Chemical composition and nutrient digestibility of three varieties of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum ) by Sokoto Gudali heifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-278
Author(s):  
D. J. Akinjoye ◽  
O. A. Olorunnisomo
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
A Value

Pennisetum purpureum is often rejected by grazing cattle during the rainy season but readily acceptable during the dry season when forage is scarce. However, a significant limitation of elephant grass as fodder for ruminants is its low nutritive value which depreciates as the plant matures. Thus, this study was carried out to evaluate the chemical composition and digestibility of three varieties of Pennisetum purpureum by Sokoto Gudali heifers. The varieties (Landrace purple, S-King and S.13) were harvested at 8 weeks regrowth for the experiments. Nine Sokoto Gudali heifers of about 14 months of age and average weight of 178.05 kg were used for digestibility study and they were randomly assigned to the three experimental diets (L. purple, S-King and S.13) using completely randomised design. Results of chemical analysis of the grasses showed that L. purple had the highest CP content of 11.2% while S.13 and S-King had 7.7 and 7.4% respectively. Dry matter (DM) content was significantly (P<0.05) lowest in S-King with a value of 17.9%, higher in L. purple having a value of 22.5% and highest in S.13 with a value of 26.3%. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference in neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre of the three grasses. Results showed apparent digestibility values for S-King as 56.52, 50.06, 50.57 and 47.55% for DM, CP, EE and ash, respectively; S.13 had apparent digestibility values for same parameters as 68.89, 65.66, 51.18 and 58.82 respectively, while L. purple had apparent digestibility values of 69.77, 74.9, 71.45 and 61.4% for DM, CP, EE and ash respectively which were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of the other two varieties. Digestibility of crude fibre (CF) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) were highest in S.13 but not significantly different P>0.05) from L. purple and lowest in S-King. Apparent digestibility of nutrients differed significantly (P<0.05) across all parameters considered with S-King having the lowest digestibility values for all parameters. It is concluded that L. purple had the highest CP value and its nutrient contents were better digested than the other two varieties, thus recommended for production intensification

Response Surface Methodology for Studying the Effects of Feed Moisture and Ingredient Variations on the Chemical Composition and Appearance of Extruded Sorghum-Groundnut-Cowpea Blends

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel K. Asare ◽  
Samuel Sefa-Dedeh ◽  
Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa ◽  
Esther Sakyi-Dawson ◽  
Agnes S Budu
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
A Value ◽  
Single Screw Extruder ◽  
Feed Moisture ◽  
Calcium Iron

Studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of feed moisture and ingredient variations on the chemical composition and appearance of extruded sorghum-groundnut-cowpea blends using response surface methodology. Central composite rotatable design for k = 3 was used to study the combined effect of feed moisture (12 to 44 percent), groundnut concentration (zero to 10 percent) and cowpea level (zero to 20 percent) on the chemical composition and appearance of extruded ready-to-eat sorghum-legume blends in a single screw extruder. Product moisture, crude protein, crude fat, ash (minerals), crude fibre, carbohydrate and colour (L, a and b-values) were determined on the products using standard analytical methods. The results showed that irrespective of the feed moisture level, the extrusion process could reduce the product moisture to levels between six to 10 percent and low enough to extend the shelf life of the derived products. Increasing additions of cowpea and groundnut resulted in significant increases in protein, fat and ash (minerals - calcium, iron, and phosphorus) contents of the sorghum-legume extrudates. Increasing addition of cowpea decreased the redness of the sorghum extrudates, while no changes were noted with groundnut additions. Contrary, increasing groundnut addition generally increased the yellowness at all cowpea concentrations, while only minimal changes were noted with cowpea additions. The lightness of the sorghum extrudates decreased with increasing cowpea and groundnut concentrations, and this was more pronounced at higher cowpea concentrations and with increasing groundnut levels. The level of feed moisture showed no effect. Models developed for the indices gave R2-values ranging from 67.04 percent (for a-value) to 87.83 percent (for fat content), with insignificant lack of fits indicating the adequacy of the model in explaining the data. The optimal conditions likely to produce ready-to-eat puffed snack with enhanced nutritive value and appearance from sorghum-groundnut-cowpea blend extrudates was at low feed moisture (10 to 14 percent), cowpea level (18 to 20 percent) and groundnut level (six to eight percent).

