Antibacterial effect of Karna Dhoopana Yoga against Staphylococcus aureus in the management of Puti Karna (CSOM)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A.G. Madushanka ◽  
K.P.P. Peiris
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sinus Thrombosis ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Lateral Sinus ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Foul Odor ◽  
Nose And Throat

Pūti Karna is a Chronic Disease caused by vitiated Kapha and Pitta dosha with its characteristic features of profuse thick Pūti (foul odor), pūya (pus) discharge from the ear with or without pain. This entity can be correlated with the disease specified in modern ENT (ear, nose and throat) known as Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM). This disease entity in turn leads to severe complications as facial paralysis, lateral sinus thrombosis, labyrinthitis, meningitis and brain abscess. According to the Ayurveda system of medicine Pūti Karna can be effectively managed by a very effective local modality known as a Karna Dhoopana. This study was carried out at the central laboratory of Gampaha Wickramarachchi University of Indigenous Medicine, Sri Lanka, using specially prepared fumigation instrument. This Karna Dhoopna Churna has mentioned in “Hasthasara Aushada Yoga Samgraha“. According to the observation, results of the study confirmed the fumigation for 30 minutes has a bactericidal effect on Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. This could be due to the bactericidal components present in the fumes of dhupana yoga. Further, this study confirmed that duration of Karna Dhoopana is an important factor. Its clinical effectiveness was confirmed without any reported complications after Karna Dhoopana treatment. Further, the study proved that the temperature of the fumes does not produce any side effects in the ear. Therefore, this study endeavored to validate the clinical data scientifically.

scholarly journals The bactericidal effect of vancomycin is not altered by tranexamic acid, adrenalin, dexamethasone, or lidocaine in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Schwerdt ◽  
Eric Röhner ◽  
Sabrina Böhle ◽  
Benjamin Jacob ◽  
Georg Matziolis
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tranexamic Acid ◽  
Total Joint Arthroplasty ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Joint Arthroplasty ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Agar Diffusion Test

AbstractOne of the most challenging complications of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). There is growing evidence of a good anti-infective effect of intrawound vancomycin powder in total joint arthroplasty. At the same time, various different locally applied substances have become popular in total joint arthroplasty. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate a possible inhibition of the bactericidal effect of vancomycin by tranexamic acid, adrenalin, lidocaine, or dexamethasone. The bactericidal effect of vancomycin was quantified using the established method of the agar diffusion test. The plates were incubated with Staphylococcus aureus or Staphylococcus epidermidis and four wells were stamped out. The wells were filled with vancomycin alone, the tested substance alone or a mixture of the two. The fourth well remained empty as a control. The plates were incubated overnight at 37 °C and the zone of inhibition in each field was measured on the next day. All tests were run three times for each pathogen and mean values and standard deviations of the measurements were calculated. Differences between the substances were tested using the t-test at a level of significance of 0.05. The bacterial growth was homogeneous on all plates. The baseline value for the zone of inhibition of vancomycin was on average 6.2 ± 0.4 mm for Staphylococcus aureus and 12 ± 0.3 mm for Staphylococcus epidermidis. In all other substances, no inhibition was detected around the well. The combination of vancomycin and each other substance did not show any different result compared to vancomycin alone. The bactericidal effect of vancomycin on staphylococci is not altered by tranexamic acid, adrenalin, dexamethasone, or lidocaine in vitro.

scholarly journals Impaired Alanine Transport or Exposure to d-Cycloserine Increases the Susceptibility of MRSA to β-lactam Antibiotics

2019 ◽  
Vol 221 (6) ◽  
pp. 1000-1016
Author(s):  
Laura A Gallagher ◽  
Rebecca K Shears ◽  
Claire Fingleton ◽  
Laura Alvarez ◽  
Elaine M Waters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Alanine Racemase ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Transporter Gene ◽  
First Line ◽  
Alanine Transport ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Abstract Prolonging the clinical effectiveness of β-lactams, which remain first-line antibiotics for many infections, is an important part of efforts to address antimicrobial resistance. We report here that inactivation of the predicted d-cycloserine (DCS) transporter gene cycA resensitized methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to β-lactam antibiotics. The cycA mutation also resulted in hypersusceptibility to DCS, an alanine analogue antibiotic that inhibits alanine racemase and d-alanine ligase required for d-alanine incorporation into cell wall peptidoglycan. Alanine transport was impaired in the cycA mutant, and this correlated with increased susceptibility to oxacillin and DCS. The cycA mutation or exposure to DCS were both associated with the accumulation of muropeptides with tripeptide stems lacking the terminal d-ala-d-ala and reduced peptidoglycan cross-linking, prompting us to investigate synergism between β-lactams and DCS. DCS resensitized MRSA to β-lactams in vitro and significantly enhanced MRSA eradication by oxacillin in a mouse bacteremia model. These findings reveal alanine transport as a new therapeutic target to enhance the susceptibility of MRSA to β-lactam antibiotics.

