«Knyzhkova Teka» in the focus of research of the specialized press of the period of independence of Ukraine

The article describes the main typological characteristics of the specialized newspaper of the literary-publishing direction «Knyzhkova Teka». It was issued in Ukraine during 1994―1997s. The thematic and heading corpus of the newspaper, genre specifics, artistic and technical design, have been analyzed. In the context of research of the trade newspaper of book thematic the defining typological criteria were the audience orientation, as well as others: a nature of the impact (semantic characteristics ― the subject of presentation, or the scope of reflective reality, the nature of the presentation); authorship; the size of the readership (circulation), and so on. An attention is also focused upon a study of the problems of the literary and publishing process of that time, specifically its reflection on the pages of the analyzed media. A particular attention is paid to the review, specifically processing the issues of the newspaper «Knyzhkova Teka». The main typological characteristics are described: authorship, artistic and technical design, as well as thematic-heading content. The content analysis of information-analytical publications of the various types and genres is carried out. The newspaper is considered as an attempt of emerging trade medium in book journalism. It can serve as one of the examples of discursive practice of that time ― cultural journalism, book journalism. Such methods of research have been employed here: system, terminological analysis, contextual, communication, content analysis method, comparative, as well as a historical one. Keywords: book journalism, professional press, newspaper, book media, information policy of mass media, channels and means of promotion, «Knyzhkova Teka».

«Ukrainische Korrespondenz» (Vienna, 1917—1918) about the Ukrainian revolution: sources of information and specifics of content

The article studies the problems of covering the revolutionary developments of 1917―1918s in Ukraine in the Ukrainian influential German-language magazine «Ukrainische Korrespondenz». Established and issued by the Main Ukrainian Rada, it actively reacted to the revolutionary transformations in the Russian Empire in 1917. It primarily covered processes of state changes in the Great (Russian-controlled) Ukraine, specifically the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917―1921s. «Ukrainische Korrespondenz» aimed to familiarize readers with these developments. Its editors used as sources information of the Ukrainian, Russian, the digest of the West European press, as well as own analytical materials. At first, it had to use borrowed informations, because the Ukrainian Press Bureau was established in Vienna only in August 1917. At that time the editors of the magazine were able to use materials of its own correspondents. In reporting the Ukrainian Revolution the editorial office preferred materials received from the Russian officials and the party press, which it considered objective. On the contrary, the materials from the Polish press were considered as unreliable, biased, and even fabricated. Most analytical materials regarding the solution of the Ukrainian cause, the editors drew from the German press. The latter was most interested in a positive outcome of the Ukrainian nationstate aspirations. A minor segment among the foreign press publications as a source in coverage of the issue of the Ukrainian Revolution was the French press. This could be explained by that the concept of «Ukraine» was a taboo in France at that time. The growing interest to the Ukrainian question in France happened only with the beginning of the revolutionary events in Russia. News has been received with a considerable delay, its own analytical materials on this topic mainly belonged to V. Kalynovych. The information about the course of developments in Ukraine, changes in social and political life of the country coexisted with a justification of historical background necessary for these changes. Publications on the Ukrainian question relating to the revolutionary events in the Russian Empire and in the Russian Ukraine were gleaned by the German press authorship. The Austrian and German statesmen, political figures, as well as scholars focused on historical aspects of the Ukrainian history and predicted decisions for the development of the Ukrainian state. Materials of the Russian press, reprinted on the pages of the magazine, focused exclusively on clarifying a flow of developments. The bulk of publications of «Die Ukraine» covered issues of the Ukrainian question on the territory of the Eastern Galicia. They illuminated the revolutionary changes in the Great Ukraine, and considered it as a catalyst for positive nation-state decisions in the Western Ukraine. Keywords: Ukrainian, «Ukrainische Korrespondenz», Germanspeaking, Russian, Polish, French press, information, revolutionary events, Ukrainian statehood, Ukrainian question.

Archival phonograms on the musical radio as a type of service auditory documents

In modern high-technology conditions entire process of creating, circulation and distribution of the auditory information, accumulated in phonograms, inherits integration properties that stipulate internal unity of the structure and dynamics of the phonodocumental communication. The research, performed within the framework of Document studies, Archive studies and Musical Art, dedicated to the development of the sound recording classification problem in communication area from the position of archival phonograms selection on the musical radio as a special type of service auditory documents with specific features — types of sound carriers, specifics of the fixed sound content and specifics of the service functions. The publication develops the applying of the informational approach archival radio phonodocuments that currently stay on the periphery of the research interest even comparing to other types of the tecehnotronic documents — pictorial, audiovisual, electronic information sources, different types of the technical documentation.Phonodocumental communication has features of the complicated open area. According to the author’s idea disconnected elements from the radio sector, that were organically collected together and integrated to the balanced phonodocumental communication system. The essence and the purpose of such types of the phonoduments are clarified, also the main regularities of the formation and principles of the classification were formulated. Moreover, based on the fact that radioarchives and some other cultural institutions perform functional of the music information complex repository, this article tells about music sources preservation technologies not only in the radio copmanies archives but in libraries, museums, etc. The expansion of the research field at the expense of the advanced systematization of advantages and disadvantages of the archival radiophonogram consumer format revision was begun. The research approach that was the basis for publication helps to overcome some differences including modern science and educational literature. Keywords: Archive, Audiodocuments, Music, Radio, Service,Phonogram.

