scholarly journals Performance of Clarias gariepinus fed poultry offal meal as a replacement for fishmeal

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-290
Author(s):  
A. A. Adekunmisi ◽  
H. A. Awojobi ◽  
M. A. S. Mulero ◽  
M. A. Onigemo
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Concrete Tank ◽  
Dietary Treatments

uvenile of Clarias gariepinus (average initial weight 32.89g±0.36) were stocked at a density of 56/m2 in concrete tank and fed diets containing varying levels of poultry offal meal as partial total replacement for fish meal. The poultry offal meal was included at 0%, 10%, 20% and 40% levels of inclusion representing, 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% replacement of fish meal in the diet of the fish. Results showed that fish fed 20% level of inclusion of poultry offal meal (50%) (replacement of fish meal) had the highest average final weight/fish (104.85g) and a significantly (P<0.05) better feed conversion efficiency (0.53) than the other diets. However, fish on diet containing 40% level of inclusion of poultry offal meal (100% replacement of fish meal) had equal feed conversion efficiency (0.49) as the control and the least cost of feed per unit gain in body weight (₦0.15/g). Feed intake and live weight gain were not significantly (P>0.05) different among all dietary treatments. It is therefore established from this study that poultry offal meal; can completely replace fishmeal in the diet of Clarias gariepinus. The best overall performance was obtained at 50% replacement of fish meal with poultry offal meal.

Copper sulphate as a growth stimulant for pigs: effect of composition of diet and level of protein

1962 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. M. Lucas ◽  
R. M. Livingstone ◽  
A. W. Boyne
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Low Protein

Thirty six individually-fed pigs were used in a within-litter comparison of the 6 treatments of a 3 × 2 factorial experiment. The pigs were about 9 weeks old at the start and were slaughtered as their individual weights reached about 200 lb.Three types of basal diet were given with and without a supplement of CuSO4.5H2O included at 0·1% (250 p.p.m. added Cu).The diets were based on (1) barley and fish meal, with 17% crude protein for pigs up to 103 lb. live-weight and 15·4 % from then on, (2) maize and soya (extracted soya bean meal), with about the same levels of protein and (3) maize and soya, but with only 13·4% crude protein for pigs up to 103 lb. and 11·9% for pigs of 103 lb. to 200 lb. Daily feed allowances were determined from a fixed scale based on live-weight.Pigs given the high-protein maize-soya diets grew more rapidly, required less feed per lb. gain and had fatter carcasses than those given the barley-fish meal diets. This was probably because of the higher TDN content of the maize-soya mixture.Pigs given the low-protein maize-soya diets grew less rapidly, required more feed per lb. gain and had fatter carcasses with smaller ‘eye’ muscles than those receiving the high-protein maize-soya diets, these being the usual effects of an inadequate supply of total protein or of an essential amino acid.CuSO4.5H2O4 added as 0·1% of each of the three types of diet improved growth rate before 103 lb. live-weight but had no consistent effect on feed conversion efficiency. Between 103 lb. and slaughter the copper sulphate did not affect performance on the barley-fish meal or high-protein maize-soya diet, but in the low-protein maize-soya diet it reduced feed conversion efficiency and rate of gain by 5%. Although this interaction was not statistically significant it agrees with an observation made in Florida and warrants further investigation.

Effects of castration on growth rate, feed conversion efficiency and carcass quality in Damascus goats

1977 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Louca ◽  
S. Economides ◽  
J. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Goat Meat ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency

SUMMARYOne hundred and forty-two kids of the Damascus breed of goat were used over a 10½-mo period to study the effects of early castration (at 7 days of age) on growth, feed conversion efficiency and carcass quality and late castration (at 7½ mo of age) on the presence or absence of taint in goat meat.Intact male kids grew faster and used feed more efficiently than castrates until they were about 9 mo old (56 kg live weight). There- after intact kids exhibited strong sexual activity and as a result their growth ceased completely whereas castrates continued growing. Early castrates produced fatter carcasses than those of intact kids. Castration of male kids at the age of about 7½ mo (44 kg live weight) was not successful in this trial and the kids performed very poorly. A taint of varying intensity was present in the meat of intact goats but not in that from any of the early or late castrates.

