scholarly journals Changes in udder size and liveweight of West African Dwarf, Red Sokoto and Sahel goats during lactation and their phenotypic relationship with partial daily milk yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-129
Author(s):  
I. J. James ◽  
O. A. Osinowo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
West African ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Changes in udder size and liveweight (LWT) of ten West African Dwarf (WAD), three Red Sokoto (RS) and three Sahel goats during lactation and their phenotypic relationship with partial daily milk yield (PDM) were studied. Udder length (UL), udder width (UW), udder circumference (UC), udder volume (UV), distance between teats (DBT), teat height to ground (THG), teat length (TL), teat width (TW), teat circumference (TC) and LWT of does were determined weekly for 12 weeks of lactation commencing from 4 days post partum. There was increase in udder size arising from increases in all udder dimensions (except THG) of WAD from 1st - 3rd week of lactation and RS and Sahel from 1st- 2nd week of lactation when they peaked and thereafter declined up to 12 weeks of lactation. Partial daily milk yield followed the same pattern as the udder dimensions, Sahel dues had the largest udder size with highest average PDM, except for TC' which was largest in RS does. The WAD does had the smallest udder size with lowest average PDM. Largest size of udder was obtained on the day of peak milk yield. The correlation between udder dimensions, LWT and PDM were obtained with UL (r = 0.23), UW (r = 0.30), UC (r = 0.52), UV (r = 0,50), DBT (r = 0.57), THG (r = -0.32), TL (r = 0.09). TW (r = 0.226), TC (* = 0.36) and LWT (r = 0.50). Since, UW, UC, UV, DBT, TC and LUT of lactating goats showed significantly high correlation to average PDM, they could be good indicators of milk yield requiring further investigation as genetic markers.

scholarly journals Relationship between udder measurements during pregnancy and partial daily milk yield in goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-262
Author(s):  
I. J. James ◽  
O. A. Osinowo
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
West African ◽  
Significant Determinant ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Relationship between udder measurements during pregnancy and partial daily milk yield (PDM) in ten West African Dwarf (WAD), three Red Sokoto (RS) and Sahel goats was studied. Udder width (UW), udder circumference (UC), distance between teats (DBT) and teat length (TL) were measured monthly before conception and during pregnancy up to parturition. PDM was determined weekly for 12 weeks of lactation commencing from 4 days post partum. There was a slight increase in udder dimensions within the first 2 trimesters of pregnancy (day 0 - 100) and then followed by an exponential increase during the third trimester (last 50 days of pregnancy) across the breeds. Sahel does had the largest udder dimensions with highest average PDM while WAD does had the smallest udder with lowest average PDM. The highest correlations between udder growth curve parameters and average PDM were obtained with A (r. 0.795) and b (r = 0.609). Thus, udder size at conception and during pregnancy appeared to be a significant determinant of average PDM per lactation and could be more important to average PDM than the rate of increase in udder size during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Milk yield and rectal temperature in West African Dwarf goats as affected by wattle and litter size

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
T. J. Williams ◽  
I. J. James ◽  
O. O. Adewumi ◽  
M. O. Ozoje ◽  
A. T. Ajibola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
West African ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Twin Birth ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Single Birth ◽  
Daily Milk

This study was conducted to investigate milk yield and rectal temperature in West African Dwarf (WAD) goats as affected by wattle and litter size. A total of 28 lactating does were used for the experiment. 13 does had wattle (bilateral) while 15 had no wattle. 14 does had twin birth while the other 14 had single birth. The goats were fed at 5% body weight with combination of concentrate and grass (Panicum maximum and Pennisetum purpureum) in ratio 50:50 twice per day in the morning and evening (zero grazing). The lactating does were hand milked once per day (08.00) and thrice per week for the period of 12 weeks. The goats were housed in cross ventilated pens with slatted floor. Rectal temperature was taken after milking of each animals using digital thermometer. Data collected were analysed using SAS (2010) in a randomized complete block design. The results showed that wattle and litter size had significant effect on milk yield and rectal temperature in WAD goats. Wattled animals produce significantly (P<0.05) higher milk yield of 297.72 g/day compared to their non wattled counterparts (255.11 g/day). Animals with wattle however had higher rectal temperature of 39.35°C compared to animals without wattle (39.23°C). Also twin littered does produced daily milk milk yield of 292.74 g/day significantly (P<0.05) higher than single littered counterparts (257.04 g/day). The interaction between wattle and litter size showed that there was no significant difference in daily milk yield in wattled animals regardless of the litter size. However, in non-wattle animals, does with twin birth produced daily milk yield of 283 g/day significantly (P<0.05) higher than 235 g/day for does with single birth. Also, wattled does with single birth had significantly (P<0.05) higher rectal temperature of 39.43°C when compared with wattled does with twin birth. However, in non wattle animals, does with single birth had significantly lower rectal temperature of 39.18°C as compared with does with twin birth (39.29°C). It was concluded that WAD goats with wattle and twin birth produces more milk than those without wattle and single birth. Therefore, WAD goats with wattle should be selected for lactation purpose especially those with twin birth.

