scholarly journals Todellinen elämä: Bergson ja koettu luonto

2021 ◽  
pp. 147-161
Author(s):  
Jan-Ivar Lindén
Keyword(s):  
Friedrich Nietzsche ◽  
William James ◽  
Georg Simmel ◽  
Max Scheler ◽  
Wilhelm Dilthey

Bergsonin elämänfilosofia liittyy laajaan suuntaukseen, joka syntyi biologian mullistuksien myötä 1800-luvun loppupuolella (Friedrich Nietzsche, Wilhelm Dilthey, Menyhert Palágyi, Ludwig Klages, Max Scheler, Georg Simmel, William James...). Sikäli kuin naturalismi tulkitaan tämän päivän keskustelussa usein yksipuolisesti materialismiksi, elämänfilosofia voi antaa toisen kiinnostavan näkökulman ihmisen asemaan luonnossa. Suuntaus on tässä suhteessa vahvasti vaikuttanut fenomenologisiin teorioihin subjektin ruumiillisuudesta ja yleensäkin embodiment-käsitteeseen. Artikkelin tarkoitus on valaista filosofisen psykologian ja luonnonfilosofian suhdetta Bergsonin tuotannossa, temaattisesti syventää tätä suhdetta sekä historiallisesti ja ontologisesti taustoittaa Bergsonin filosofiaa, muun muassa suhteessa hänen edeltäjänsä Félix Ravaissonin aristotelismiin.

scholarly journals Georg Simmel, Stefan George und der Erste Weltkrieg

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (53) ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
Gerd Hammer ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Max Weber ◽  
Martin Buber ◽  
Fundamental Change ◽  
Georg Simmel ◽  
Ernst Bloch ◽  
Max Scheler ◽  
Stefan George ◽  
Pace Of Life ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Great War

Initially, the Great War was received euphorically by many writers and philosophers, including Max Weber, Martin Buber and Max Scheler along with Georg Simmel. For Simmel, the war was synonimous with a greater pace of life, a form of dealing with / overcoming the levelling of society caused by the worshipping of money (´Mammonismus`). This exaltation of the war on the part of intellectuals was not common to all – the harsh criticisms of Simmel´s enthusiasm for the war on the part of Georg Lucácz and Ernst Bloch are well-known. Regarding Stefan George, in 1901 Simmel had written: ´His art has been known since its beginning for the wish to act exclusively like an art (...) the fundamental change is complete: that on the contrary, all content is merely the means for forming values that are purely aesthetics.` Therefore, in the aesthetic of Stefan George, Simmel acknowledges the reason that George will reject the war – contrary to many members of George´s circle (George-Kreis) and has its expression in the poem ´The War`, first published in 1917. This contribution seeks to demonstrate the philosophical and aesthetical reasons for enthusiasm for the war and its rejection by Simmel and George, attitudes that are not able to be explained by the opposition to militarism/pacifism that is normally deployed to distinguish between supporters and critics of the war.

»Schöpferische Zerstörung« Über ein Philosophem deutscher Intellektueller im Kulturkrieg

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 57-78
Author(s):  
Michael Großheim
Keyword(s):  
Public Debate ◽  
Henri Bergson ◽  
Culture War ◽  
Georg Simmel ◽  
Max Scheler ◽  
Philosophy Of Life ◽  
Creative Power ◽  
Georg Misch ◽  
Alfred Döblin

Georg Simmel is among the intellectuals taking part in the German side of the »Culture War«, parallel to the war 1914–1918. This article discusses three different meanings of »Culture War«: 1. »Culture War« as war about culture, 2. »Culture War« as war by means of culture, 3. »Culture War« as aggravated proceeding of criticism of culture. Among the motives of the »Culture War« is the reproach of »barbarism« made by Henri Bergson against the German side originating from a public debate after the destruction of the Cathedral of Reims. In the reactions of German intellectuals (alongside Georg Simmel were Alfred Döblin, Friedrich Gundolf, Max Scheler and Georg Misch) a reinterpretation of the concept of culture is apparent, inspired by philosophy of life and leading to a peculiar »ethic of the creative power of culture«. Simmel’s examination of the generic case of the Cathedral of Reims conclusively serves as prototype of a criticism of this approach: German intellectuals confuse metaphors stemming from the sphere of nature with those of culture without reflection, thus obliterating essential differences between those spheres.

Genesis and characteristics of the Christian worldwide (based on the publications of the «Nyva» journal (Lviv, 1904—1939s) and in the works of theologists of the late 19th ― early 20th cc.)

