scholarly journals Anxiolytic and antidepressive effects of the homeopathic complex Homeo-pax® (pre-clinical study)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (34) ◽  
pp. 4-14
Author(s):  
Jose Carlos Tavares Carvalho ◽  
Aline Ferreira Vaz ◽  
Raiza Marques Vieira Campos ◽  
Kélem Costa Dos Santos ◽  
Benedito Junior Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Clinical Models ◽  
Swimming Test

Background: The homeopathic complex Homeo-Pax® has been used as an antidepressant and anxiolytic homeopathic medicine available in Brazil. It is a complex mixture prepared with Aconitum nap. 6cH, Aurum met. 6cH, Phosphorus 6cH, Argentum nitricum 6cH, Arsenicum alb. 6cH, and Valeriana officinalis 3cH. Aims: This study had evaluated the behavior in rats after treatment with Homeo-Pax® in pre-clinical models of depression and anxiety. Mathods: Elevated Plus Maze Test (EPM), Forced Swimming Test (FST), Open Field Test (OFT) and the Rota Rod Test (RRT) behavior assays were used to confirm its activity. In the EPM, the animals treated with Homeo-pax® on the 1st day and until the 20th day of treatment remained longer in the open arms of the maze than on 30th day. This result was statistically significant compared with the control group (p < 0.05). In the FST, the treatment with Homeo-pax® (0.5 ml, p.o) increased the swimming time, compared to the control group. This effect was dependent on treatment time, resulting in a similar effect to that presented by amfepramone (10 mg/kg, p.o). In the OFT, crossing by the animals was significantly increased by the treatment with amfepramone (10mg/kg, p.o), and also with the 30-day treatment with Homeo-pax®. In the RRT, the 30-day treatment with Homeo-pax® (0.5 ml, p.o) did not affect the animals’ motor coordination, compared with the control group, which presented the same behavior. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, it can be suggested that the homeopathic complex Homeo-pax® has anxiolytic and antidepressant properties without affecting motor coordination capacity.

scholarly journals Anxiolytic effect of the homeopathic complex Tepeex®

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (28) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Jose Carlos Tavares Carvalho ◽  
Raiza Marques Vieira Campos ◽  
Aline Ferreira Vaz ◽  
Kélem Costa Dos Santos ◽  
Ezequiel Paulo Viriato
Keyword(s):  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Actaea Racemosa ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Dunnett Test ◽  
Clinical Models ◽  
Swimming Test

Aims: Homeopathic complex Tepeex® is a compound of Actaea racemosa 4cH, Natrum muriaticum 2cH, Pulsatilla nigricans 3cH, Chamomilla 3cH and Sepia succus5cH. This study evaluated the effect of Tepeex® in pre-clinical models of depression and anxiety. Methods: the following tests were performed: elevated plus maze test (EPM); forced swimming test (FST); open field test (OFT) and Rotarod test (RRT). Results: In EPM, animals treated with Tepeex® on days 20 and 30 stayed longer in the open arms of the maze than the control group (p < 0.05, Dunnett test). In FST, treatment with Tepeex® did not increase swimming time compared to the control group in any phase of treatment. In OFT, crossing increased significantly with treatment with amfepramone, and also with 30-day treatment with Tepeex® (p < 0.05, Dunnette test). In RRT, treatment with amfepramone significantly reduced latency time. 30-day treatment with Tepeex® did not affect motor coordination when compared to the control group. Conclusion: results suggest that homeopathic complex Tepeex® has anxiolytic properties without affecting motor coordination.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Neuropharmacological Activities of Methanolic Extract of Bacopa monnieri L. in Mice Model

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Bacopa Monnieri ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Swimming Test

Now-a-days, the use of natural products has increased its popularity day by day all over the world. One of the most effective therapeutic medicinal plants is Bacopa monnieri. In the current study, the methanolic distillate of B. monnieri was designed for an antidepressant in mice models. B. monnieri was evaluated for anti-depressant venture in the forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and elevated plus maze test. In force swimming test, imipramine (30 mg/kg) used as a standard drug and in TST as well as elevated plus maze test, diazepam (10 mg/kg) used as a standard and the plant extract (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) was administered as test group and the control group was given deionized water. In this test, the test extracts (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) compare to both control and standard group. The higher dose (200 mg/kg) represented a more significant effect than a dose of 100 mg/kg. In comparison to the standard and control, at dose 200 mg/kg represented a more significant effect at p<0.05 among three of the test.

scholarly journals Effects of Terazosin, Silodosin and Alfuzosin on Depression and Anxiety in Mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Mehmet Hanifi Tanyeri ◽  
Mehmet Emin Buyukokuroglu ◽  
Pelin Tanyeri ◽  
Rumeysa Keles Kaya ◽  
Aykut Ozturk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Lower Urinary