Some effects of dietary penicillin and zinc bacitracin on the performance of bacon pigs

1963 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Holme ◽  
K. L. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Significant Response ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Zinc Bacitracin

SUMMARYThree experiments were carried out to evaluate zinc bacitracin as compared with penicillin, as a feed supplement for bacon pigs. The first experiment compared pig performance on a control diet with performance on the control diet supplemented with penicillin, 5 g./ton, or with zinc bacitracin, 10 g./ton. Experiment 2 compared the control diet with penicillin at 10 g./ton and zinc bacitracin at 10 g./ton with pigs housed in a different piggery. Experiment 3 compared the control diet with penicillin at 10 g./ton and zinc bacitracin at two levels, 10 g./ton and 5 g./ton. In none of the experiments was there any significant response to penicillin in terms of rate of gain, feed conversion efficiency or carcass composition. In the first experiment there was a small but significant improvement in rate of gain up to 100 lb. live-weight and for the whole experimental period by the pigs receiving 10 g./ton of zinc bacitracin. There was no significant response in feed conversion efficiency or carcass measurements. In the other two experiments there was no response to zinc bacitracin. The implications of the results are discussed.

Responses to variations in dietary energy intakes by growing pigs 2. The effects on feed conversion efficiency of changes in level of intake above maintenance

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Davies ◽  
I. A. M. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Research Council

SUMMARYAllowances of about 1·4M, 1·8M, 2·2M, 2·6M, 3·OM, and 3·4M (M = feed required for maintenance) were compared for pigs growing over the live-weight ranges 20·40, 40·60, 60·80, and 80·100 kg, with feed conversion efficiency (FCE) as the main response criterion.Response to increased digestible energy (DE) allowance was curvilinear; FCE improved rapidly up to 2·2M-2·6M, and changed much less with intakes above 2·6M. It is concluded that optimum FCE occurs at about 2·7M for pigs of 30 kg and at about 3·OM for pigs of 50, 70 and 90 kg.Allowances of dietary DE suggested by the Agricultural Research Council correspond to 2·56M, 2·95M, 3·04M and 3·08M for pigs of 30, 50, 70 and 90 kg live weight, respectively. It appears that these are near to the optima in promoting the best FCE.Changes of −25%, −15%, −5%, +5% and +15% in daily intake around the optimum levels caused FCE to deteriorate by averages of about 13%, 4·5%, <1%, <1% and 4·5% respectively. Daily weight gains would then change by about −34%, −18%, −5%, +4% and +10%, respectively.

scholarly journals Nutritive value of unripe and ripe plantain (Musa paradisica) peels for weanling rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
A. O. Fanimo ◽  
T. O. Oduronbi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
O 10

Dried plantain (Musa paradisiaca) peels (DPP), either ripe or unripe (green), were given to Weaned rabbits to replace maize at O, 10, 20 and 30% levels in isonitrogenous (18% crude protein) diets for 56 days in a 2 x 4 factorial experiment. The 30% inclusion level of DPP depressed (P < 0.05) the final weight gain, daily weight gains, and feed conversion efficiency. Ripe or unripe DPP had no significant (P < 0.05) effect on the performance parameters except feed intake, which was improved (P < 0.05). The interaction between ripe or unripe DPP and inclusion levels significantly (P < 0.05) affected weight gain and feed conversion efficiency. Inclusion of DPP depressed (P < 0.05) dressing percentage and lumbar and limbs weights while the viscera weight was increased Ripeness the plantain peels had no significant effect (P < 0.05) on the carcass yield. There was also increase in profit margin expressed in terms of feed cost/ kg live weight gain with inclusion of plantain peel in the diet. The results of this study showed that ripeness slightly improved the nutritive value of DPP which can be included al 20% in weaned rabbits ' diet to replace maize.

scholarly journals Dietary Green Seaweed Compromises Overall Feed Conversion Efficiency but not Blood Parameters and Meat Quality and Stability in Broiler Chickens

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 547
Author(s):  
Tumisang Ben Matshogo ◽  
Caven Mguvane Mnisi ◽  
Victor Mlambo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Green Seaweed