scholarly journals Reproductivity, Productivity and Management System of Indigenous Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Cows in Costal Areas of Pirojpur and Borguna District of Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Karim ◽  
MZ Hossain ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
MS Parvin ◽  
MA Matin
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Management System ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Twenty five buffalo cows of Mothbaria Upazila of Pirojpur district and another twenty five indigenous buffalo cows of Pathorghata Upazila of Borguna district of Bangladesh were randomly selected and interviewed to collect data on reproductivity (gestation length, birth weight, age of first calving, post partum heat and calving interval), productivity (lactation length and daily milk yield) and management system (general management, housing, feeding, calf rearing and treatment facilities) of indigenous buffalo cows using pre-tested questionnaire during the period from January to June 2010. The reproductive parameters including gestation length, birth weight, age of first calving, post partum heat and calving interval of Mothbaria Upazila of Pirojpur district were 319.56 ± 5.93 days, 24.28 ± 4 kilograms, 50.88 ± 1.71 months, 153.6 ± 6.13 days, 547.92 ± 10.88 days respectively whereas in case of Pathorghata Upazila of Borguna district these parameters were 319.12 ± 4.69 days, 24.12 ± 3.6 kilograms, 51 ± 1.8 months, 153.44 ± 6.78 days, 547.24 ± 14.32 days respectively. The productive parameters including lactation length and daily milk yield of Mothbaria Upazila of Pirojpur district were 286.12 ± 11.27 days and 3.33 ± 0.68 liters/day respectively while in case of Pathorghata Upazila of Borguna district these parameters 290.44 ± 10.92 days and 3.43 ± 0.744 liters/day respectively. So, reproduction and production are almost regular comparing with other published reports with the exception of age of first calving which is almost 12 months later than the buffaloes of other countries. It could be concluded that the buffalo owners of these areas do not follow any scientific method of buffalo husbandry; they just follow traditional rearing system. The farmers mostly use buffaloes for draught purpose in these costal areas.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19113 Progress. Agric. 24(1&2): 117 - 122, 2013

Oxytocin release and lactation performance in Syrian Shami cattle milked with and without suckling

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shehadeh H Kaskous ◽  
Daniel Weiss ◽  
Yassin Massri ◽  
Al-Moutassem B Al-Daker ◽  
Ab-Dallah Nouh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Oxytocin Release ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Oxytocin (OT) release and lactation performance in primiparous Syrian Shami cows were evaluated in response to two different machine milking regimes. Six cows were milked in the presence of the calves (PC) and subsequently suckled, whereas six cows were exclusively machine milked without the presence of their calves (WC) until day 91 post partum. Milk yield and milk constituents were determined weekly. The degree of udder evacuation was determined by the succeeding removal of residual milk. PC released OT during the milking process, whereas in WC no OT release was detected throughout the milking process. Consequently, the residual milk fraction was much lower in PC than in WC (11% v. 58%, P<0·05) and daily milk yield until day 91 post partum was higher in PC than in WC (12·6±0·3 v. 7·1±0·4 kg, P<0·05). In conclusion, Syrian Shami cattle are not suitable to be exclusively machine milked without the presence of their calves.

scholarly journals The effects of genotype and week of lactation on milk yield, udder dimensions and linear body measurements of non-dairy ewes

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
O. O. Adewumi ◽  
C. A. Chineke ◽  
J. A. Alokan ◽  
I. J. James ◽  
O. A. Akinola
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
West African ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Face Length ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Linear Body

One hundred and ninety two records were taken weekly for twenty four (24) weeks from West African Dwarf (WD), the Yankasa (YN) and the West African Dwarf X Yankasa crossbred (XB) sheep. The traits evaluated were milk yield (MK), linear body measurements (LB) such as height at withers, (HT), body length (BL), heart girth (HG), shoulder width (SW), Tail length (TA), Neck length (NL), Neck circumference (NC), Face length (FA), Hind leg length (HL), Foreleg length (FL), Face length (FA), Ear length (EA), Head width (HW) and Rump height (RH) together with the following Udder dimensions (UD): Udder circumference (UC), Teat length (TL) and Teat circumference (TC). There was significant (P<0.05) influence of genotype on MK, WHT, HT, BL, TA, FL, HL, FA, EA and RH. The WD ewes produced more milk than either the YN or XB enes. Average daily milk yield (ml) was 122.25, 90.88 ana 108.8. The YN genotype was superior in all LBs except SW and NC than the WD and XB in the three genotypes. Height at withers was 59.08, 69.21 and 61.81 cm; BL 48.54, 55.08 and 54.49 cm and RH 62.88, 75.11 and 68.46 cm for WD, YN and XB enes respectively. Since milk offtake is related to body weight and some linear body measurements, selection for WT, HG, SW, NL NC, UC and TL in WD ewes could lead to higher milk and mutton production.  