scholarly journals In Vitro Bactericidal Activity of Human β-Defensin 3 against Multidrug-Resistant Nosocomial Strains

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 806-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppantonio Maisetta ◽  
Giovanna Batoni ◽  
Semih Esin ◽  
Walter Florio ◽  
Daria Bottai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Negative

ABSTRACT The antimicrobial activity of human β-defensin 3 (hBD-3) against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Acinetobacter baumannii was evaluated. A fast bactericidal effect (within 20 min) against all bacterial strains tested was observed. The presence of 20% human serum abolished the bactericidal activity of hBD-3 against gram-negative strains and reduced the activity of the peptide against gram-positive strains.

scholarly journals Case Report: Otogenic Lateral Sinus Thrombosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
Sedrack Matsiko
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Sinus Thrombosis ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Lateral Sinus ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Lateral Sinus Thrombosis ◽  
High Prevalence

The availability of effective antibiotic therapy has tremendously reduced the incidence of otogenic lateral sinus thrombosis (OLST) and changed its clinical presentation to a subtle one. The nature of predisposing otogenic disease has also changed from acute otitis media to chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). The prevalence of CSOM is still high in low-income economies. With such a high prevalence of CSOM, a good clinical acumen is required to identify and manage OLST. We present a case of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) complicated by OLST.

scholarly journals The Combination of Daptomycin and Fosfomycin Has Synergistic, Potent, and Rapid Bactericidal Activity against Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusin a Rabbit Model of Experimental Endocarditis

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina García-de-la-Mària ◽  
Oriol Gasch ◽  
Javier García-Gonzalez ◽  
Dolors Soy ◽  
Evelyn Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Time Kill

ABSTRACTWe investigated whether the addition of fosfomycin or cloxacillin to daptomycin provides better outcomes in the treatment of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) experimental aortic endocarditis in rabbits. Five MRSA strains were used to performin vitrotime-kill studies using standard (106) and high (108) inocula. Combined therapy was compared to daptomycin monotherapy treatment in the MRSA experimental endocarditis model. A human-like pharmacokinetics model was applied, and the equivalents of cloxacillin at 2 g/4 h, fosfomycin at 2 g/6 h, and daptomycin at 6 to 10 mg/kg/day were administered intravenously. A combination of daptomycin and either fosfomycin or cloxacillin was synergistic in the five strains tested at both inocula. A bactericidal effect was detected in four of five strains tested with both combinations. The MRSA-277 strain (vancomycin MIC, 2 μg/ml) was used for the experimental endocarditis model. Daptomycin plus fosfomycin significantly improved the efficacy of daptomycin monotherapy at 6 mg/kg/day in terms of both the proportion of sterile vegetations (100% versus 72%,P= 0.046) and the decrease in the density of bacteria within the vegetations (P= 0.025). Daptomycin plus fosfomycin was as effective as daptomycin monotherapy at 10 mg/kg/day (100% versus 93%,P= 1.00) and had activity similar to that of daptomycin plus cloxacillin when daptomycin was administered at 6 mg/kg/day (100% versus 88%,P= 0.48). Daptomycin nonsusceptibility was not detected in any of the isolates recovered from vegetations. In conclusion, for the treatment of MRSA experimental endocarditis, the combination of daptomycin plus fosfomycin showed synergistic and bactericidal activity.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of essential oils extracted from leaves of native Moroccan plants against clinical bacterial isolates

10.3823/819 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima El Malki ◽  
Kamal Eddaraji ◽  
Rajae Alloudane ◽  
Hassane Greche ◽  
Haiat Essalmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Introduction: Medicinal plants are plentiful of bioactive molecules effective against multi-resistance bacteria. The aims of this study were to assess the in vitro antimicrobial activities of essential oils extracted from three Moroccan aromatic plants. Methodology: Analysis of essential oils of Origanum compactum, Rosmarinus officinalis and Pelargonium asperum, collected from different localities in Morocco, were performed using a GC-MS spectrophotometry. Antibacterial activity was evaluated in vitro for five clinical multi-resistant isolates. Results: Origanum showed strong antibacterial activity against tested strains except Pseudomonas aeruginosa while Rosmarinum showed a bactericidal effect against Acinetobacter baumanii, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Pelargonium presented only slight growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus on solid medium, but provided bactericidal effect against Acinetobacter baumanii and Staphylococcus aureus. Interestingly, fractions F7 and F8 of Pelargonium which represented only 0.3% and 0.1% of the total mass were found bactericidal respectively against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusions: Ours results showed that the antimicrobial activities were variables depending on the chemical composition of essential oils, the fraction used and the microorganism tested.Essential oils fractionation allows detection of bioactive substances, especially those owning antimicrobial activity, present in small quantities.