Using seaweeds as sources of nutrients and beneficial bioactive compounds can promote sustainable production of functional poultry products. This study investigated the physiological and meat quality responses of Cobb 500 broiler chickens to graded levels of green seaweed (Ulva sp.) meal (SWM). Three hundred, two-week-old male chicks (159.3 ± 11.76 g live-weight) were randomly assigned to five diets formulated by diluting a standard broiler diet with SWM at 0 (SW0), 20 (SW20), 25 (SW25), 30 (SW30) and 35 g/kg (SW35). There were neither linear nor quadratic trends (p > 0.05) for overall feed intake, overall growth performance and carcass and meat quality traits. Overall feed conversion efficiency (R2 = 0.192, p = 0.018) and spleen weights (R2 = 0.182; p = 0.020) linearly declined as SWM levels increased. Linear and quadratic responses (p > 0.05) were observed for lymphocytes. There were linear effects for meat pH except on day 7 of storage. Meat lightness (L*) linearly increased whereas meat redness (a*) quadratically responded to SWM levels (day 3 of storage). While an optimum inclusion level could not be established for seaweed based on growth performance, improvements in some meat shelf life indicators were observed in the broilers reared on seaweed-containing diets.

Intensive beef production 1. Performance of cattle given complete ground diets

1963 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Preston ◽  
F. G. Whitelaw ◽  
J. N. Aitken ◽  
A. Macdearmid ◽  
Euphemia B. Charleson
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Score Card ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Commercial Value

SUMMARY1. Seventeen Friesian steers, 25 Aberdeen-Angus crossbred steers and 33 Aberdeen-Angus crossbred heifers were fed on complete ground diets from 3 months of age until slaughter.2. The average time taken from 84 days of age to reach a slaughter live-weight of 400 kg. was 334 days for Friesian steers and 356 days for the crossbred steers. The crossbred heifers took 354 days to reach a slaughter live-weight of 350 kg. Feed conversion efficiency was best for Friesian steers and poorest for crossbred heifers.3. The ratio of hindquarter to forequarter in the carcass did not differ between breeds. There were marked differences in fat development, this being most pronounced in the crossbred heifers and least in the Friesian steers.4. The commercial value of the carcasses was assessed by a score card based on measurements, analysis of the tenth rib cut and visual appraisal. There was no difference between the scores for crossbred steers and heifers but the mean score for the Friesians was considerably lower.

scholarly journals The effect of supplementation of liquid and crystalline lysine to barley-distillers solids diet on the performance and carcass quality of pigs

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 559-567
Author(s):  
Jarmo Valaja
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Crystalline Form ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
High Level

The response to dietary lysine of liquid or crystalline form was examined in pigs fed on cereal protein dietsover the range of live weight from 25.0 to 95.0 kg. Forty individually fed growing pigs (20 gilts and 20castrated males) were allocated to four isonitrogenous diets consisting of barley, undehydrated distillers solids and a mixture of minerals and vitamins with lysine supplementation of 0.9 or 3.2 g pure lysine per kg DM in liquid or crystalline form to provide 7.1 or 9.1 g/FU total lysine, respectively. The pigs were given feed on a restricted scale twice daily. A high level of lysine supplementation significantly increased the growth rate and improved the feed conversion efficiency (p

A note on dried poultry manure in the diet of the growing pig

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Perez-Aleman ◽  
D. G. Dempster ◽  
P. R. English ◽  
J. H. Topps
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
Conventional Diet ◽  
Apparent Adverse Effect

SUMMARYDried poultry manure, produced locally by sterilization and drying, was evaluated as an addition to a conventional diet, at levels of 10, 20 and 30%, for growing pigs from 23 to 85 kg live weight. The 32 pigs remained healthy and the dried manure had no apparent adverse effect on the carcasses.There were significant linear relationships between the amount of manure added to the conventional diet and growth rate, feed conversion efficiency and certain carcass characteristics. For every 10% addition of manure, growth was reduced by 0·02 kg/day, feed conversion efficiency by 0·25 units and killing-out percentage by 0·96. The dried manure contained about 30% crude protein and was a rich source of minerals.

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