scholarly journals Experimental infections of domestic rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) with Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosma congolense: A comparative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-111
Author(s):  
R. C. Ezeokonkwo ◽  
W. E. Agu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Haemoglobin Level ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Domestic Rabbits

Comparative study of single infections of domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) with Nigerian isolates of Trypanosoma brucei (Gboko strain), and Trypanosoma congolesense (Binchi strain) was carried out in the laboratory for clinical and haematological effects. Eighteen rabbits of 10-14 weeks old weighing between 600- 1200 grams were used for the study. The rabbits of both sexes were randomly selected and divided into groups. The level of infection was studied by determining red blood cell (RBC) count, haemoglobin estimation, total and differential white blood cell (WBC) count, changes in body weight, mortality, rectal temperature  changes and other clinical signs of trypanosomiasis. There was significant reduction (P<0.001) in the total red blood cell counts and haemoglobin level in the rabbits when compared to the control rabbits with the effect being more pronounced in those rabbits infected with T. congolense. The white blood cell count was also highest in those rabbits infected with T. congolense. Both parasites produced similar clinical symptoms which included weight loss, unthriftiness, anorexia, fever, paleness of mucous membrane, and oedema of the facial region. One death was recorded in each of the infected group. Possible reasons for the significant differences in the total red blood cell count, haemoglobin level, and total whitre blood cell count are discussed.

Haematological phenotypes in relation to the C1797T β-adducin polymorphism in a Caucasian population

2003 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Guang WANG ◽  
Cristina BARLASSINA ◽  
Giuseppe BIANCHI ◽  
Robert FAGARD ◽  
Laura ZAGATO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Haemoglobin Level ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Caucasian Population ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Red Blood Cell Count

β-Adducin plays a role in maintaining the structural integrity of the red blood cell (erythrocyte) membrane. Moreover, β-adducin-deficient knock-out mice show a phenotype characterized by mild anaemia and compensated haemolysis. We therefore investigated whether, in humans, common haematological phenotypes of red blood cells were associated with a polymorphism in exon 15 of the human β-adducin gene (C1797T). We studied 802 unrelated individuals and 294 families (459 parents and 609 offspring) randomly selected from a Caucasian population. We employed generalized estimating equations to allow for the non-independence of the observations within families, while controlling for co-variables. In 917 men, with adjustments applied for age, body mass index, serum total cholesterol, smoking and alcohol intake, CC homozygotes had significantly (P = 0.02) lower values for red blood cell count (4.93×1012/l compared with 4.86×1012/l), haemoglobin level (9.30 compared with 9.18mmol/l) and haematocrit (45.0% compared with 44.4%) than T allele carriers. In the 329 men who consumed alcohol, the differences between CC homozygotes and T allele carriers were 0.13×1012/l (P = 0.02) for red blood cell count, 0.23mmol/l (P = 0.005) for haemoglobin and 1.08% (P = 0.02) for haematocrit. In 953 women, none of these associations was significant (P⩾0.06), regardless of alcohol intake [13.3% of women (n = 127) consmued alcohol]. In conclusion, in men consuming alcohol, the β-adducin CC genotype was associated with lower red blood cell count, haemoglobin level and haematocrit. We hypothesize that, in CC homozygotes, alcohol consumption may unveil the greater fragility of the red blood cell membrane. This genotype may slightly potentiate the structural and functional haematological disturbances associated with alcohol intake.

scholarly journals Stability of Commonly Used Hematological Parameters in Samples Stored at 33°C, 22°C and 4°C

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Jain ◽  
Sanchit Jain ◽  
Neha Singh ◽  
Priyanka Aswal ◽  
Shweta Pal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Red Blood Cell Count ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate the analytical bias and imprecision in haematological parameters induced by storage at 4°C, 22°C and 33 °C.MethodsThree K2EDTA anticoagulated vials of blood were collected from each of twenty blood donors and stored at 4°C, 22°C and 33°C respectively. Readings from each vial were taken at 0, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after collection on the Sysmex XP-100 analyser. The mean and median shift of the parameters relative to the baseline and the coefficient of variation for each time-temperature combination were calculated. The shift was compared to the maximum acceptable bias.ResultsHaemoglobin, Red Blood Cell Count, White Blood Cell Count, Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin were stable for at least twenty four hours at 33°C. Haematocrit, Mean Corpuscular Volume and Platelet Counts were stable for less than four hours at 33°C. All the above parameters were stable for longer at 22°C and 4°C. The three-part differential count showed instability within four hours at 33 °C.ConclusionsStrict pre-analytical control is needed at 33°C or above due to the marked instability of most parameters. However, Haemoglobin, Red Blood Cell Count, White Blood Cell Count and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin remain relatively stable even at 33°C.Key MessageHaematology samples exposed to temperatures of 33°C or above show rapid change in MCV, HCT,MCHC, RDW, Platelet Counts and three-part differential counts. Settings where prolonged exposure to these temperatures cannot be avoided should rely on the more stable parameters of Haemoglobin, RBC Counts, MCH and WBC Counts.

