engineering Analysis ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Power Disturbances ◽  
Equipment Failures ◽  
Forensic Engineering

A series of equipment failures occurred in a high-rise office building in Puerto Rico. The top 18th floor was occupied by the infrastructure systems of the building to include heating, air conditioning, electrical and plumbingsystems, and two 1,500kVA emergency generators that provided power for the entire building when the utility power was not available. The first failure occurred within a 3,000kVA, 13.8kV/480-277VAC stepdown power transformer on a Sunday night — a day after the annual maintenance of the electrical equipment took place. Thefailure of this transformer resulted in the operation of the two emergency generators — last maintained a month earlier. The second failure occurred in one of the two control panels associated with the fuel day tanks for the emergency generators due to power disturbances (harmonics) in the electrical distribution system in the building. This resulted in an overflow of fuel oil in one of the day tanks (615 gallons) and the spill of approximately 1,000 gallons of fuel oil on the 18th floor and lower floors (including the cellar).

scholarly journals Forensic Engineering Analysis Of safety Shooting Glasses subject To Ballistic Impact

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Danaher
Keyword(s):  
Impact Resistance ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Engineering Analysis ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Absorbed Energy ◽  
Voluntary Standards ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Current Standards

Currently There Are Voluntary Standards In Place That Outline The Impact Resistance Of Safety Glasses.  although The Standards Set Forth By The American National Standards Institute (Ansi) Outline Testing that Can Be Used To Calculate A Minimum Level Of Energy Which The Lens Should Absorb, Independent Testing has Shown That The Performance Of Modern Safety Glasses Exceed The Minimum Requirements Of The absorbed Energy. This Paper Will Show The Level Of Energy Which A Random Sample Of Safety Glasses Can withstand And Compare The Results To The Current Standards.

scholarly journals Groundwater Remediation of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membranes—A Field Study

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Ainscough ◽  
Darren L. Oatley-Radcliffe ◽  
Andrew R. Barron
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Groundwater Remediation ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Microfiltration Membranes ◽  
The Subject ◽  
A Site ◽  
Initial Results

Groundwater contamination by chlorinated hydrocarbons represents a particularly difficult separation to achieve and very little is published on the subject. In this paper, we explore the potential for the removal of chlorinated volatile and non-volatile organics from a site in Bedfordshire UK. The compounds of interest include trichloroethylene (TCE), tetrachloroethylene (PCE), cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (DCE), 2,2-dichloropropane (DCP) and vinyl chloride (VC). The separations were first tested in the laboratory. Microfiltration membranes were of no use in this separation. Nanofiltration membranes performed well and rejections of 70–93% were observed for synthetic solutions and up to 100% for real groundwater samples. Site trials were limited by space and power availability, which resulted in a maximum operating pressure of only 3 bar. Under these conditions, the nanofiltration membrane removed organic materials, but failed to remove VOCs to any significant extent. Initial results with a reverse osmosis membrane were positive, with 93% removal of the VOCs. However, subsequent samples taken demonstrated little removal. Several hypotheses were presented to explain this behavior and the most likely cause of the issue was fouling leading to adsorption of the VOCs onto the membrane and allowing passage through the membrane matrix.

‘Yr Beast’: Gender Parrhesia and Punk Trans Womanhoods

2021 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-134
Author(s):  
Jay Szpilka
Keyword(s):  
Embodied Experience ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Trans Women ◽  
A Site ◽  
Significant Attention ◽  
The Way

While the subject of women’s activity in historical and contemporary punk scenes has attracted significant attention, the presence of trans women in punk has received comparatively little research, in spite of their increasing visibility and long history in punk. This article examines the conditions for trans women’s entrance in punk and the challenges and opportunities that it offers for their self-assertion. By linking Michel Foucault’s notion of parrhesia with the way trans women in punk do their gender, an attempt is made at showing how the embodied experience of a trans woman making herself heard from the punk stage can serve as a site of ‘gender pluralism’.

scholarly journals Scarred souls, weary warriors, and military intervention: the emergence of the subject in the just war writings of Jean Bethke Elshtain

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 859-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER LEE
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Just War ◽  
Military Intervention ◽  
Military Force ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Just War Tradition ◽  
A Site

AbstractOver the past three decades Jean Bethke Elshtain has used her critique and application of just war as a means of engaging with multiple overlapping aspects of identity. Though Elshtain ostensibly writes about war and the justice, or lack of justice, therein, she also uses just war a site of analysis within which different strands of subjectivity are investigated and articulated as part of her broader political theory. This article explores the proposition that Elshtain's most important contribution to the just war tradition is not be found in her provision of codes or her analysis of ad bellum or in bello criteria, conformity to which adjudges war or military intervention to be just or otherwise. Rather, that she enriches just war debate because of the unique and sometimes provocative perspective she brings as political theorist and International Relations scholar who adopts, adapts, and deploys familiar but, for some, uncomfortable discursive artefacts from the history of the Christian West: suffused with her own Christian faith and theology. In so doing she continually reminds us that human lives, with all their attendant political, social, and religious complexities, should be the focus when military force is used, or even proposed, for political ends.

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