Photos of Levko Yanushevych on the pages of Ukrainian magazines

The article studies the activities of one of the famous Ukrainian photographers of the XX century — Levko Yanushevych in the field of photography. We have systematized and characterized the artist’s photographs on the pages of Ukrainian and foreign (for Ukrainian emigrants) periodicals of the XX century, specifically, «Dilo», «Nashi Dni», «Nova Khata» (all titles in Lviv), «Kholms’ka zemlya» (Krakow), «Ukrainskyi visnyk», «Holos» (both in Berlin), «Na slidi» (Augsburg). The process of shaping Yanushevych’s creative personality via a prism of public activity and cooperation with famous figures is analyzed. The significant contribution of the photographer to the preservation of important facts and information about the Ukrainian intelligentsia of that time is revealed. Levko Yanushevych appears in the general picture of the XX century not only as a photojournalist of the cultural life of Ukraine, but also as an active participant in the processes taking place at the background of art. This is evidenced by articles, interviews and memoirs left by Yanushevych in local magazines. His popularity at that time is confirmed by publications in foreign editions made by efforts of the Ukrainian émigrés. Levko Yanushevych’s photographs are stored in the archives of the V. Stefanyk Institute of Library Art Resources Research of the Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv. They are not accessible in some magazines. The personality of this photographer is quite interesting not only in terms of his professionalism and famous works, but also as a cultural and public figure. His photo portraits are still stored on the pages of the Ukrainian General Encyclopedia. His photographs of landscapes and architectural masterpieces of the Ukrainian cities of the late XIX and early XX centuries help to plunge into the past. However, information about the photographer is very scarce, and there is no study of his work. In the mentioned press archives in 1920s, 1930s and 1940s, as well as some authorial articles available on the Internet were found about 50 photographs of the artist. We analyzed and systematized images by genre groupings. The article also covers a range of issues related to the origin and existence of photography in the 19-20th century, the main figures of the time, photo studios and vocational schools of Ukrainian photography. The findings of our research show trends in photography relevant in a perspective of the 21st century were experienced by professionals and amateurs in the past. Capturing information, transmitting emotions and feelings, preserving architectural monuments, landscapes, recording important moments in the lives of relatives or prominent people, coding or symbolism were important stages in the evolution of photography. Keywords: Levko Yanushevych’s photos, Ukrainian photographer, Ukrainian magazines, photography.

A bridge over Zbruch: Great Unity in the press of Ukrainian People’s Republic

In the article we analyze the press publications that covered the process of realizing the idea of consolidation and its theoretical reasoning in the journals of 1918—1919 in UNR and Ukrainian State. The subject of the research is newspaper materials of such press editions as «Nova Rada» (Kyiv, 1917—1919), «Kozatska Dumka» (Berdychiv, 1917), «Vidrodzennia» (Kiev, 1918), «Vistnyk Ukrainskoi Narodnoi Respubliky » (Kyiv, Vinnytsia, Kamianets-Podilsky, 1918—1919), «Respublikanski Visty» (Vinnytsia, 1918—1919), «Respublikanski Visty» (Kharkiv, 1918), «Zhyttia Podillia» (Kamianets-Podilsky, 1918—1919), «Kievskii Kommunist» (1918—1919) and others. Analysis of publications about consolidation reveals a wide range of factors that influenced the Act of Union on January 22, 1919 — historical, mental, ideological, political and informational. At the same time it reveals the inconsistency policy of the leaders of the Ukrainian Central Rada, in particular Mykhailo Hrushevskyi, of promoting the idea of the federation (which was de facto in opposition to the idea of consolidation). We have made comparative parallels of understanding the process of unification among Galician and Dnieper Ukrainians, taking into account the fact of the presence of Ukrainian lands within different empires — Russian and Austro-Hungarian, related to this fact internal contradictions among the Ukrainian political elite, open armed aggression against Ukraine. The repressions of the Russian authorities led to the destruction of the nationally-oriented Ukrainian political elite, whose numerous representatives did not know their native language. Additionally, the influence of socialist ideology caused the priority of social demands against national ones. Representatives of the Galicians, released after the revolution from the Siberian camps, have joined the government, administrative and educational institutions of Ukraine. The opponents of consolidation were the Bolsheviks, who saw the prospects of unification only under the red flag. In the journals were published texts of documents, described the process of the celebration on January 22, 1919, abstracts of V. Vynnychenko`s, S. Petliura`s, L. Tsehelsky`s and V. Olesnitsky`s speeches, published mottos for the necessity of the unity of the nation. Keywords: consolidation, Act of Union, federation, UNR, ZUNR, ukrainian press of 1918—1919.