Effect of pre and post-natal nutrition on the performances of ewes and lambs under semi intensive rearing system

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
S Ahmed ◽  
MRH Rakib ◽  
M Yesmin ◽  
M Ershaduzamman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

The study was conducted to know the effect of different levels of pre and post-natal nutrition on the performances of ewes and their lambs until 1 year of age and the profitable slaughter age of lambs under semi intensive system. Twenty eight (28) native Bengal ewes at 7 weeks of gestation were randomly assigned to four groups (T0, T1, T2, T3) and supplemented with a concentrate mixture at 0.0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0% of their body weight respectively. Ewes were allowed to graze 8 hours daily. Creep mixture (20 g/lamb/day) was provided to lambs from 2 weeks age with an increment of 10 g/lamb/week. After weaning, 20 growing male lambs were selected and reared 01 year of age with concentrate mixture at 1.5% of their body weight and 8 hours grazing irrespective of treatment groups. Parameters like, ewe’s litter size, daily milk yield, post-partum heat and lamb’s birth weight, weaning weight, live weight at 06, 09 and 12 months were recorded. The data were analyzed in an ANOVA with CRD by using SPSS v. 20. The mean differences were tested by DMRT at a probability level of P<0.05. After weaning, the lamb growths were analyzed considering age as fixed factor. Regression correlations among different parameters with different ages were also performed. Significantly higher daily milk yield (P<0.01), weaning weight (P<0.05) and daily weight gain of lamb until weaning (P<0.05) were observed in T2 group. Besides, lambs weight at 06, 09, and 12 months differ significantly (P<0.01) along with corresponding daily weight gain (P<0.05). Lambs daily weight gain did not differ significantly from weaning to 09 months of age but significantly reduced (P<0.05) from 09 to 12months age. Finally, it may be concluded that a concentrate diet containing 20% CP during late pregnancy to lactation should be supplied to obtain maximum performances of ewes and their lambs. Besides, native Bengal lamb would be slaughtered between 06 to 09 months of age to get maximum return. Bang. J. Livs. Res. Vol. 26 (1&2), 2019: P. 43-50

ADRENALECTOMY IN THE GOAT REPLACEMENT THERAPY AND THE MAINTENANCE OF LACTATION

1958 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. COWIE ◽  
J. S. TINDAL
Keyword(s):  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Milk Secretion ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

SUMMARY The mean survival period of twelve goats after adrenalectomy was 7·8±1·2 days. Adrenalectomy resulted in a progressive rise in the concentration of K and a fall of Na in the plasma. In the lactating goat there was a rapid inhibition of milk secretion and the concentration of K in the milk fell, while that of Na rose slightly as the yield dropped. Partial to complete maintenance of lactation was achieved in five lactating goats after adrenalectomy by implanting tablets of cortisone (or cortisone acetate) and deoxycorticosterone acetate (DCA), a daily absorption of at least 6–12 mg cortisone (or its acetate) and 2·5 mg DCA being required. DCA was the more critical component of the combination. During replacement therapy, when the daily milk yield had become relatively steady, the composition of the milk (fat and solids-not-fat percentages) and the Na and K concentrations in the milk were within the pre-operative ranges, but during the periods of adrenal insufficiency, when the milk yield declined, there was a concomitant rise in milk-fat percentage and a fall in milk K. These changes, however, also occurred when the milk yields fell from other causes and so they may not be directly attributable to the lack of adrenal steroids.

scholarly journals Milk yield of West African Dwarf sheep as affected by udder stimulation, stage of lactation and parity

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
T. J. Williams ◽  
I. J. James ◽  
D. A. Adekoya ◽  
M. R. Abdulateef ◽  
L. O. Onabegun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
West African ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Late Stages ◽  
Daily Milk ◽  
West African Dwarf Sheep ◽  
Dwarf Sheep