scholarly journals White Blood Cells and Severe COVID-19: A Mendelian Randomization Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Yitang Sun ◽  
Jingqi Zhou ◽  
Kaixiong Ye
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Blood Cell Count

Increasing evidence shows that white blood cells are associated with the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the direction and causality of this association are not clear. To evaluate the causal associations between various white blood cell traits and the COVID-19 susceptibility and severity, we conducted two-sample bidirectional Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses with summary statistics from the largest and most recent genome-wide association studies. Our MR results indicated causal protective effects of higher basophil count, basophil percentage of white blood cells, and myeloid white blood cell count on severe COVID-19, with odds ratios (OR) per standard deviation increment of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.60–0.95), 0.70 (95% CI: 0.54–0.92), and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.73–0.98), respectively. Neither COVID-19 severity nor susceptibility was associated with white blood cell traits in our reverse MR results. Genetically predicted high basophil count, basophil percentage of white blood cells, and myeloid white blood cell count are associated with a lower risk of developing severe COVID-19. Individuals with a lower genetic capacity for basophils are likely at risk, while enhancing the production of basophils may be an effective therapeutic strategy.

Identifying Top Predictors of Change in Noncalcified Coronary Burden in Psoriasis by Machine Learning Over 1-Year

2021 ◽  
pp. 247553032110007
Author(s):  
Eric Munger ◽  
Amit K. Dey ◽  
Justin Rodante ◽  
Martin P. Playford ◽  
Alexander V. Sorokin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Psoriasis Area Severity Index ◽  
Severity Index Score

Background: Psoriasis is associated with accelerated non-calcified coronary plaque burden (NCB) by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Machine learning (ML) algorithms have been shown to effectively identify cardiometabolic variables with NCB in cross-sectional analysis. Objective: To use ML methods to characterize important predictors of change in NCB by CCTA in psoriasis over 1-year of observation. Methods: The analysis included 182 consecutive patients with 80 available variables from the Psoriasis Atherosclerosis Cardiometabolic Initiative, a prospective, observational cohort study at baseline and 1-year using the random forest regression algorithm. NCB was assessed at baseline and 1-year from CCTA. Results: Using ML, we identified variables of high importance in the context of predicting changes in NCB. For the cohort that worsened NCB (n = 102), top baseline variables were cholesterol (total and HDL), white blood cell count, psoriasis area severity index score, and diastolic blood pressure. Top predictors of 1-year change were change in visceral adiposity, white blood cell count, total cholesterol, c-reactive protein, and absolute lymphocyte count. For the cohort that improved NCB (n = 80), the top baseline variables were HDL cholesterol related including apolipoprotein A1, basophil count, and psoriasis area severity index score, and top predictors of 1-year change were change in apoA, apoB, and systolic blood pressure. Conclusion: ML methods ranked predictors of progression and regression of NCB in psoriasis over 1 year providing strong evidence to focus on treating LDL, blood pressure, and obesity; as well as the importance of controlling cutaneous disease in psoriasis.

scholarly journals Enoxaparin-induced reactive thrombocytosis: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Xiang ◽  
Ming Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Hip Replacement ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Reactive Thrombocytosis

Abstract Background Enoxaparin is an anticoagulant that falls in the class of medications called low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs), and is used to prevent or treat patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism. Enoxaparin is the most widely used LMWH for DVT prophylaxis following knee or hip replacement surgery. Common side effects of enoxaparin include bleeding, petechiae at the injection site, and thrombocytopenia. However, reactive thrombocytosis is a rarely reported adverse reaction. We managed a patient who developed enoxaparin-associated thrombocytosis, which was completely resolved after treatment cessation. Case presentation A 78-year-old female was hospitalized for post-hip replacement rehabilitation. Low molecular weight heparin 40 mg/day was administered subcutaneously to prevent deep venous thrombosis (DVT). At admission, her platelet count was normal (228 × 109/L) and her white blood cell count was slightly elevated (12.91 × 109/L). Seven days after admission, the patient developed thrombocytosis, which peaked on the 14th day (836 × 109/L), while her white blood cell count had returned to normal (8.86 × 109/L). Her therapeutic regimen was reviewed, and enoxaparin was identified as a potentially reversible cause of reactive thrombocytosis. Switching from enoxaparin to rivaroxaban lead to a gradual decrease in the patient’s platelet count, which eventually returned to normal levels 16 days after enoxaparin was discontinued. No complications secondary to thrombocytosis was observed, and no conclusion was reached on the use of small doses of aspirin for antithrombotic therapy under these circumstances. Conclusion Enoxaparin-induced reactive thrombocytosis should be suspected in patients with thrombocytosis following enoxaparin administration as an anticoagulant to prevent certain complications.

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