Rhetorical figures in a publicistic style

The article deals with the actual practical aspects of the usage of rhetorical figures in publicistic style. The object of our research is rhetorical figures in publications of the magazine «Ukraiinskyi Tyzhden’», whilst its subject is functions of these unites in publicistic text. A particular attention has been paid to that a purpose of this style is to shape public opinion. Journalistic texts mould a special sphere for language functioning. There all language processes manifest themselves as a system, and language is employed as a means of impact, which has systematic and specific textual characteristics. The use of some rhetorical figures shows how syntactic constructions express the structure of the author’s thinking, increase the persuasiveness and power of influenceon readership. The material for the research is publications of the magazine «Ukraiinskyi Tyzhden’». This article aims to show how syntactic constructions express the structure of the author’s thinking, increase the persuasiveness and the power of influence on its readers. It has been determined that in the publicistic style the figures of accumulation, dialogue, rhythmization are actively used. They help to emphasize the information, to pay attention to the important elements of the material submitted by the author. Authors of nonfiction texts often combine several rhetorical figures into a single syntactic construction to provide the reader with a clearer picture. It has been elucidated that a rhetorical question is the strongest rhetorical figure in publicism, specifically, in the case study of the magazine «Ukraiinskyi Tyzhden’». We argue that such usage broadens limits of means of publicistic style, facilitates an effective communication of problems of contemporary society. Additionally, it enriches knowledge of readers, system of values and thoughts, as well as shapes public opinion. Keywords: rhetorical figures, publicistic style, journalistic text, syntactic construction, media.

The childhood representation in the Ukrainian internet media

At present, online resources play a leading role among news channels. Therefore for the study we selected journalistic content from the three leading online media of Ukraine for 2019 («Ukrayinsʹka Pravda», «TSN» and «Channel 24»). A detailed content analysis of articles on the topics of childhood and children as vulnerable social group representatives has been conducted, by the agency of special media coverage techniques. Thematic classification of materials has been proposed: social (success and achievement stories, school life, health, culture, science, behavioral social studies), public (child support programs, legislative reform, community organizations and initiatives, children assistance), family (tips for parents, ideas for leisure), tabloids (accidents and road crashes, child abuse, star children, funny cases, and curiosities). The biggest was the group of tabloid materials (47.6%), the second place was occupied by the social problems’ materials (21.6%), family texts amounted to 8.11%, and public interest ― only 2.5%. The trends of the image of children in the media were distinguished based on a statistical study of materials (children in the materials of the Internet media were presented in two main directions: 1) weakness and lack of security; 2) fun and carelessness with a significant predominance of the first group). The creation of the image of childhood analysis following the standards of journalistic work is conducted and the overall evaluation of the topic development and ways of its coverage is given. The prerequisites for the subject of follow-up studies on childhood in mass media were created. Keywords: children, childhood image, Internet media, content analysis, journalism.

The Ukrainian periodicals of Galicia on Ostap Nyzhankivskyi’s musical activities in the 1880s

The paper aims to analyze the areas of Ostap Nyzhankivskyi’s musical activities in the 1880s via a prism of the publications in «Dilo» and «Zorya» press publications. Their content and main topics as well as the aspects of his music career have been systematized and analyzed. Research methodology. The historiographical, chronological, comparative and analytical methods are employed to analyze the publications on musical topics in «Dilo» and «Zorya», as well as to explore the early stage of Nyzhankivskyi’s musical activities. Findings. The first musical performances of O. Nyzhankivskyi in Lviv were featured in the «Dilo», specifically, in the reviews. These were the evening event at «Academic Brotherhood» in December 1884 and the concert in honor of Olexandr Konyskyi in January 1885. He was distinguished immediately as a choir conductor as well as a composer with his own choral works. At this decade Ostap Nyzhankivskyi was a conductor of the choir «Akademichne Bratstvo», worked with the society «Zorya». Additionally, he participated in the concerts of Academic Gymnasium and Theological Seminary as a conductor and a composer. Some music critics compared performance skills of the choir under the direction of Ostap Nyzhankivskyi to the most famous choral society of Lviv «Lutna». We know about many concerts Ostap Nyzhankivskyi participated in, and of his rich repertoir as a conductor. Specifically, from the press reports we learned about active concert activities of O. Nyzhankivskyi, considerable conductor’s repertoire and almost annual premiers of his new compositions ― choirs, solo performances and vocal duets. As a conductor he popularized works of the Ukrainian composers, specifically, such Galician ones as M. Lysenko and P. Nishchynskyi. According to listeners and musical critics, the most effective and resonant of his own works were the choral piece «Hulyaly» on Y. Fedkovych poetry and the vocal duet «Do lastivky» on the poetry by Volodymyr Navrotskyi. The authors of in-depth critiques on early Nyzhankivskyi orks were P. Bazhanskyi and V. Matyuk. Some press reports were on topic of functioning of the first Ukrainian musical publishing house in Galicia «Muzychna bibliotheka» cofounded by Ostap Nyzhankivskyi. It edited 17 volumes of the Ukrainian musical works during the period of 1885―1892s. One of the first musical critiques authored by O. Nyzhankivskyi was dedicated to the memory of the Ukrainian composer Denys Leontovych. Conclusions. We conclude that the versatile musical and creative activities of O. Nyzhankivskyi became one of the decisive drivers of the intensive development of national music in the Western Ukraine. It promoted a rise of the Ukrainian national consciousness and intensified a cultural life of the Galician Ukrainians. Keywords: Ostap Nyzhankivskyi, Ukrainian periodicals, music art, musical critics, concerts.