scholarly journals Combination of hydrogel-toluidine blue and light 600 nm for inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
P. Virych ◽  
O. Nadtoka ◽  
N. Kutsevol
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Toluidine Blue ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Optical Absorbance ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Growth Equilibrium

Skin damage is accompanied by bacterial infection of the wound. Different materials are used for accelerate tissue regeneration and minimize bacterial contamination. Also it is prevent the penetration of bacteria to damaged tissues. After the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms began the search for alternative means of their inactivation. Photosensitizers are used for this purpose. Their maxima of optical absorbance are in the red and infrared regions. The use of such substances provides powerful bactericidal effects, but with low toxicity to surrounding tissues. The aim of the investigation is to determine the effectiveness of combining hydrogels with toluidine blue and irradiation by light of 600 nm to inhibit the in vitro of Staphylococcus aureus growth. Equilibrium is not formed after incubation of hydrogels with toluidine blue after 3 h in aqueous solution. During this time, 57 and 43 % of the photosensitizer is desorbed from the hydrogels PAA and D-PAA, respectively. Process rate depends on the type of polymer. Desorption of TB from D-PAA is 30% faster. Irradiation of the suspension of S. aureus by light of 600 nm reduced the CFU amount by 25 % at a dose more than 4 J/ml. Short incubation (20 min) of the PAA and D-PAA hydrogels in the bacterial suspension and light irradiation (600 nm), the amount of CFU are reduced by 33% and 15 %, respectively. Increasing the incubation time of PAA does not increase the bactericidal effect. Exposure of 80 min D-PAA with TB in a suspension of S. aureus, followed by light irradiation provides inactivation of 50 % CFU. Thus, the D-PAA system with toluidine blue in combination with 600 nm light can be used to inactivate S. aureus.

scholarly journals Rapid Bactericidal Activity of Daptomycin against Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Peritonitis in Mice as Measured with Bioluminescent Bacteria

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1787-1794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence I. Mortin ◽  
Tongchuan Li ◽  
Andrew D. G. Van Praagh ◽  
Shuxin Zhang ◽  
Xi-Xian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Bioluminescent Bacteria ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Luminescent Signal ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Kinetics Of

ABSTRACT The rising rates of antibiotic resistance accentuate the critical need for new antibiotics. Daptomycin is a new antibiotic with a unique mode of action and a rapid in vitro bactericidal effect against gram-positive organisms. This study examined the kinetics of daptomycin's bactericidal action against peritonitis caused by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in healthy and neutropenic mice and compared this activity with those of other commonly used antibiotics. CD-1 mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with lethal doses of MSSA (Xen-29) or MRSA (Xen-1), laboratory strains transformed with a plasmid containing the lux operon, which confers bioluminescence. One hour later, the animals were given a single dose of daptomycin at 50 mg/kg of body weight subcutaneously (s.c.), nafcillin at 100 mg/kg s.c., vancomycin at 100 mg/kg s.c., linezolid at 100 mg/kg via gavage (orally), or saline (10 ml/kg s.c.). The mice were anesthetized hourly, and photon emissions from living bioluminescent bacteria were imaged and quantified. The luminescence in saline-treated control mice either increased (neutropenic mice) or remained relatively unchanged (healthy mice). In contrast, by 2 to 3 h postdosing, daptomycin effected a 90% reduction of luminescence of MSSA or MRSA in both healthy and neutropenic mice. The activity of daptomycin against both MSSA and MRSA strains was superior to those of nafcillin, vancomycin, and linezolid. Against MSSA peritonitis, daptomycin showed greater and more rapid bactericidal activity than nafcillin or linezolid. Against MRSA peritonitis, daptomycin showed greater and more rapid bactericidal activity than vancomycin or linezolid. The rapid decrease in the luminescent signal in the daptomycin-treated neutropenic mice underscores the potency of this antibiotic against S. aureus in the immune-suppressed host.

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