scholarly journals Prevalence of Bovine Demodecosis in Northern Nigeria and its Possible Economic Effect of Animal Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-208
Author(s):  
O. O. Oduye
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Cattle Population ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Annual Loss ◽  
Demodex Folliculorum

The prevalence and importance of bovine dermatoses was studied by means of field surveys over a two year period. Demodecosis, a parasitic disease caused by a manage mite, Demodex folliculorum bovis, is the second most common and important skin disease of cattle in Northern Nigeria. The disease is less common in well managed government-owned herds than in local herds. About 3% of the 10 million cattle population of Northern Nigeria are affected by this disease which is responsible for downgrading of hides and skins. It is conservatively estimated that the disease is responsible for an annual loss of about N300,000 to the hide and skin industries.

Demodex folliculorum and Skin Disease: A Case-Control Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 229-234
Author(s):  
Shahla Talghini ◽  
Reihan Shenasi ◽  
Daniel F. Fouladi ◽  
Amir Hagigi
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Demodex Folliculorum ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Pre-control relationship of onchocercal skin disease with onchocercal infection in Guinea Savanna, Northern Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e0005489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele E. Murdoch ◽  
Ian E. Murdoch ◽  
Jennifer Evans ◽  
Haliru Yahaya ◽  
Ngozi Njepuome ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals Activity of Plant Essential Oils Against Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-165
Author(s):  
Joanna Wróblewska ◽  
◽  
Jarosław Nuszkiewicz ◽  
Marcin Wróblewski ◽  
Alina Woźniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Tea Tree Oil ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Demodex Folliculorum ◽  
Demodex Brevis ◽  
Selection Of

Infestation with Demodex spp. is an increasingly common dermatological and ophthalmic problem. Preparations for daily cleaning of eyes and the surrounding area (gels, soaked wipes) contain mainly tea tree oil or terpinen-4-ol. To date, the use of other essential oils supporting the fight against demodicosis is limited due to insufficient number of clinical trials. The aim of this review is to present the most commonly used medicinal plants and their active ingredients used in the treatment of infestation with Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis, with particular emphasis on tea tree oil. PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar databases were searched for the selection of scientific literature. (JNNN 2020;9(4):160–165) Key Words: Demodex brevis, Demodex folliculorum, essential oil, parasitic disease, tea tree oil

scholarly journals Lumpy skin disease outbreak in cattle population of Chattogram, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farazi Muhammad Yasir Hasib ◽  
Mohammad Sirazul Islam ◽  
Tridip Das ◽  
Eaftekhar Ahmed Rana ◽  
Mohammad Helal Uddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Cattle Population ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease

scholarly journals Lumpy skin disease (LSD): Pathomorphological features and molecular detection in dairy cattle of west coastal India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivasharanappa Nayakvadi ◽  
Samruddhi Prasad Joshi ◽  
Susitha Rajkumar ◽  
ChethanKumar HB ◽  
Jagruti Bathini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Cattle Population ◽  
Vacuolar Degeneration ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
P32 Gene ◽  
Pcr Targeting ◽  
Rpo30 Gene

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an emerging pox viral disease affecting cattle population worldwide. In India, the first outbreak of LSD is reported during August 2019 in Odisha state, which then followed by outbreaks in crossbred and indigenous cattle population of other states. Present investigation designed to study the prevalence, pathomorphological changes and molecular detection of LSD virus in naturally infected cattle. The overall morbidity of LSD was 4.48% among 30 dairy farms. Skin nodular biopsy, whole blood and serum samples (n= 66) were collected for the diagnosis of LSD by histopathology, PCR and sequencing. The envelope protein gene (P32), Fusion protein (F) and DNA dependent RNA polymerase 30 kDa subunit (RPO30) genes were targeted for PCR testing. Out of 66, 46 cattle showed generalized skin nodules and papules of various sizes (0.5 - 6.5cm) on the skin particularly at neck, face, nose, tail, perineum and udder. Microscopic examination of the skin nodule biopsy tissue revealed presence of diffuse granulomatous inflammation, hyperkeratosis, focal to diffuse vasculitis and lymphangitis, vacuolar degeneration, spongiosis and acanthosis. The inflammatory cells typically comprised of macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils along with diffuse necrosis in dermis in chronic cases. The eosinophilic intracytoplasmic viral inclusions in keratinocytes and epithelial cells were detected in few cases. Gel-PCR assay detected P32 gene in 83%, F gene in 72% and RPO30 gene in 77% of skin biopsy samples. Three blood samples were also found positive for P32 gene by PCR. Whereas TaqMan™ probe Real Time PCR targeting EEV glycoprotein gene (LSDV126) detected LSDV in 94% of biopsy samples and three blood samples which indicated its higher sensitive for the diagnosis of LSDV. Phylogenetic analysis of RPO30 gene sequence showed that the isolates from this study were grouped in same cluster with LSDV isolates of Bangladesh, Kenya and other Indian isolates detected during 2019-20.

