Fibras artificiales

Tábula ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 55-75
Author(s):  
Michael Moss ◽  
David Thomas ◽  
Timothy Gollins
Keyword(s):  
New Approach ◽  
Digital Documents ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Electronic Paper ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Relevant Material

Este trabajo explora la forma en que los actuales métodos y enfoques archivísticos están seriamente cuestionados por los desafíos que provoca la transformación digital. La disponibilidad de los documentos digitales ha supuesto que a los usuarios se le planteen nuevas necesidades y se abran nuevas posibilidades, incluidos los nuevos modos de consultar. La naturaleza de los mismos archivos está cambiando –están pasando de ser colecciones de textos individuales a ser datosminuciosamente estudiados para darles sentido. Han aparecido nuevas herramientas y técnicas que ya están disponibles y que ofrecen nuevas y radicales posibilidades para la investigación, pero esto comporta nuevos retos en cuanto a la confianza y al gran volumen de documentos a tratar. Los enfoques tradicionales que atribuyen metadatos para facilitar la búsqueda del material relevante y la consideración de los documentos digitales como algo similar al papel electrónico no son viables. Lo que se necesita es una nueva aproximación en la que los archiveros y los investigadores vean los archivos como colecciones de datos que son susceptibles de análisis usando toda una gama de sofisticadas herramientas y que son capaces de ser interpretados con toda una gama de fórmulas diferentes. This article explores how current methods and approaches in archives are under serious challenge because of the changes brought about by the move to the digital. The availability of digital records hasmeant that new needs and new possibilities have opened up for users, including new ways of reading. The nature of archives themselves are changing—they are moving from being collections of individual texts to be pored over to data to be made sense of. New tools and techniques have emerged and are available now which offer radical new possibilities for research, but these bring new challenges about trust and the sheer volume of records to be handled. The traditional approaches of applying metadata to facilitate the finding of relevant material and of regarding digital documents as something like electronic paper is no long viable. What is needed is a new approach in which archivists and scholarly researchers see archives as collections of data which are capable of analysis by a range of sophisticated tools and which are capable of being interpreted in a range of different ways.

Fault Identification in Non-Stationary Systems Based on Sliding Mode Observers

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 625-633
Author(s):  
A. V. Zuev ◽  
A. N. Zhirabok ◽  
V. F. Filaretov ◽  
A. A. Protsenko
Keyword(s):  
Canonical Form ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Original System ◽  
Matching Condition ◽  
Observer Design ◽  
Fault Identification ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Minimal Dimension ◽  
Sliding Mode Observers ◽  
Traditional Approaches

The paper is devoted to the problem of fault identification in technical systems described by non-stationary nonlinear dynamic equations under unmatched disturbances. To solve the problem, sliding mode observers are used. The suggested ap- proach is based on the model of the original system of minimal dimension having different sensitivity to the faults and distur- bances in contrast to the traditional approaches to sliding observer design which are based on the original system. Additionally it is assumed that matrices describing such a model have the canonical form and are constant. The main purpose of using such a model is possibility to take into account the non-stationary feature of the systems. As a result, the model has stationary dynamic and non-stationary additional term that allows to promote sliding mode design. Besides, the new approach to design sliding mode observers is suggested. The peculiarity of this approach is that it does not require that original systems should be minimum phase and detectable. According to the traditional approaches stability of the observer is provided by minimum phase and detectability properties. In our approach, stability of the observer is achieved due to the canonical form of the matrices describing the model. In addition, the matching condition is not necessary. This allows to extend a class of systems for which sliding mode observers can be designed. Theoretical results are illustrated by practical example of electric servoactuator.

