scholarly journals Positive response of rabbits fed varying levels of palm kernel cake as a replacement for wheat offal

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
A. M. Umar ◽  
A. S. Muhammad ◽  
N. Adamu ◽  
M. Modi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Palm Kernel Cake ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Insignificant Difference

A major cost of producing rabbits is that of feed. Palm kernel cake is cheaper and locally available than wheat offal. This study was therefore, conducted to evaluate the performance of rabbits fed Palm Kernel Cake (PKC) as a replacement for Wheat Offal (WO). Twenty weaned rabbits of both sexes were used in the experiment. The rabbits were allocated to five diets, each with four replicates. Each diet contained the same quantities of ingredients but PKC and WO were varied such that diet (A) was 0% PKC and 40% WO, (B)10% PKC and 30% WO, (C)20% PKC and 20% WO, (D)30% PKC and 10% WO, and (E)40% PKC and 0% WO to measure feed intake, growth rate and feed conversion ratio. Carcass and organs of the rabbits were analysed. Average daily feed intake of rabbits recorded for diet A, B, C, D and E was 49.37, 40.05, 38.18, 39.10 and 56.05. The results revealed an  insignificant difference in final weights of rabbits among all treatments which ranged from 777.50g (A) to 965.00g (E). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was also not significant and ranged from 5.21 – 4.55 with diet A having the highest FCR. There were also no significant differences in carcass and organ weights among the treatments. The carcass weight ranged from 395.00g to 594.25g on diet A and E respectively. Diet E had the highest dressing percentage (57.70%) while the least was recorded for diet B (53.28%). It can be concluded that PKC compared favourably with WO and could be used to replace the latter without  deleterious effects.

scholarly journals Effects of graded levels of kolanut husk on the performance of cockerels

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
B. B. Babatunde ◽  
R. A. Hamzat
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Dietary Level ◽  
Linear Reduction

Eighty black Nera cockerel chicks were randomly alloted to four dietarey treatmants containing 0, 10, 20 and 30% kolanut husk meal (KHM) for twelve weeks. Significant differences (P<0.05) in feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio were observed. Dietary inclusion of KHM depressed (P<0.05) growth rate feed conversion ratio and nutrition uilization of cockerels birds. There were linear reduction (P>0.05) in nitrogen retention and apparent crude fibre digestibility (ACFD) of  cockerels birds at each incremental KHM dietary levels. This indicated that KHM could be effeciently utilized by cockerels up to 205 dietary level above which the depression in growth rate occurs.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DIETARY TOASTED LEUCAENA LEUCOCEPHALA SEED MEAL ON THE GROWTH AND FEED UTILIZATION OF CLARIID CATFISH CLARIAS GARIEPINUS FINGERLINGS

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Aliu BS ◽  
◽  
Obuseli OI ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion

An experiment was designed and carried out to assess the growth performance and feed utilization (weight gain, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, specific growth rate, feed intake and survival) of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings fed graded levels of toasted Leucaena leucocephala seed meal based diets with the aim of establishing the best inclusion level of Leucaena seed meal. One hundred and eight (108) fingerlings with an initial mean weight of 2.10g were allotted at random to six treatments in triplicate groups with each treatment tank having six fingerlings and were fed with isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets containing 40% crude protein (CP). The toasted seed meal was used to replace soybean meal in the diets in the following proportions: diets I (0%), diets II (10%), diets III (20%), diets IV (30%), diets V (40%) and diets VI (50%). At the end of the feeding trials that lasted for 6 weeks, the mean weight gains of fish, relative weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency was highest in treatment I while mean weight gain of fish, relative weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio was lowest in treatment V. Feed intake was lowest in treatment VI and protein efficiency was lowest in treatment II. Survival among treatments slightly varied significantly but was not as a result of the feed consumed. At the end of the experiment, the recommended inclusion level of Leucaena seed meal was 20%.

scholarly journals Consequences of prenatal and preweaning growth for feedlot growth, intake and efficiency of Piedmontese- and Wagyu-sired cattle

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Cafe ◽  
D. W. Hennessy ◽  
H. Hearnshaw ◽  
S. G. Morris ◽  
P. L. Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Or Efficiency