Nutritive value of pasture. III. The influence of the intensity of grazing on the composition and nutritive value of pasture herbage (Part I)

1928 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Woodman
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Main Trial ◽  
Feeding Value

The present investigation was undertaken with the object of ascertaining the effect of cutting at fortnightly instead of weekly intervals on the yield of pastures, and on the composition, digestibility and nutritive value of the herbage.The main trial was carried out on the 1925 light-land pasture. The plot was divided into 14 sub-plots, and one sub-plot was mown per day. The whole plot, therefore, was cut over once per fortnight during the season. The results in respect of yield, composition and nutritive value were compared with corresponding results obtained on the same pasture plot under a system of weekly cuts during 1925.A second trial was carried out on sub-plots 2 and 3 of the 1926 heavy-land pasture, one sub-plot being cut weekly and the other fort-nightly. The work in this case was restricted to securing comparative data in respect of yield and composition of herbage.The results from both trials lead to the conclusion that the differences in chemical composition, both organic and inorganic, between pasture grass cut at weekly and fortnightly intervals are inconsiderable. The dry matter of the fortnightly-cut grass is extremely rich in crude protein and contains, in comparison with grass cut at the hay stage of maturity, a low percentage of crude fibre. Moreover, these characteristics are retained, by systematic cutting at fortnightly intervals, over the entire season.The results of the digestion trials justify the conclusion that the dry matter of the pasture herbage grown under a system of fortnightly cutting is a protein concentrate equal in digestibility and nutritive value to that obtained by weekly cutting. There is no significant running off in respect of composition and feeding value during the second week of growth. At the end of a fortnight the herbage still consists of the same immature, non-lignified. tissue as it was at the end of a week's growth.

scholarly journals Nutritional value of elephant grass genotypes

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 951-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Henrique de Souza ◽  
Cristian Faturi ◽  
Luiz Fernando de Souza Rodrigues ◽  
Ednaldo da Silva Filho ◽  
Aníbal Coutinho do Rêgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Nutritive Values

Abstract: The objective of this work was to assess the nutritive value of four elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) genotypes. The chemical composition, intake by sheep, and digestibility of different genotypes (G1, G2, G3, and G4) were evaluated. A dry matter (DM) digestibility assay was performed with total leftovers and feces collected from 20 sheep kept in metabolic cages. G3 had lower DM intake in grams per animal per day compared with G1 and G2, and it had greater digestibility, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber values. G1, G2, and G4 have the best nutritive values among the evaluated genotypes.

Nutritive value of pasture: IV. The influence of the intensity of grazing on the yield, composition and nutritive value of pasture herbage (Part II)

1929 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Woodman ◽  
D. B. Norman ◽  
J. W. Bee
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Other Hand

The object of this series of investigations is to secure detailed information concerning the composition, digestibility and nutritive value of pasture grass in its different stages of growth. The results which were obtained in these respects by cutting the herbage of the experimental pasture plot at weekly and at fortnightly intervals have been described in previous communications. During the season of the present experiment, the trials have been carried a stage further by the adoption of a system of cutting at 3-weekly intervals. The main findings of the 1928 investigation are recorded below:(1) Chemical composition of 3-weekly pasture cuts: The adoption of a more lenient system of cutting at 3-weekly intervals led to a slight lowering of the percentage of crude protein in the grass and a slight raising of the percentages of crude fibre and N-free extractives. On the other hand, no corresponding effect was noted in respect of the ether extract, SiO2-free ash, lime and phosphate, the percentages of these constituents being very similar in the weekly and 3-weekly pasture samples obtained in 1928. The falling off of the percentage of crude protein in the 1928 3-weekly-mown herbage, as compared with the weekly and fortnightly-mown herbage of 1925 and 1927 respectively, was not wholly the consequence of the more lenient system of cutting, but was also due in part to the protein-depressing influence of the droughty periods which were experienced in the 1928 season.