Linguistically Annotated Reordering: Evaluation and Analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deyi Xiong ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Aiti Aw ◽  
Haizhou Li
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Statistical Machine Translation ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Complementary Information ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Parse Trees ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Insight Into

Linguistic knowledge plays an important role in phrase movement in statistical machine translation. To efficiently incorporate linguistic knowledge into phrase reordering, we propose a new approach: Linguistically Annotated Reordering (LAR). In LAR, we build hard hierarchical skeletons and inject soft linguistic knowledge from source parse trees to nodes of hard skeletons during translation. The experimental results on large-scale training data show that LAR is comparable to boundary word-based reordering (BWR) (Xiong, Liu, and Lin 2006), which is a very competitive lexicalized reordering approach. When combined with BWR, LAR provides complementary information for phrase reordering, which collectively improves the BLEU score significantly. To further understand the contribution of linguistic knowledge in LAR to phrase reordering, we introduce a syntax-based analysis method to automatically detect constituent movement in both reference and system translations, and summarize syntactic reordering patterns that are captured by reordering models. With the proposed analysis method, we conduct a comparative analysis that not only provides the insight into how linguistic knowledge affects phrase movement but also reveals new challenges in phrase reordering.

scholarly journals The Need for Rich Theory to Realize the Vision of Healthcare Network Centric Operations

2011 ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimini Wickramasinghe ◽  
Rajeev K. Bali
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Knowledge Building ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
Network Centric Operations ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
Traditional Approaches

In a dynamic and complex global environment traditional approaches to healthcare delivery are becoming more and more inadequate. To address this von Lubitz and Wickramasinghe (2006e) proffered the need for a networkcentric approach that allows free and rapid sharing of information and effective knowledge building required for the development of coherent objectives and their rapid attainment. However, to realize this vision it is essential to have rich theory and robust approaches to analyse the levels of complexity of modern healthcare delivery. This paper discusses how this might be done by drawing upon the strong rich analysis tools and techniques of Social Network Analysis combined with Actor Network Theory.

Competency Management using the Competence Performance Approach

2007 ◽  
pp. 83-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Ley ◽  
Dietrich Albert ◽  
Stefanie Lindstaedt
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Human Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Work Processes ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Competency Management

This chapter introduces a new approach in organizational Competency Management which is based on Korossy’s competence performance approach and which rests on the central idea of connecting competencies to actual job performance. Such an approach has several important benefits when compared to more traditional approaches. First, it brings competency modeling and assessment more closely to the actual work processes and tasks. Secondly, it makes possible validation of the models and the assessment within the modeling and assessment procedure. Finally, it is better able to cope with more dynamic and knowledge based settings. Three case studies in Engineering, Human Resource Management and Research and Development illustrate how the approach is introduced, evaluated and applied. The purpose of the chapter is to inform researchers in eLearning and Knowledge Management of how competencies can be used to support work integrated assessment and learning.

Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy: A New Approach

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Coppedge ◽  
John Gerring ◽  
David Altman ◽  
Michael Bernhard ◽  
Steven Fish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Measuring Democracy ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Traditional Approaches

In the wake of the Cold War, democracy has gained the status of a mantra. Yet there is no consensus about how to conceptualize and measure regimes such that meaningful comparisons can be made through time and across countries. In this prescriptive article, we argue for a new approach to conceptualization and measurement. We first review some of the weaknesses among traditional approaches. We then lay out our approach, which may be characterized ashistorical,multidimensional,disaggregated,andtransparent.We end by reviewing some of the payoffs such an approach might bring to the study of democracy.

A novel approach to teach the generation of bioelectrical potentials from a descriptive and quantitative perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Rodriguez-Falces
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
New Method ◽  
Excitation Source ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Electrical Fields ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Electrophysiological Signals ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Extracellular Potentials

In electrophysiology studies, it is becoming increasingly common to explain experimental observations using both descriptive methods and quantitative approaches. However, some electrophysiological phenomena, such as the generation of extracellular potentials that results from the propagation of the excitation source along the muscle fiber, are difficult to describe and conceptualize. In addition, most traditional approaches aimed at describing extracellular potentials consist of complex mathematical machinery that gives no chance for physical interpretation. The aim of the present study is to present a new method to teach the formation of extracellular potentials around a muscle fiber from both a descriptive and quantitative perspective. The implementation of this method was tested through a written exam and a satisfaction survey. The new method enhanced the ability of students to visualize the generation of bioelectrical potentials. In addition, the new approach improved students' understanding of how changes in the fiber-to-electrode distance and in the shape of the excitation source are translated into changes in the extracellular potential. The survey results show that combining general principles of electrical fields with accurate graphic imagery gives students an intuitive, yet quantitative, feel for electrophysiological signals and enhances their motivation to continue their studies in the biomedical engineering field.

