scholarly journals RUMINAL AMMONIA AND BLOOD UREA METABOLISM IN SHEEP FED HAY WITH OR WITHOUT CONCENTRATE SUPPLEMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
T. A. ADEGBOLA
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
West African ◽  
Urea Synthesis ◽  
Ruminal Bacteria ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Urea Metabolism ◽  
15N Urea

Metabolism of ruminal ammonia and blood urea was investigated in West African Dwarf ewes and wethers, fed a low quality hay with or without concentrate supplementation, using single injection of [15N] ammonium chloride (HN4Cl) or [15N] urea into the rumen and blood respectively. The percentages of 15N administered intraruminal as HN4Cl recovered in the urine, faeces and milk of the ewes were 4.3, 9.0 and 3.1, Also 32.3 and 28.7% of [15Nl urea administered into the blood were recovered in the urine of the wethers. Ruminal ammonia contributed 50.6% or protozoal-N in sheep fed hay and 14.2 78.7 and 35.0% respectively in sheep fed hay and concentrate. Also, 59.0 and 7.9% of ruminal ammonia-N was derived from blood urea of sheep fed hay and hay plus concentrate respectively. The inclusion of concentrate in the diet increased the extent of ruminal bacteria protein synthesis but not that of the protozoa, However, the contributions of ruminal ammonia to blood urea synthesis and of blood urea to ruminal ammonia were Sharply decreased in the presence of the concentrate.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF CONCENTRATE SUPPLEMENTATION WITH BROWSE PLANT (GLIRICIDIA SEPIUM) ON NUTRIENT UTILIZATION AND GROWTH OF THE WEST AFRICAN DWARF (FOUTA DJALLON) KIDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
A. U. MBA ◽  
S. A. MANIGUI ◽  
A. A. AWAH
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
West African ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Fouta Djallon

TWELVE West African dwarf (Fouta Djallon) kids, 4 to 6 months of age and weighing between 5.96 and 7.24kg, were used in the study of three dietary treatments involving a basal diet of browse plant (gliricidia Septum) supplemented with concentrate feed at 25 and 50% levels of dry matter intake to appetite. The diets were fed for a period of three months in order to estimate nutrient intake and utilization, protein and energy requirements including growth performances of the kids.  Kids maintained on gliricidia sepium alone (G1000CO) needed significantly (P/0.05) more dry matter (DM) consumption to appetite (294.66 ± 14.941 g/day) than kids maintained on either 75% gliricidia sepium plus 25% concentrate (G75 C25) or 50% gliricidia sepium plus 50% concentrate (GC)50 (236.26±0.385kg) than either kids on treatments G100C0 or (GC)50 (6.84±0.214 and 6.92±0.313kg respectively). DM intake as a percentage of liveweight was about 3.60 +0.237%.  The kids were in positive nitrogen balance and the nitrogen retention value ranged from 31.36 ±1.633 to 50.22 ±0.994%. Metabolic faecal nitrogen (MFN) and endogenous urinary nitrogen (ENU) were 0.232±0.005g/100g DM intake and 0.070 g/day wkg734 respectively. The biological value (BV) of the diets ranged from 56.79 to 75.62%. The digestible crude protein (DCP) requirement for maintenance was 0.853±0.133 g/day/wkg734 while the DCP requirement for liveweight gain was 0.030±0.001 g/day/wkg734 per g of liveweight gain. The digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable (ME) energy requirements for maintenance were 124.42±3.274 kcal/day/wkg734 and 100.78 + 4.588 kcal/day/wkg734 respectively.  Results showed that the utilization of the browse plant (gliricidia sepium) by the kids was best when fed at 75% browse plus 25% concentrate.

Growth performance and blood parameters of West African dwarf rams fed dried Ficus thonningii foliage as supplement to high quality cassava peel

Food Chain ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 58-78
Author(s):  
Bazit Bakare ◽  
Olufemi Onifade ◽  
Victoria Ojo ◽  
Kafayat Adebayo ◽  
Anandan Samireddypalle
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
West African ◽  
High Quality ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Ficus Thonningii ◽  
Cassava Peel

scholarly journals Real-time study of the urea cycle using 15N n.m.r. in the isolated perfused rat liver