Consequences of low (mean 28.0 kg, n = 77) and high (mean 38.4 kg, n = 77) birthweight followed by slow (mean 548 g/day, n = 75) or rapid (mean 859 g/day, n = 79) growth to weaning for feedlot growth, intake and efficiency from 26 to 30 months of age were determined in Wagyu × Hereford (n = 81) and Piedmontese × Hereford (n = 73) cattle. Cattle were selected for study based on birthweight and preweaning growth rate, from multi-modal distributions achieved by imposition of low or high maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation, with the objective of achieving as close as possible to a 30% difference in birthweight and a 2-fold difference in preweaning growth rate between progeny groups. High birthweight cattle entered the intake test 57 kg heavier, grew 100 g/day more rapidly, and ate 1.0 kg dry matter /day more than the low birthweight cattle. The high birthweight cattle tended to have a higher feed conversion ratio than low birthweight cattle, but net feed intake did not differ due to birthweight group. Cattle grown rapidly to weaning entered the intake test 29 kg heavier, grew at an equivalent rate, and ate 0.7 kg dry matter/day more than the cattle grown slowly to weaning. No differences in feed conversion ratio or net feed intake were observed between the preweaning groups. When assessed at the same liveweight, differences in dry matter intake and/or feed conversion ratio due to birthweight or preweaning growth were no longer apparent. Interactions between prenatal and preweaning growth, or between sire genotype and early-life growth, were not evident for feedlot growth, intake or efficiency. It is concluded that severely restricted growth during prenatal life or from birth to weaning results in cattle that are smaller and consume less feed at the same age as their well grown counterparts; however, long-term effects of growth during early life on efficiency of utilisation of feed are not evident.

scholarly journals Effect of palm kernel cake and deoiled palm kernel cake on the performance of cockerels

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
S. A. Adesida ◽  
J. A. Agunbiade ◽  
O. O. Eniolorunda
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Palm Kernel Cake ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Forty (40), thirteen weeks old cockerels were allocated to five dietary treatments after balancing for weight. The eight birds on each dietary treatment were replicated four times, such that two birds served as a replicate. In diet 1 (control) contain 0% Palm Kernel Cake (KPC) and Deoiled Palm Kernel Cake (DOC). Diet 2 and 3 continued 40% KPC, Diet 2 was presented in mash form while Diet 3 was presented in pellet. Diets 4 and 5 contained 40% DOC, Diet 4 was presented as mash while diet % was presented as pellet. Dietary treatments had no effect (P>0.05) on daily weight gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Significant dietary effects (P>0.05) were however noted for daily feed intake (FI) and weight of spleen. In ecocomic terms Diet one was the most expensive (#30.03/kg) while Diet 4 was the cheapest (#15.85/kg). Birds on Dietary Treatment 1 elicited the highest cost/kg weight 314.13/kk weight gain while it cost #160.50 to gain 1kg of weight by birds on Diet 4. The results obtained in this study indicated that both PKC and DOC can be used to some appreciable extent in the feed of cockerels. The use of PKC and DOC considerably feed costs of cockerels. 

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF REPLACING DIETARY FISH MEAL WITH PERIWINKLE FLESH ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS.

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
B. I. OKON ◽  
B. K. OGUNMODEDE
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Palm Kernel Cake ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Dietary Fish ◽  
Better Than

Broiler chickens were fed varying levels of Palm Kernel Cake (PKC), fishmeal and dried Periwinkle flesh. The use of isocaloric and isonitrogenous rations showed that feeding of 6% periwinkle flesh or 2% fishmeal along with 25% PKC significantly improved live weight, (P<0.05) weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The two groups of birds fed these rations performed better than those fed either 15% PKC with 2% fishmeal or 25% PKC along with a mixture of 2.5% periwinkle flesh and 1% fishmeal.

Effect of dietary salt (NaCl) level on the growth performance of liquid fed growing-finishing pigs.

