Progressive Asymmetry in Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss: A Large Population-Based Cohort Study With a 15-Year Follow-Up

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 520-525
Author(s):  
Vagner Antonio Rodrigues da SilvaRodrigues da Silva ◽  
◽  
Maria Martinez Kruchewsch ◽  
Joel Lavinsky ◽  
Henrique Furlan Pauna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Noise Induced Hearing Loss ◽  
Occupational Noise

scholarly journals Body-composition predictors of mortality in women aged ≥75 y: data from a large population-based cohort study with a 17-y follow-up

2014 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 1352-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Rolland ◽  
Adeline Gallini ◽  
Christelle Cristini ◽  
Anne-Marie Schott ◽  
Hubert Blain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Predictors Of Mortality

scholarly journals Risk of lung cancer in patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease: a population-based cohort study

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Kuei Hsu ◽  
Chih-Cheng Lai ◽  
Kun Wang ◽  
Likwang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Reflux Disease ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Esophageal Reflux

This large-scale, controlled cohort study estimated the risks of lung cancer in patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) in Taiwan. We conducted this population-based study using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan during the period from 1997 to 2010. Patients with GERD were diagnosed using endoscopy, and controls were matched to patients with GERD at a ratio of 1:4. We identified 15,412 patients with GERD and 60,957 controls. Compared with the controls, the patients with GERD had higher rates of osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, bronchiectasis, depression, anxiety, hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic liver disease, congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, stroke, chronic kidney disease, and coronary artery disease (all P < .05). A total of 85 patients had lung cancer among patients with GERD during the follow-up of 42,555 person-years, and the rate of lung cancer was 0.0020 per person-year. By contrast, 232 patients had lung cancer among patients without GERD during the follow-up of 175,319 person-years, and the rate of lung cancer was 0.0013 per person-year. By using stepwise Cox regression model, the overall incidence of lung cancer remained significantly higher in the patients with GERD than in the controls (hazard ratio, 1.53; 95% CI [1.19–1.98]). The cumulative incidence of lung cancer was higher in the patients with GERD than in the controls (P = .0012). In conclusion, our large population-based cohort study provides evidence that GERD may increase the risk of lung cancer in Asians.

scholarly journals Risk of reinfection after seroconversion to SARS-CoV-2: A population-based propensity-score matched cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Leidi ◽  
Flora Koegler ◽  
Roxane Dumont ◽  
Richard Dubos ◽  
Maria-Eugenia Zaballa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Matched Cohort ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Matched Cohort Study ◽  
Pandemic Wave

Importance: Serological assays detecting specific IgG antibodies generated against the Spike protein following Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are being widely deployed in research studies and clinical practice. However, the duration and the effectiveness of the protection conferred by the immune response against future infection remains to be assessed in a large population. Objective: To estimate the incidence of newly acquired SARS-CoV-2 infections in seropositive individuals from a population-based sample as compared to seronegative controls. Design: Retrospective longitudinal propensity-score matched cohort study. Setting: A seroprevalence survey including a population-based representative sample of the population from the canton of Geneva (Switzerland) was conducted between April and June 2020, immediately after the first pandemic wave. Each individual included in the seroprevalence survey was linked to a state centralized registry compiling virologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections since the beginning of the pandemic. Participants: Participants aged twelve years old and over, who developed anti-spike IgG antibodies were matched one-to-two to seronegative controls, using a propensity-score including age, gender, immunodeficiency, body mass index, smoking status and education level. Exposure: SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. Main outcomes and measures: Our primary outcome was virologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections which occurred from serological status assessment in April-June 2020 to the end of the second pandemic wave (January 2021). Additionally, incidence of infections, rate of testing and proportion of positive tests were analysed. Results: Among 8344 serosurvey participants, 498 seropositive individuals were selected and matched with 996 seronegative controls. After a mean follow-up of 35.6 (Standard Deviation, SD: 3.2) weeks, 7 out of 498 (1.4%) seropositive subjects had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, of which 5 (1.0%) were considered as reinfections. By contrast, infection rate was significantly higher in seronegative individuals (15.5%, 154/996) during a similar mean follow-up of 34.7 (SD 3.2) weeks, corresponding to a 94% (95%CI 86% to 98%, P<0.001) reduction in the hazard of having a positive SARS-CoV-2 test for seropositive subjects. Conclusions and relevance: Seroconversion after SARS-CoV-2 infection confers protection to successive viral contamination lasting at least 8 months. These findings could help global health authorities establishing priority for vaccine allocation.