Aims: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is common urological disease, is characterized by lower urinary tract syndrome, usually associated with sexual dysfunctions. The aim of present study is to investigate the effects of terazosin, silodosin and alfuzosin which are the main treatment options for BPH on depression and anxiety to understand whether these drugs may be effective in BPH caused mood disorders. Study Design: All the drugs were given intraperitoneally (i.p.) in a volume of 0.1 ml per 10 g body weight of mice. Drugs were given 30 min before the experiment. We investigated the effects of terazosin, silodosin and alfuzosin on depression and anxiety, in mice. Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Department of Pharmacology and Department of Urology, Sakarya University, Animal Research Center, between June 2019 and September 2020. Methodology: Here, we examined the effects of terazosin (0.5, 1, 2 mg/kg), silodosin silodosin (1, 3, 10 mg/kg) and alfuzosin (3, 6 and 9 mg/kg) on depression and anxiety by using forced swimming test and elevated plus maze test, respectively, in mice (n:96). Additionally, the locomotor activity was evaluated by open field test. Results: All doses of terazosin, alfuzosin and silodosin significantly increased immobility time, compared to saline group. Silodosin and alfuzosin prolonged the time spent in open arms but terazosin decreased the time spent in open arms compared to saline group. Terazosin, silodosin (1 and 3 mg/kg) and alfuzosin (3 and 6 mg/kg) did not have any effect on the number of entries into the open arms while silodosin (10 mg/kg) and alfuzosin (9 mg/kg) increased the number of entries into open arms. Conclusion: We found that silodosin and alfuzosin had antidepressant and anxiolytic-like effects, while terazosin had depressant and anxiogenic effects. Patients with BPH who need antidepressant and anxiolytic treatment can be treated with a single drug instead of multiple medications.

scholarly journals Catha Edulis Active Principle, Cathinone, Suppresses Motor Coordination, Accelerates Anxiety and Alters the Levels of Dopamine and its Metabolites in the Limbic Areas of Male Swiss Albino Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed M. Safhi ◽  
Mohammad Firoz Alam ◽  
Gulrana Khuwaja ◽  
Sohail Hussain ◽  
Mohammed Hakeem Siddiqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Performance ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Catha Edulis ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Albino Mice

Abstract Cathinone, the active principle of khat (Catha edulis), stimulates, excites and produces euphoric feelings in khat users. Locomotor and rearing activities, either individual or in groups, of male Swiss albino mice were decreased significantly compared to the control. Motor coordination tests (rotarod, rope climb and grip tests) have shown decreased motor performance in the mice treated with cathinone compared to the control. The elevated plus maze test has shown significant anxiety in the mice compared to the control. Contents of dopamine and its metabolite, homovanillic acid, were increased in the limbic areas compared to the control group. In contrast, contents of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid were depleted significantly and dose dependently compared to the control group in the limbic areas of mice. In conclusion, natural cathinone has depleted motor coordination, accelerated anxiety in mice and altered the contents of dopamine and its metabolites.

scholarly journals Effects of Simultaneous Reinforcement of Endocannabinoid and Cholinergic Systems on Anxiety-Like Behavior in Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siamak Shahidi ◽  
Asghar Dindar ◽  
Alireza Komaki ◽  
Reihaneh Sadeghian
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Concurrent Administration ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Cholinergic Systems ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
High Doses

Abstract ObjectiveAnxiety behavior is regulated by different neurotransmitter systems. There has been no direct relationship between endocannabinoid and cholinergic systems on anxiety in previous studies. This study investigated the effects of each of these systems separately and simultaneously using Donepezil (Cholinesterase inhibitor) and URB-597 (endocannabinoid degrading enzyme inhibitor) on anxiety-like behavior. MethodEighty-eight male mice were divided into eleven groups (n=8) including control (saline), diazepam (0.3 mg /kg), URB-597 (0.1, 0.3, or 1 mg /kg), donepezil (0.5, 1 or 2 mg/kg) and the combination of the two drugs at low, medium and high doses. All treatments were injected intraperitoneally 30 minutes before the elevated plus maze test. ResultsSeparate administration of URB597, donepezil or diazepam increased the number and time spent of open arms compared to the control group. Concurrent administration of URB and donepezil at low, medium and high doses did not change the number of open arms entries compared to the control group, but they reduced the number of entries to the closed arms. ConclusionsThese results suggest that strengthening any cholinergic or endocannabinoid system has anxiolytic effect similar to diazepam. However, the interaction of these two systems has fewer anxiolytic effects compared to the effects of each alone. It seems that these drugs alone may represent a strategy for the treatment of anxiety disorders.

scholarly journals Electroacupuncture Promotes Proliferation of Amplifying Neural Progenitors and Preserves Quiescent Neural Progenitors from Apoptosis to Alleviate Depressive-Like and Anxiety-Like Behaviours

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Yang ◽  
Na Yue ◽  
Xiaocang Zhu ◽  
Qiuqin Han ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Neural Progenitors ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Stress ◽  
Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Behavioural Tests