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 71-71
Author(s):  
C.A. Tsourgiannis ◽  
V. Demečková ◽  
J. Eddison ◽  
P.H. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Unrestricted Access ◽  
Biting Behaviour

Salt (NaCl) is an essential mineral and its rate of inclusion in diets has been implicated in the development and expression of biting behaviour. Falkowskiet al., (1998) found that withholding salt from diets reduced the feed intake and feed conversion ratio of weaned pigs and significantly decreased growth rate. Studies reported by Fraser (1987), suggested that heightened appetite for salt could make pigs particularly attracted to pen mates with injured tails. More recently Tsourgiannis,et al., (2002) reported that 1.5% salt inclusion levels can significantly reduce the incidence of tail-biting, providing that there is unrestricted access to fresh water. This study investigated the effect on growth performance of pigs fed liquid diets containing high and low dietary salt levels for growing/finishing pigs.

scholarly journals Determination of the optimum dietary levels of cracked and cooked jackbean meal for finisher broilers

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-180
Author(s):  
A. B. I. Udedibie ◽  
B. O. Esonu ◽  
U. Okah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Organ Weights

A 35-day feeding trial was conducted to determine the optimal dietary level(s) of cracked and cooked (CAC) jackbean meal for finisher broilers. Five diets were formulated such that they contained cracked and cooked jackbean meal ai 0%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% levels respectively. Each diet was fed to a group of 45 finisher broiler birds beginning at 5 weeks of age. Average daily feed intake of the groups were 99.00g, 95.00g, 89.00g, 89.00g and 90.00g for the control, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% respectively. Body weight gains were 34.00g, 33.00g, 30.00g, 27.00g and 23.00g respectively and feed conversion ratio for the groups were 2.95, 2.88, 2.91, 3.25 and 3.83 respectively. There were no significant (P >0.05) differences among the control (0%), 15% and 20% groups in feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The 25% und 30% groups however, showed significantly (P < 0.05) depressed body weight gain and poor feed conversion ratio. Organ weights of the birds relative to body weight did not indicate any significant differences among the five experimental groups. The results of this trial suggest that the optimal dietary inclusion of cracked and cooked jackbean meal for finisher broiler is 20% 

scholarly journals Extended nursing and/or increased starter diet allowances for low weaning weight pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1301-1309
Author(s):  
Aimee-Louise Craig ◽  
Ramon Muns ◽  
Alan Gordon ◽  
Elizabeth Magowan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dietary Regime ◽  
Grower Diet

Objective: To evaluate the use of nurse sows and post-weaning nutrition strategies for low wean weight (WW) pigs on lifetime growth and efficiency.Methods: Animals (n = 270) were assigned to one of five treatments at 28 d. Low WW pigs (<6 kg) were either weaned and offered a special dietary regime recommended for low WW pigs (WEAN) or placed on a nurse sow (NURSE) and weaned at 49 d. Normal WW pigs (9 kg) (NORM) were also weaned at 28 d. After weaning, NORM and NURSE pigs were offered either a ‘high’ (4 kg/pig of starter 1 diet followed by 8 kg/pig of starter 2 diet) or ‘low’ (8 kg/pig of starter 2 diet) starter diet allowance in a 2×2 factorial arrangement. A typical grower diet was then offered, followed by a typical finisher diet until 147 d of age.Results: NORM pigs where heavier throughout their life compared to NURSE pigs (91.4 kg vs 76.2 kg at 147 d; p<0.001). WEAN pigs were heavier at 70 d compared to NURSE pigs (23.9 kg vs 21.0 kg; p<0.001), but there was no significant difference at 147 d between NURSE and WEAN treatments. NURSE pigs had reduced feed intake throughout the finishing period (1.6 kg/d; p<0.001) compared to WEAN (2.0 kg/d) and NORM (1.9 kg/d) pigs. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of NURSE (2.20) was lower than NORM and WEAN during the finishing period (2.40 and 2.79, respectively).Conclusion: Extended (up to 49 d) nursing for low WW pigs resulted in improved FCR during the finishing period, but no overall improvement in growth rate compared to low WW pigs weaned at 28 d and offered a specialised starter regime. Normal WW pigs where significantly heavier than low WW pigs throughout the study.

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