1992 ◽  
Vol 287 (3) ◽  
pp. 813-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Geissler ◽  
K Kanamori ◽  
B D Ross
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Urea Cycle ◽  
Isolated Perfused Rat Liver ◽  
15N Recovery ◽  
Urea Synthesis ◽  
Perfused Liver ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
15N Urea ◽  
Rate Limiting

1. Isolated rat liver was perfused with 10 mM-15NH4Cl, 5 mM-lactate and 1 mM-ornithine, or with 3 mM-[15N]alanine and 1 mM-ornithine, in haemoglobin-free medium. The liver was physiologically stable for over 3 h and synthesized urea at the rate of 1.15 mumol.min-1.g of liver-1 (15NH4(+)-perfused) or 0.41 mumol.min-1.g-1 ([15N]alanine-perfused). 2. The perfused liver was continuously monitored by 15N n.m.r. spectroscopy at 20.27 MHz for 15N. Well-resolved 15N resonances of precursors and intermediates of the urea cycle, present at tissue concentrations of 0.2-3.0 mumol/g, were observed from the intact liver in 5-40 min of acquisition. Key metabolites in liver extract and the final perfusion medium were analysed by n.m.r. and by biochemical assays to determine fractional 15N enrichment and the total 15N recovery. 3. In 15NH4(+)-perfused liver (n = 6), 15N incorporation into glutamate and alanine (1.0-1.3 mumol/g), as well as progressive formation of [15N2]urea, was observed during the first 2 h of perfusion. In the second and third hour, hepatic concentrations of [omega-15N]citrulline and [omega, omega'-15N]argininosuccinate increased to n.m.r.-detectable levels (0.3-0.9 mumol/g). The [15N]aspartate pool was large in the absence of added ornithine, but on its addition was rapidly incorporated into argininosuccinate (n = 3). 4. In [15N]alanine-perfused liver, major metabolites were [15N]glutamate, [gamma-15N]glutamine and [15N]urea. Urea-cycle intermediates were undetectable. 5. The results suggest that, in intact liver provided with excess ammonia, low concentrations of cytosolic argininosuccinate synthetase and argininosuccinate lyase limited the rate of metabolite flux in the urea cycle. By contrast, in alanine-perfused liver at a physiological rate of urea synthesis, mitochondrial carbamoylphosphate synthetase was rate-limiting. 6. The potential utility of 15N n.m.r. for study of metabolite channelling through urea-cycle enzymes in intact liver is discussed.

scholarly journals Exfoliative vaginal cytology during the oestrous cycle of West African dwarf goats

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safiriyu Idowu Ola ◽  
Waliu Ajani Sanni ◽  
Gabriel Egbunike
Keyword(s):  
West African ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
West African Dwarf Goats ◽  
Vaginal Cytology ◽  
Dwarf Goats

scholarly journals Effects of Spondias mombin l. On milk composition of lactating West African Dwarf (WAD) ewes

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-343
Author(s):  
M. A. Oguike ◽  
M. E. Udeh
Keyword(s):  
Milk Protein ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
West African ◽  
Trial Group ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Spondias Mombin ◽  
And Performance

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of Spondias mombin on milk composition using milk from twelve lactating West African dwarf (WAD) ewes. The lactating ewes were assigned to two treatment groups of six ewes per group, designated T1 and T2 representing control and trial group, respectively The ewes in T2, the trial group were fed Spondias mombin L. post partum while those in T1 the control were not fed Spondias mombin. Colostrum samples were collected from each ewe the first four days following parturition while normal milk was sampled for analysis after two weeks of lambing through 12 weeks of lactation. The constituents studied were lactose, milk protein, butterfat, ash, total solids and solid non-fat. Results showed that the colostrums of ewes fed S. mombin had significantly higher (P<0.05) total solids, and solids not fat contents of 18.34 and 11.31% respectively, than those of the control ewes which were 17.32 and 10.35%, respectively. The other constituents of colostrums of the different groups were not significantly different (P>0.05). At week 2 of lactation, lactose (3.98%) and ash (0.98%) concentrations of normal milk of treated ewes were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of the control ewes for lactose (3.74%) and ash (0.65%). Also by the 12th week of lactation, ash contents of the two treatments were significantly different (P<0.05) with T2 having higher value. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the normal milk compositions of both groups in weeks 4, 6, 8 and 10. These results suggest that feeding S. mombin to lactating ewes could be useful in improving on the milk composition of WAD ewes and has no adverse effects on their general health and performance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document