Big Data in manufacturing systems engineering – close up on a machine tool

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Bauer ◽  
Zaigham-Faraz Siddiqui ◽  
Manuel Beuttler ◽  
Klaus Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Machine Tools ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
The Internet ◽  
New Approach ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The Internet Of Things

AbstractWith the increasing connectivity of devices, the amount of data that is recorded and ready for analysis is growing correspondingly. This is also the case for shop floors in flexible sheet metal handling and production. With the growing need for flexibility in production, the availability of machine tools is imminent. This paper shows different approaches that a classical manufacturing systems company such as TRUMPF takes in applying data mining techniques to address the new challenges which come with the Internet of things. In addition to classical methods, a new approach is introduced that does not need any alteration of the machine or its interfaces.

The effect of tariff on water demand management: implications for Bahrain

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Smith ◽  
H. Al-Maskati
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Water Demand Management ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Elasticity Of Demand ◽  
Tariff Structures ◽  
Essential Resource ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Economic Measure

Water is now considered a scarce but essential resource that should be managed in an integrated manner. The traditional approaches of resource development are now considered as unsustainable. Water demand management (WDM) is a new approach that aims at influencing demand & thus improving distribution efficiency. Economic measure through water tariff is one of the WDM tools. Water tariffs are recognized to be one way of curbing growth in water demand, and encouraging more efficient use of water. It is essential for the effective and equitable allocation of water resources. This paper investigates different water tariff structures & seeks to identify the factors affecting WDM through tariffs. The paper pays particular attention to the situation in Bahrain through preliminary exploration of price elasticity of demand for water and its comparison with figures from other countries.

Cremated Human Remains from Point of Pines, Arizona: A New Approach

1967 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles F. Merbs
Keyword(s):  
Human Remains ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Human Osteology ◽  
Skeletal Anomalies ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
The Future ◽  
Discrete Traits ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
And Storage

AbstractThe traditional approaches of comparative human osteology have proven largely unsatisfactory in attempts to determine biological relationships among human populations which cremated their dead. However, one category of information, that of discrete traits or skeletal anomalies, has been largely ignored. Cremations from Point of Pines, Arizona, were analyzed to determine if this kind of information, along with that usually sought from skeletal material, could be obtained in sufficient quantity to make comparative biological studies feasible. The results were encouraging, but they indicate that extraordinary care will be required in the future excavation and storage of cremated material.

A Canadian viewpoint on data, information and uncertainty in the context of prediction in ungauged basins

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Spence ◽  
D. H. Burn ◽  
B. Davison ◽  
D. Hutchinson ◽  
T. B. M. J. Ouarda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Hydrological Process ◽  
Ungauged Basins ◽  
Deterministic Models ◽  
Ungauged Sites ◽  
Ungauged Basin ◽  
Statistical Hydrology ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
Knowledge Uncertainty ◽  
Traditional Approaches

The quality (i.e. the degree of uncertainty that results from the interpretation and analysis) of information dictates its value for decision making. There has been much progress towards improving information on the water budgets of ungauged basins by improving knowledge, tools and techniques during the Prediction in Ungauged Basins (PUB) initiative. These improvements, at least in Canada, have come through efforts in both hydrological process and statistical hydrology research. This paper is a review of some recent Canadian PUB efforts to use data to generate information and reduce uncertainty about the hydrological regimes of ungauged basins. The focus is on the Canadian context and the problems it presents, but the lessons learned are applicable to other countries with similar challenges. With a large land mass that is relatively poorly gauged, novel approaches have had to be developed to extract the most information from the available data. It can be difficult in Canada to find gauged or research basins sufficiently similar to ungauged sites of interest that contain the data required to force either statistical or deterministic models. Many statistical studies have improved information or at least an understanding of the quality of that information, of ungauged basin streamflow regimes using innovative regression-based approaches and pooled frequency analysis. Hydrological process research has reduced knowledge uncertainty, particularly in regard to cold regions processes, and this situation has led to the development of new algorithms that are reducing predictive uncertainty. There remains much to do. Current progress has created an opportunity to better integrate statistical and deterministic models via data assimilation of regionalization model estimates and those from coupled atmospheric-hydrological models. Aspects of such a modelling system could also provide more robust uncertainty analyses than traditional approaches.

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