scholarly journals Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD): Pathomorphological Features and Molecular Detection in Dairy Cattle of West Coastal India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivasharanappa Nayakvadi ◽  
Samruddhi Prasad Joshi ◽  
Susitha Rajkumar ◽  
Chethan Kumar H. B. ◽  
Jagruti Bathini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Cattle Population ◽  
Vacuolar Degeneration ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
P32 Gene ◽  
Pcr Targeting ◽  
Rpo30 Gene

Abstract Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an emerging pox viral disease affecting cattle population worldwide. In India, the first outbreak of LSD is reported during August 2019 in Odisha state, which then followed by outbreaks in crossbred and indigenous cattle population of other states. Present investigation designed to study the prevalence, pathomorphological changes and molecular detection of LSD virus in naturally infected cattle. The overall morbidity of LSD was 4.48% among 30 dairy farms. Skin nodular biopsy, whole blood and serum samples (n= 66) were collected for the diagnosis of LSD by histopathology, PCR and sequencing. The envelope protein gene (P32), Fusion protein (F) and DNA dependent RNA polymerase 30 kDa subunit (RPO30) genes were targeted for PCR testing. Out of 66, 46 cattle showed generalized skin nodules and papules of various sizes (0.5 - 6.5cm) on the skin particularly at neck, face, nose, tail, perineum and udder. Microscopic examination of the skin nodule biopsy tissue revealed presence of diffuse granulomatous inflammation, hyperkeratosis, focal to diffuse vasculitis and lymphangitis, vacuolar degeneration, spongiosis and acanthosis. The inflammatory cells typically comprised of macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils along with diffuse necrosis in dermis in chronic cases. The eosinophilic intracytoplasmic viral inclusions in keratinocytes and epithelial cells were detected in few cases. Gel-PCR assay detected P32 gene in 83%, F gene in 72% and RPO30 gene in 77% of skin biopsy samples. Three blood samples were also found positive for P32 gene by PCR. Whereas TaqMan™ probe Real Time PCR targeting EEV glycoprotein gene (LSDV126) detected LSDV in 94% of biopsy samples and three blood samples which indicated its higher sensitive for the diagnosis of LSDV. Phylogenetic analysis of RPO30 gene sequence showed that the isolates from this study were grouped in same cluster with LSDV isolates of Bangladesh, Kenya and other Indian isolates detected during 2019-20.

Pests of cowpea and their control in Northern Nigeria

1965 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Booker
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Maruca Testulalis ◽  
National Average ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Insecticidal Treatment ◽  
June July

Crops of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in Northern Nigeria are normally subject to such heavy attack by insects that the potential yields are seldom realised. The most important pests are Maruca testulalis (Geyer), which damages flowers and pods, Piezotrachelus varium (Wagn.), which attacks seeds, and the Coreids Acanthomia brevirostris Stål, A. horrida (Germ.), Anoplocnemis curvipes (F.) and Mirperus jaculus (Thnb.), all of which destroy pods. Pests that attack the pre-flowering stages of the cowpea are economically less important. Field surveys showed that, in 1961, Maruca testulalis, P. varium and Coreids together destroyed 62, 92 and 19 per cent, of the potential crop of seed from sowings in June, July and August, respectively. The corresponding percentages for 1962 were 55, 75 and 29, respectively.The effectiveness of insecticides in the control of the pests that attack after flowering has commenced was investigated in field trials at Samaru, Northern Nigeria, in 1961–63. The results showed that large increases in yield could be obtained by spray treatments starting at the first appearance of the flowers. The best of these, consisting of 1 lb. DDT with 0·1 lb. BHC per acre applied six times at weekly intervals, gave an average yield over the five trials of 1,623 lb. dry seed per acre, which is a substantial increase over the estimated national average of 158 lb. per acre. Three applications of DDT/BHC, and six or three applications of Sevin at 1 lb. per acre, gave poorer results on the whole. Insecticidal treatment reduced the incidence of all pests and led to a corresponding reduction in flower losses. It also compressed the flowering period, induced earlier flowering and pod production, and caused the bulk of the crop to mature at one time. Haulm production was also reduced, and crops grown for haulms rather than for seed should therefore not be treated with insecticides.

Paracrystalline Aggregates of Psoriatic Keratin and Their Relation to Normal Keratin Structure

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 680-681
Author(s):  
S. Trachtenberg ◽  
P.M. Steinert ◽  
B.L. Trus ◽  
A.C. Steven
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Intermediate Filament ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Amorphous Matrix ◽  
Terminal Differentiation ◽  
Proteolytic Degradation ◽  
Horny Layer ◽  
Chronic Skin ◽  
Chronic Skin Disease

During terminal differentiation of vertebrate epidermis, certain specific keratin intermediate filament (KIF) proteins are produced. Keratinization of the epidermis involves cell death and disruption of the cytoplasm, leaving a network of KIF embedded in an amorphous matrix which forms the outer horny layer known as the stratum corneum. Eventually these cells are shed (desquamation). Normally, the processes of differentiation, keratinization, and desquamation are regulated in an orderly manner. In psoriasis, a chronic skin disease, a hyperkeratotic stratum corneum is produced, resulting in abnormal desquamation of unusually large scales. In this disease, the normal KIF proteins are diminished in amount or absent, and other proteins more typical of proliferative epidermal cells are present. There is also evidence of proteolytic degradation of the KIF.

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