scholarly journals Nutritive value and anatomical characterization from Pennisetum purpureum genotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e53064
Author(s):  
Fábio Nunes Lista ◽  
João Virgínio Emerenciano Neto ◽  
João Carlos de Carvalho Almeida ◽  
Bruno Borges Deminicis ◽  
David Ramos da Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

The research submitted samples from stems and leaf blades from tree genotypes of Pennisetum purpureum called 93-32-02, 92-70-02, and 91-06-02 (EMBRAPA - Dairy cattle) and elephant grass cv. Napier (reference cultivar) to the chemical, anatomical evaluations, and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) measurement. The anatomical characteristics of the stems and leaf blades, the chemical composition, and the IVDMD of these genotypes at 70 days of re-growth were correlated. Concerning IVDMD, the data highlighted differences, and the cultivar Napier presented the smallest value. Digital images obtained by light microscopy from cross-section reveal that all the stem and leaf blade have similar structural organization. Quantitative differences were verified mainly in the stem. The leaves displayed differences only in the mesophyll thickness. The genotypes showed higher potential in the rainy season since they had the largest IVDMD when compared to the cultivar Napier.

scholarly journals Production potential and chemical composition of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) at different ages for energy purposes

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (25) ◽  
pp. 1428-1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kesia Faria Vidal Ana ◽  
da Costa Barbe Tatiane ◽  
Figueiredo Daher Rogerio ◽  
Eustáquio Almeida Filho Janeo ◽  
Samara Nunes de Lima Roberta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum Schum

scholarly journals Nutrient absorption in lambs fed diets containing different amounts of phosphorus

2013 ◽  
pp. 3444-3451
Author(s):  
René Patiño P ◽  
Tanimara Soares da Silva ◽  
José C. Da Silva Filho ◽  
Mohamed Emad Nasser ◽  
Dorinha Smith Vitti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Reliable Parameter

ABSTRACTObjective. Evaluate the effect of increasing P intake on nutrient digestibility, and compare the true and apparent absorption coefficients of P and Ca in lambs. Materials and methods. Twenty-four Santa Ines sheep, with an average weight of 33.6 ± 1.6 kg, were distributed into four treatments (0, 2, 4 and 6 g/day of supplementary P) with forage: concentrate ratio of 70:30. The study of apparent nutrient digestibility was conducted during the first week, using the total feces collection method. During the second week, after injection of 7.4 MBq of 32P and 7.7 MBq of 45Ca, apparent (AAC) and true (TAC) absorption coefficients of P and Ca were determined. The lambs were kept in metabolic cages. Results. The increase in P intake did not affect (p>0.05) dry matter, crude protein, NDF or ADF digestibility, but the TAC of P and Ca and mineral matter digestibility decreased. The AAC was not affected (p=0.10). A cubic relationship was observed between P intake and TAC (TAC=2.16–1.95X+0.55X2-0.04X3; R2=0.38) and linear relationship with the TAC of Ca (TAC=0.559–0.03X; R2=0.26). TAC and AAC values were different (p<0.001). Conclusions. The increase in P intake doesn’t impact organic matter digestibility, but does affect P and Ca absorption. Apparent digestibility is not a reliable parameter to determine the efficiency of P and Ca absorption.

Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Protein of the Pea Seeds - Effect of Harvesting Year and Variety

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kotlarz ◽  
Agnieszka Sujak ◽  
Wacław Strobel ◽  
Wilhelm Grzesiak
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Fiber Fractions ◽  
Pea Seeds

Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Protein of the Pea Seeds - Effect of Harvesting Year and VarietyWe tested nutritional usability of pea seeds (Pisum sativumL.) at full maturity. Four white-flowering and 5 colour-flowering new Polish cultivars were compared. We determined proximate composition of ground seeds collected over 4 years period as well as amino acids, minerals (Ca, P, Na, K), tannins and fiber fractions (NDF, ADF, ADL). The seeds contained between 224 and 260 g·kg-1of crude protein which was rich in Lys (6.8±0.8 g) but poor in Met+Cys (2.0±0.2 g·16 g-1N). The amount of tannins (as tannic acid equivalent) in white-flowering cvs was 4.3±0.9 g and in colour-flowering - 7.4±2.2 g. The calculated protein nutritional values were compared against amino acid standards of human and animal nutrition and the whole egg protein. Effects of the cropping year and variety variance in respect of chemical composition of seeds were examined. Crude protein, crude oil, N-free extractives, tannins, K, amino acid content: Leu, Phe+Tyr and Ala content were influenced significantly by the cultivar, while the cropping year had a significant influence on dry matter, crude ash, crude protein, crude fibre, crude oil, N-free extractives ADF and ADL fiber fractions, content of P, Na and K, most of the amino acid levels and on nutritional values of the protein measured by means of CS and EAAI indices.

scholarly journals Nutritional value, fermentation losses and aerobic stability of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) silage treated with exogenous fibrolytic enzymes

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e48272
Author(s):  
Maikon Figueredo Lemos ◽  
Alexandro Pereira Andrade ◽  
Pedro Henrique Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Camila Oliveira Santos ◽  
Caio Felipe Barros Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Fibrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum Schum

The aim of this study was to evaluate nutritional value, fermentation losses, and aerobic stability of elephant grass silage (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) treated with exogenous fibrolytic enzymes. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replicates (experimental silos) and five levels of fibrolytic enzymes (0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0%). For this, the elephant grass was ensiled at 70 days of age in plastic buckets with 20L capacity. Silos were opened 60 days after sealing. Analyses were made for chemical composition, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), effluent losses (EL), gas losses (GL) and dry matter recovery (DMR), as well as the aerobic stability of the silage. Data were analyzed with PROC REG of SAS® University, at 5% probability. There was an increase in IVDMD content (p < 0.0001) and reduction in NDF and ADF contents (p < 0.0001) according to enzyme levels. These results were related to the increase in the degradation of fiber fractions. There were higher EL (p = 0.0062) as a function of enzyme levels and aerobic deterioration after silo opening, at all levels tested. Thus, it can be concluded that the exogenous fibrolytic enzymes change the chemical composition of elephant grass silage, and increase its digestibility and nutritional value. Moreover, when used alone as an additive, fibrolytic enzymes are not able to recover all dry matter of this silage (with effluent and gas losses), and are not able to maintain aerobic stability in the first hours after opening the silos.

Plant and animal responses of elephant grass pasture-based systems mixed with pinto peanut

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
A. C. Vieira ◽  
C. J. Olivo ◽  
C. B. Adams ◽  
J. C. Sauthier ◽  
L. R. Proença ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
High Density ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Grazing Systems

AbstractThe effects of growing pinto peanut mixed with elephant grass-based pastures are still little known. The aim of the current research was to evaluate the performance of herbage yield, nutritive value of forage and animal responses to levels of pinto peanut forage mass mixed with elephant grass in low-input systems. Three grazing systems were evaluated: (i) elephant grass-based (control); (ii) pinto peanut, low-density forage yield (63 g/kg of dry matter – DM) + elephant grass; and (iii) pinto peanut, high-density dry matter forage yield (206 g/kg DM) + elephant grass. The experimental design was completely randomized with the three treatments (grazing systems) and three replicates (paddocks) in split-plot grazing cycles. Forage samples were collected to evaluate the pasture and animal responses. Leaf blades of elephant grass and the other companion grasses of pinto peanut were collected to analyse the crude protein, in vitro digestible organic matter and total digestible nutrients. The pinto peanut, high-density dry matter forage yield + elephant grass treatment was found to give the best results in terms of herbage yield, forage intake and stocking rate, as well as having higher crude protein contents for both elephant grass and the other grasses, followed by pinto peanut with low-density forage yield + elephant grass and finally elephant grass alone. Better results were found with the grass–legume system for pasture and animal responses.

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