Mass media in the power framework: institutionalization revisited

The definitions of the institute and the institutionalization in the different fields of science (scholarship) vary. Specifically this refers to the understanding of the institutionalization of the mass media, whose activities are greatly dependent on the authorities. In Ukraine, such dependence has been particularly salient during the last time. The article aims at studying the existing definitions of the institutions of both social phenomena. An analysis of the institute of comparison and interpenetration of media and power as a social communication сoncept has been offered. A concept of institutionalization of the mass media is analyzed in terms of content structure and personal freedom of journalist. Specificity of several specialized aspects of media institutionalization in the context of the existence of different types and forms of competition and cooperation between universal and specialized publication sand journalists are analyzed. Different subtypes of journalism and relevant social trends, as well as a degree of interaction between professional and commercial dimensions of journalistic sphere are analyzed. It is emphasized that debates on mass media institutionalization focus on two dilemmas: the «journalist-professional» and «the journalist-ordinary member of society». Such discussion relates to the social significance of the problem and to professionalism of the media and journalists. The authorities can reduce social importance of institutionalization of the mass media, as well as they can downplay it purportedly. But social institutionalization of the mass media does not disappear because of the whims of the current authorities. We argue if the current Ukrainian authorities took into account the main factors of the institutionalization of the media and the correlation between journalistic and social practices, it would make fewer mistakes in its work with the media (which cannot be destroyed by institutionalization). The followup studies on the research problem outlined in the article are to study definitions of institutionalization of social and communication characteristics of cluster institutions: legal, economic sociological and so on. Socio-communicative understanding of the concept of the institution in its modus operandi will enable systematizing knowledge about institutionalization of many social phenomena that serve the mass media. Keywords: author, power, journalist, category, institutionalization, content, mass media, professionalism, social effect, specialization, universality.

Ukrainian student journals of the interwar period in the Czechoslovak Republic as a source for the martyrologist of Ukrainian emigration

The article investigates periodicals of Ukrainian students in the Czechoslovakia in the 1920s and 1930s — reveals 19 titles of journals that were published in the cities of the largest concentration of academic youth: Prague, Podebrady, and Brno. A list of these publications in alphabetical order, indicating the place of publication and the years of publication, is given in Appendix 1. All of these journals were reviewed de visu and analyzed for biographical publications on Ukrainians who died and were buried in the Czechoslovak Republic. The following materials have been found on the pages of five student publications, namely: «Ukrainsky Student» (Prague, 1920, 1922—1924) — contains 3 publications, «Studentsky Vistnyk» (Prague, 1923—1931) — 15, «Zhyttia» (Prague, 1924—1926) — 1, «Nasha Hromada» (Podebrady, 1924—1926) — 7, and «Natsionalna Dumka» (Prague, 1924—1927) — 5 publications. The deceased’s information was mostly printed in obituaries with more or less detailed biographies, but there were also small essays, memoirs, brief reports of death or funeral, and so on. Often, such information was published under a separate heading called «Memory of the Dead» (or «Posthumous News» or «Obituary»). In general, the pages of these student journals revealed information about 25 Ukrainians who were buried in the Czechoslovak Republic during 1923—1929. Based on the published information, an alphabetical index of these persons with biographical information about them was compiled (25 surnames, «Appendix 2»). The materials found are a valuable (and in many cases, the only) source of biographical information on Ukrainian immigrants who died and are buried in the Czechoslovak Republic, as well as helping to establish and preserve their burial sites. Keywords: Ukrainian students, Ukrainian emigration to the Czechoslovakia, periodicals, interwar period, Ukrainian burials in the Czech Republic.