Interpregnancy and interbirth intervals and all-cause, cardiovascular-related and cancer-related maternal mortality: findings from a large population-based cohort study

2020 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-214242
Author(s):  
Yiska Loewenberg Weisband ◽  
Orly Manor ◽  
Yechiel Friedlander ◽  
Hagit Hochner ◽  
Ora Paltiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Interbirth Intervals ◽  
Mortality Models ◽  
Cvd Mortality

IntroductionScarce research is available regarding the association between interbirth intervals (IBI) and long-term maternal health outcomes, particularly cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. We aimed to assess whether IBIs were associated with all-cause, CVD-related and cancer-related mortality.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study in the setting of the Jerusalem Perinatal Study. Women with at least two consecutive singleton live births in 1964–1976 (N=18 294) were followed through 2016. IBIs were calculated as the interval between women’s first and second cohort birth. We estimated associations between IBIs and mortality using Cox’s proportional hazards models, adjusting for age, parity, maternal education, maternal origin and paternal socioeconomic status. Date of last menstrual period was available for a subset of women. We assessed the interpregnancy interval (IPI) for these women and compared the models using IPI and IBI.ResultsDuring 868 079 years of follow up (median follow-up: 49.0 years), 3337 women died. Women with IBIs <15 months had higher all-cause mortality rates (HR 1.18; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.33) compared to women with 33-month to 68-month IBIs (reference category). IBI and CVD mortality appeared to have a J-shaped association; IBIs of <15, 15–20, 21–2626–2632, 33–68 and ≥69 months had HRs of 1.44, 1.40, 1.33, 1.14, 1.00 and 1.30, respectively. No substantial association was found with cancer mortality. Models using IPIs and those using IBI were similar.ConclusionOur results support the WHO recommendations for IPIs of ≥24 months and add additional evidence regarding long-term CVD mortality.

Microscopic Colitis and Risk Of Cancer—AA Population-Based Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bergman ◽  
Hamed Khalili ◽  
Bjorn Roelstraete ◽  
Jonas F Ludvigsson
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Microscopic Colitis ◽  
First Year ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background and Aims The association between microscopic colitis [MC] and cancer risk is unclear. Large, population-based studies are lacking. Methods We conducted a nationwide cohort study of 11 758 patients with incident MC [diagnosed 1990–2016 in Sweden], 50 828 matched reference individuals, and 11 614 siblings to MC patients. Data were obtained through Sweden´s pathology departments and from the Swedish Cancer Register. Adjusted hazard ratios [aHRs] were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. Results At the end of follow-up [mean: 6.7 years], 1239 [10.5%] of MC patients had received a cancer diagnosis, compared with 4815 [9.5%] of reference individuals (aHR 1.08 [95% confidence interval1.02–1.16]). The risk of cancer was highest during the first year of follow up. The absolute excess risks for cancer at 5, 10, and 20 years after MC diagnosis were + 1.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.4%-1.6%), +1.5% [0.4%-2.6%], and + 3.7% [-2.3–9.6%], respectively, equivalent to one extra cancer event in every 55 individuals with MC followed for 10 years. MC was associated with an increased risk of lymphoma (aHR 1.43 [1.06–1.92]) and lung cancer (aHR 1.32 [1.04–1.68]) but with decreased risks of colorectal (aHR 0.52 [0.40–0.66]) and gastrointestinal cancers (aHR 0.72 [0.60–0.85]). We found no association with breast or bladder cancer. Using siblings as reference group to minimise the impact of shared genetic and early environmental factors, patients with MC were still at an increased risk of cancer (HR 1.20 [1.06–1.36]). Conclusions This nationwide cohort study demonstrated an 8% increased risk of cancer in MC patients. The risk was highest during the first year of follow-up.