2019 ◽  
pp. 113-145
Author(s):  
Roman Blikharskyi
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Max Scheler ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Wilhelm Dilthey ◽  
Religious Worldview ◽  
Christian Worldview ◽  
History Of ◽  
Important Means ◽  
First Time

The Ukrainian religious Christian press, since its inception, was an important means of disseminating information necessary for the life of the Church. Besides the issues of purely Christian doctrine, the authors of religious journals outlined and criticized the ideological tendencies among the representatives of the Ukrainian secular intelligentsia. Their scientific, artistic, social and political activities greatly influenced the then social realities, and partially determined a political future of Ukraine. In the early 20th century, on the pages of the Ukrainian Galician religious periodicals, namely the «Nyva» journal (Lviv, 1904—1939s), there were published a series of articles dealing with the Christian worldview. We have elucidated the reasons why in the late 19th century—the early 20th century for the first time there emerged a necessity to discuss the Christian worldview, contrary to other non-religious worldview models of the modernity. The history of the worldview concept and variation of approaches to its meaning clarifying, the theory of the process of formation of the mindset as well as ways of classification of its different forms, specifically religious worldview, in the philosophical works of Karl Jaspers, Max Scheler and Wilhelm Dilthey, have been researched. As for the Christian-based worldview, we have determined the approaches to the systematization and unification of the ideological principles of the Christians. Those were studied in the writings of thinkers of different Christian denominations, namely Protestantism (James Orr, Abraham Kuyper), Orthodoxy (Mikhail Tareiev), and Catholicism (specifically, the authors of the «Nyva» journal). Keywords: worldview, Christianity, Christian worldview, religion, philosophy, religious periodicals, «Nyva» journal.

The Continental Cultural Tradition

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf H.A. Rushdy
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Friedrich Nietzsche ◽  
Soren Kierkegaard ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Max Scheler

This chapter argues that Continental existentialist philosophers of the nineteenth century—especially Søren Kierkegaard, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Max Scheler—developed another model of resentment as an emotion that was less focused on its possibly stimulating the desire for justice and more focused on self-involved spitefulness, envy, and rancor. In this philosophical tradition, philosophers who were both explicitly Christian and emphatically anti-Christian in their outlook examined resentment as a brooding antisocial passion whose origins they variously traced to the post-Napoleonic world, the first Abrahamic faith, or humanist Europe. Implied in their models of resentment is that it is a cultural and collective malaise.

THE IDEA OF PERSONALITY IN PHILOSOPHY OF IMMANUEL KANT, FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE, MAX SCHELER

2018 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
V. Sabadukha
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Friedrich Nietzsche ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hierarchical Approach ◽  
Max Scheler ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Theoretical Apparatus

The purpose of the article is to analyze the views of I. Kant, F. Nietzsche, and M. Scheler on the problem of personality in the context of the principle of spiritual hierarchy. To do this we need to solve the following problems: first, to make a comparative analysis of their views; and second, to formulate the main theses of the author's metaphysical concept of personality. To analyze the problem of personality, the methodology of knowledge of K. Mannheim and the ideas of P. Ricker have been applied. On the basis of the principle of the spiritual hierarchy, the author's understanding of the meaning of the concept of "personality" is formulated. The metaphysical concept of personality, revives the hierarchical approach to the understanding of a person, on the one hand, and, formulates a new theoretical apparatus for the enhanced understanding of a person and personality in particular, on the other hand. The proposed concept of personality lays the foundations for rethinking the content of the educational process, places on the agenda the study of mechanisms for the perfection of man and society.

Karl Jaspers

2018 ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
Matthias Bormuth
Keyword(s):  
Max Weber ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Intellectual Biography ◽  
Georg Simmel ◽  
Karl Jaspers ◽  
General Psychopathology ◽  
Wilhelm Dilthey ◽  
Founding Fathers ◽  
Self Reflection

This chapter discusses the psychopathological ideas of Karl Jaspers, one of the founding fathers of phenomenological thinking. Jaspers always admired researchers who used the means of natural sciences in psychiatry, but he relied more on the psychology of understanding conceptualized and exercised in the humanities (“Geisteswissenschaften”) by Wilhelm Dilthey, Max Weber, and Georg Simmel. The chapter first provides an overview of Jaspers’s intellectual biography as a psychiatrist before analyzing his methodological horizons of understanding psychology. It then examines what philosophical considerations motivated Jaspers to draw the “limits of understanding” closer and stricter in the last edition of his book General Psychopathology, first published in 1913. It suggests that these limits can be determined as an existential application of Immanuel Kant’s idea and antinomy of freedom. The chapter concludes with an assessment of Jaspers’s claim that existence-philosophical self-reflection constitutes a necessary supplement to psychotherapy.

Rorty's Nietzschean Pragmatism: A Jamesian Response

2004 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason M. Boffetti
Keyword(s):  
Friedrich Nietzsche ◽  
William James ◽  
Richard Rorty ◽  
Liberal Society ◽  
Radical Empiricism ◽  
Pragmatic Theory ◽  
What Works ◽  
Complete Interpretation

Richard Rorty makes the case that Friedrich Nietzsche shared a common pragmatism with William James in order to incorporate certain Nietzschean themes into neo-pragmatism and to give his philosophy stronger pragmatic credentials. In making this connection, he establishes a version of pragmatism that rejects both epistemology and metaphysics, reduces the pragmatic theory of truth to “truth is what works,” places the Darwinian account of man at the center of the human narrative, and makes Nietzschean “self-creation” the chief end of a postmodern, post-religious liberal society. But if one reads James more faithfully (a task that Rorty rejects), it is clear that James does not succumb to the nihilism, perspectivalism, and atheism characteristic of Rorty's Nietzschean pragmatism. A more comprehensive reading of James's philosophy brings together James's pragmatism, his pluralism, and his radical empiricism. And this more complete interpretation of James's pragmatism offers a pluralistic and hopeful approach to politics that does not suffer from Nietzsche's and Rorty's nihilistic, relativistic, and antipolitical tendencies.

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