This study was conducted to investigate the milk yield of West African Dwarf sheep as affected by udder stimulation, stage of lactation and parity. The study involves 12 matured lactating ewes weighing between 16 and 24 kg live weights in a semi intensive system of management. For udder stimulation, the animals were divided into 2 groups; 6 animals were stimulated by massaging, cleaning and drying the udder for 2 minutes before milking while the other 6 were not stimulated, the udder were just milked. Stage of lactation was divided into 4; early, mid, late, and very late respectively with 3weeks interval for all the animals. 4 animals were on first parity while 8 animals were on second parity. The animals were allowed to graze on an established paddock consisting of Stylosanthes hamata, Panicum maximum, Pennisetum purpureum etc. for 5 hours and then supplemented with concentrate (17% CP at 5% body weight). Each quarter of the udder was hand milked unilaterally twice per week at 8.00am for 12 weeks. The result of the study showed that daily milk yield in each of the quarter of the udder (left and right) was not significantly (P>0.05) different. Udder stimulation and stage of lactation had significant (P<0.05) effect on daily milk yield while parity and mammary gland position (left and right ) did not significantly affect daily milk yield. The interaction between udder stimulation and stage of lactation as well as interaction between udder stimulation and parity had significant (P><0.05) effect on daily milk yield in WAD sheep. Therefore it is recommended that sheep udder be stimulated at late and very late stages of lactation to enhance milk production. ><0.05) effect on daily milk yield while parity and mammary gland position (left and right ) did not significantly affect daily milk yield. The interaction between udder stimulation and stage of lactation as well as interaction between udder stimulation and parity had significant (P<0.05) effect on daily milk yield in WAD sheep. Therefore it is recommended that sheep udder be stimulated at late and very late stages of lactation to enhance milk production.

Effects of postpartum Trypanosoma vivax infection on feed intake, livevveight changes, milk yield and composition in West African Dwarf ewes and associated lamb growth rates

1994 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. O. Akinbamijo ◽  
L. Reynolds ◽  
J. Sherington ◽  
I. V. Nsahlai
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
West African ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Lamb Growth ◽  
Daily Milk

SUMMARYThe effects of trypanosomiasis on digestible organic matter intake, milk yield and composition, dam liveweight changes during lactation and lamb growth rates were investigated at Ibadan, Nigeria 1991/92, using 20 West African Dwarf sheep nursing single lambs. Although digestibility coefficients were neither affected by infection nor by level of feed intake, organic matter intake during early and late lactation was significantly lower in infected dams. Nitrogen retained in late lactation was lower in infected animals due to reduced feed intake. Mean daily milk yields were not affected by the infection during early lactation; however, during the second half of lactation, average daily milk yields were significantly lower in infected animals than in uninfected controls. Variations in milk component concentrations between experimental groups did not attain statistical significance throughout lactation. While control ewes on a high plane of nutrition (CH) gained 12·1 g/day, infected ewes (IH) and uninfected control ewes on a medium plane of nutrition (CM) lost 45 and 5·4 g/day respectively during lactation. Liveweight gain in the lambs was not affected by infection in the dams.This study demonstrated reduction in feed intake, late lactation milk yield and dam liveweight gain with no adverse effect on digestibility coefficients, milk composition, early lactation milk yield and lamb weight gain during T. vivaxinfection of lactating ewes.

Population parameter estimation of daily milk yield of the Chios sheep using test-day random regression models and Gibbs sampling

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Banos ◽  
G. Arsenos ◽  
Z. Abas ◽  
Z. Basdagianni
Keyword(s):  
Gibbs Sampling ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Fourth Order ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Random Regression ◽  
Population Parameter ◽  
Residual Variance ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

AbstractParameters of daily milk yield during the first three lactations of Chios ewes were estimated with random regression models. Data consisted of 42 675 test-day records of 7121 ewes from 75 flocks that had lambed between 1998 and 2000. Models fitted fourth order fixed regressions on Legendre polynomials of the number of days post partum and fourth order random regressions on the individual animal. (Co)variance components were estimated with Gibbs sampling. Lactations were analysed separately. The four eigen values accounted for 0·80 to 0·84, 0·11 to 0·15, 0·04 to 0·05 and about 0·01 of the animal variance, respectively, depending on lactation number. Animal variance estimates, including genetic and, partly, permanent environment effects, were high at the beginning of each lactation and decreased as lactation progressed, suggesting that the animal effect is most important to early daily records. Residual variance was highest in the middle of lactation, suggesting that non-systematic environmental factors play a bigger at that time. Animal correlation estimates between daily yield records ranged from 0·26 to 0·99, were highest for adjacent days and decreased for days further apart. The decline had a different shape in the three lactations and was more evident in the first, suggesting that the three lactations may be biologically distinct traits. Animal correlation estimates between daily and total lactation milk yield ranged from 0·61 to 0·98 and were highest in the middle and lowest towards the end of lactation. Early lactation daily yield had an animal correlation of 0·70 to 0·80 with total lactation milk yield, in all three lactations. Results of this study suggest that daily milk yield records in the early stages of lactation may be useful for selection of ewes with high producing ability and accurate prediction of total lactation milk yield.

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