scholarly journals Does Sitagliptin Affect the Rate of Osteoporotic Fractures in Type 2 Diabetes? Population-Based Cohort Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 1963-1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit R. Majumdar ◽  
Robert G. Josse ◽  
Mu Lin ◽  
Dean T. Eurich
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Multivariable Analyses

Abstract Context: Type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis are both common, chronic, and increase with age, whereas type 2 diabetes is also a risk factor for major osteoporotic fractures (MOFs). However, different treatments for type 2 diabetes can affect fracture risk differently, with metaanalyses showing some agents increase risk (eg, thiazolidinediones) and some reduce risk (eg, sitagliptin). Objective: To determine the independent association between new use of sitagliptin and MOF in a large population-based cohort study. Design, Setting, and Subjects: A sitagliptin new user study design employing a nationally representative Unites States claims database of 72 738 insured patients with type 2 diabetes. We used 90-day time-varying sitagliptin exposure windows and controlled confounding by using multivariable analyses that adjusted for clinical data, comorbidities, and time-updated propensity scores. Main Outcomes: We compared the incidence of MOF (hip, clinical spine, proximal humerus, distal radius) in new users of sitagliptin vs nonusers over a median 2.2 years follow-up. Results: At baseline, the median age was 52 years, 54% were men, and median A1c was 7.5%. There were 8894 new users of sitagliptin and 63 834 nonusers with a total 181 139 person-years of follow-up. There were 741 MOF (79 hip fractures), with 53 fractures (4.8 per 1000 person-years) among new users of sitagliptin vs 688 fractures (4.0 per 1000 person-years) among nonusers (P = .3 for difference). In multivariable analyses, sitagliptin was not associated with fracture (adjusted hazard ratio 1.1, 95% confidence interval 0.8–1.4; P = .7), although insulin (P &lt; .001), sulfonylureas (P &lt; .008), and thiazolidinedione (P = .019) were each independently associated with increased fracture risk. Conclusions: Even in a young population with type 2 diabetes, osteoporotic fractures were not uncommon. New use of sitagliptin was not associated with fracture, but other commonly used second-line agents for type 2 diabetes were associated with increased risk. These data should be considered when making treatment decisions for those with type 2 diabetes at particularly high risk of fractures.

scholarly journals Glycemic Control and the Risk of Tuberculosis: A Population-based Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Li ◽  
Xin Hong ◽  
Songning Ding ◽  
Wen Kong ◽  
Xiaoyan Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Infectious Disease Reporting ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background: Although diabetes, low body mass index (BMI) and high blood lipid are established risk factors for active tuberculosis, the joint effect of diabetes, BMI and blood lipid is unclear. Methods: We conducted a population-based census in eastern China including 40,311 individuals. We investigated risk factors for incident tuberculosis by excluding tuberculosis at baseline and linking all participants to the Infectious Disease Reporting Management System and Tuberculosis Management Information System of Nanjing City. Follow-up for incident tuberculosis occurred ten years. We matched participants using unique health identity card numbers, name, age, birthdate, and address. We constructed Cox Proportional hazard models adjusting for age, sex, smoking, alcohol use.Results: After ten years follow-up, 143 individuals progressed to tuberculosis. In participants with BMI>24 kg/m2, diagnosed diabetics with fasting blood-glucose (FBG)≥7.0mmol/L showed nearly three-fold increased risk of active TB (HR=3.78, 95%CI: 1.32-10.79, P=0.007), and FBG ≥7.0mmol/L was associated with more than three-fold higher risk of active TB(HR=3.16, 95%CI:1.37-7.28, P=0.007). Among high blood lipid levels, undiagnosed diabetics was related to increase the high risk of TB (HR=3.04, 95%CI: 1.03-8.95, P=0.044) and FBG ≥7.0mmol/L increased nearly two-fold higher risk of TB (HR=2.66, 95%CI: 1.13-6.30, P=0.026). In the linear dose-response analysis, the hazard of TB increased with FBG (with a 1-unit (1-mmol/L) increase in FBG, the hazard of TB increased by 15% (95% CI, 3%–29%). Discussion: In this large population-based cohort study in a medium tuberculosis burden region, we found that diabetes increases the hazard of tuberculosis disease and diabetics with poor glycemic control aggravated this relationship especially in individuals with high level of blood lipid.

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