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviours and neural progenitors in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) in a chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) rat model of depression. After being exposed to a CUS procedure for 2 weeks, rats were subjected to EA treatment, which was performed on acupoints Du-20 (Bai-Hui) and GB-34 (Yang-Ling-Quan), once every other day for 15 consecutive days (including 8 treatments), with each treatment lasting for 30 min. The behavioural tests (i.e., forced swimming test, elevated plus-maze test, and open-field entries test) revealed that EA alleviated the depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviours of the stressed rats. Immunohistochemical results showed that proliferative cells (BrdU-positive) in the EA group were significantly larger in number compared with the Model group. Further, the results showed that EA significantly promoted the proliferation of amplifying neural progenitors (ANPs) and simultaneously inhibited the apoptosis of quiescent neural progenitors (QNPs). In a word, the mechanism underlying the antidepressant-like effects of EA is associated with enhancement of ANPs proliferation and preserving QNPs from apoptosis.

scholarly journals NEUROPHARMACOLOGICAL SCREENING, ANTI-STRESS ACTIVITY, AND TOXICITY STUDIES OF STANDARDIZED EXTRACT OF THE SEEDS OF CELASTRUS PANICULATUS WILLD

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
SWATI SINGH ◽  
ASHUTOSH UPADHYAY ◽  
ANUP KUMAR SIRBAIYA
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Swimming Endurance

Objective: Celastrus paniculatus Willd, family Celastraceae is an important medicinal plant distributed all over India. Due to the presence of antioxidative polyphenols in C. paniculatus Willd have received much attention for health-promoting properties by scavenging the free radicals, the purpose of this study is to understand neuropharmacological, anti-stress activity, and toxicity studies of standardized seeds extract of “C. paniculatus Willd. Methods: The sun dried C. paniculatus Willd seeds were collected and extracted with ethanol by maceration. Then, the ethanolic extract was subjected to phytochemical screening. The acute toxicity of the ethanolic extract of C. paniculatus was observed as per the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development guideline no. 423. Neuropharmacological and anti-stress effects were analyzed and evaluated by using physical stress models such as Swimming endurance test, Anoxic tolerance test, Tail suspension test (TST), and Elevated plus maze test. For this study, Swiss albino mice (20–30 g) were divided into five groups of six animals each. Distilled water administered as vehicle in control group and standard group received Withania somnifera (100 mg/kg) while C. paniculatus Willd ethanolic extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) was given orally for 7 days. Results and Discussion: Change in immobility time in swim endurance, first clonic convulsion produced in anoxic tolerance test, immobility time in TST and open arms entry in elevated plus maze test was recorded as parameters. The ethanolic extracts of C. paniculatus Willd significantly reduces the immobility timing along with increases the swimming endurance time, and clonic convulsion timing in anoxic tolerance test in comparison of control group. In tail suspension significant decrease in immobility time and increased open arm entry in elevated plus maze were observed as compare to control group. Conclusion: C. paniculatus Willd has potential as a medicinal plant and it showed protective effect for the stress prevention as the alkaloids are present as main constituents.

scholarly journals First Evidence for an Anxiolytic Effect of a Diterpenoid from Salvia Cinnabarina

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Maione ◽  
Maria Camela Bonito ◽  
Mariantonella Colucci ◽  
Virginia Cozzolino ◽  
Angela Bisio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Spontaneous Motor Activity ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Sedative Activity ◽  
Swimming Test

The potential anxiolytic and anti-depressive activity of CMP1 was studied in the elevated plus-maze test and in the forced swimming test. Furthermore, CMP1 sedative activity was evaluated in pentobarbital treated animals; the effect of CMP1 on spontaneous motor activity (total locomotion) was also evaluated. Our data show that CMP1, at doses that did not affect locomotion, was able to induce anxiolytic and sedative, but not anti-depressive effects. In conclusion, our results represent first evidence for an anxiolytic activity of this diterpenoid from Salvia cinnabarina.

scholarly journals The Evaluation of the Effects of N-Acetylcysteine on Cisplatin-Induced Alterations in Exploratory Activity in Elevated Plus Maze Test in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Pantic ◽  
Milos Minic
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Exploratory Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Anxiogenic Effect ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Significant Attenuation ◽  
Cisplatin Therapy

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential beneficial effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on cisplatin-induced alterations in anxiety levels in rats, by means of parameters of the exploratory activity obtained in the elevated plus maze (EPM) test. Animals were divided into four groups: control group, cisplatin group (7.5 mg/kg/weekly of cisplatin), N-acetylcysteine group (500 mg/kg/weekly of NAC), and cisplatin plus N-acetylcysteine group (7.5 mg/kg/weekly of cisplatin, and 500 mg/kg/weekly of NAC). After two weeks of treatment, exploratory activity (estimated by means of the number of rearings, head-dippings and the number of total exploratory activity episodes) was significantly reduced in cisplatin group comparing to control values. Although NAC induced no alterations in exploratory activity when applied alone, simultaneous administration with cisplatin resulted in significant attenuation of cisplatin-induced decline in exploratory activity. The exploratory activity gradually decreased in time-dependent manner during five minutes of EPM test in all groups. The results of this study confirmed clear beneficial effect of NAC supplementation against cisplatin- induced neurotoxicity in rats. Antioxidative properties of NAC were manifested through restoration of exploratory activity, confirming that NAC administration can attenuate anxiogenic effect of cisplatin therapy. Those results could recommend NAC supplementation as a potential protection against cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity.

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