scholarly journals Catha Edulis Active Principle, Cathinone, Suppresses Motor Coordination, Accelerates Anxiety and Alters the Levels of Dopamine and its Metabolites in the Limbic Areas of Male Swiss Albino Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed M. Safhi ◽  
Mohammad Firoz Alam ◽  
Gulrana Khuwaja ◽  
Sohail Hussain ◽  
Mohammed Hakeem Siddiqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Performance ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Catha Edulis ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Albino Mice

Abstract Cathinone, the active principle of khat (Catha edulis), stimulates, excites and produces euphoric feelings in khat users. Locomotor and rearing activities, either individual or in groups, of male Swiss albino mice were decreased significantly compared to the control. Motor coordination tests (rotarod, rope climb and grip tests) have shown decreased motor performance in the mice treated with cathinone compared to the control. The elevated plus maze test has shown significant anxiety in the mice compared to the control. Contents of dopamine and its metabolite, homovanillic acid, were increased in the limbic areas compared to the control group. In contrast, contents of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid were depleted significantly and dose dependently compared to the control group in the limbic areas of mice. In conclusion, natural cathinone has depleted motor coordination, accelerated anxiety in mice and altered the contents of dopamine and its metabolites.

scholarly journals Attenuation of anxiety on acute administration of aqueous extract of Terminalia belerica fruit pulp in Swiss albino mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Chandrashekar R. ◽  
Manohar V. R. ◽  
Poovizhi Bharathi R. ◽  
Mohandas Rai
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Fruit Pulp ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Terminalia Belerica ◽  
Albino Mice

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the attenuation of anxiety on acute administration of aqueous extract of Terminalia belerica fruit pulp (AETBFP) by using elevated plus maze test and dark and light arena models.Methods: Thirty Swiss albino mice were divided into five groups, Group I received vehicle (1% Gum acacia suspension, 3ml/kg, orally), Group II received standard drug Diazepam (1mg/kg, orally) and Group III, IV and V received AETBFP 9, 18 and 36 mg/kg, orally respectively. In elevated plus maze test, the mouse was placed on the central platform facing towards open arm. The percentage of time spent and frequency of entries and number of rears in open arm was counted for a period of 5 min. In dark and light arena, the time spent, number of entries and number of rears in light arena was counted for a period of 5 min. The mean±SEM values were calculated for each group. The data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s multiple comparison tests; p< 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Significant (p<0.05) reduction in anxiety was noted in experimental animals when given at a dose of AETBFP (36mg/kg), where number of entries and duration of stay in open arm and light arena increased in elevated plus maze and light and dark arena respectively when compared with control animals.Conclusions: Our study reveals that AETBFP at a dose of 36mg/kg has significant attenuation of anxiety in Swiss albino mice.

scholarly journals The antianxiety activity of aqueous extract of Withania coagulans fruits in swiss albino mice by elevated plus maze

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1337
Author(s):  
Devesh D. Gosavi ◽  
Amit S. Kamdi ◽  
Suvarna M. Kalambe ◽  
Pankaj N. Bohra
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
P Value ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Withania Coagulans ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Albino Mice

Background: Several anti-anxiety drugs used today have the numerous side effects. The Withania coagulans a rare species, is not studied much for its actions on anxiety except in late seventies where it was explored for neuropsychopharmacology. Thus, it was thought commendable to explore the anti-anxiety activities of aqueous extract of Withania coagulans fruits in swiss albino mice using elevated plus maze test.Methods: Elevated plus maze (EPM) test was used for evaluating the anti-anxiety action of Withania coagulans fruits’ aqueous extract. If the extract had anti-anxiety action, then it was expected that the time spent in the open space would increase and that in the closed space would decrease. This increase in time in the open space, if found statistically significant, was considered for antianxiety action.Results: There was statistically highly significant (p value <0.001) association observed between the aqueous extract of Withania coagulans fruits with antianxiety action in the swiss albino mice by elevated plus maze test.Conclusions: The aqueous extract of Withania coagulans fruits did prove the antianxiety effect in the swiss albino mice by elevated plus maze test.

scholarly journals Evaluation of anti-anxiety activity of Mucuna pruriens

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4-A) ◽  
pp. 104-107
Author(s):  
Shobhit Singh ◽  
Pushpraj Gupta ◽  
Rishikesh Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Velvet Bean ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Albino Mice

Mucuna pruriens, also known as Velvet Bean, Mucuna pruriens has been used for centuries by Ayurvedic herbalists for overall wellness. Mucuna pruriens provides support for brain function, muscle health and libido. Mucuna pruriens has also been shown to have diuretic effects. It increases tissue resiliency and improves coordination. Mucuna can also increase testosterone levels, which in turn can lead to increased muscle mass and strength. It also supports the nervous and reproductive systems in the body. anti-oxidant activity of M. pruriens has been also demonstrated in vitro by its ability to scavenge DPPH radicals and reactive oxygen species. This is an excellent natural source of L-dopa and 5-hydroxy tryptophan (5-HT) Present study was designed to evaluate the anti-anxiety activity of Mucuna pruriens extract in Swiss albino mice. Three doses of Mucuna pruriens (100, 200,400 mg/kg, p.o.) and standard dose of Buspirone (5 mg/kg, i.p.) were used for evaluation of the anti-anxiety activity. The elevated plus maze (EPM) was used to take as a measure of antianxiety effect. Mucuna pruriens at the doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg significantly reduced the time spent and no. of entries in closed arm, increased the time spent and entries into open arm in elevated plus maze (p<0.05) as compared to control group. These results indicate that MP may be possesses antianxiety property. Keywords:  Anxiety, Elevated plus maze, Mucuna pruriens, Buspirone, Swiss Albino Mice.

scholarly journals Toxic effect of cathinone (an active principle of Catha edulis) on brain lipids in Swiss albino mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Mohammed M. Safhi ◽  
M. F. Alam ◽  
Ibrahim Abdu Jubran Khardali ◽  
Sohail Hussain ◽  
Mohammed Abdul Hakeem Siddiqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Brain Lipids ◽  
Catha Edulis ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
The Brain

The leaves of khat plant (Catha edulis) are widely consumed by people of East African countries and Arabian Peninsula for their pleasurable and stimulating effects. The consumption of khat is prohibited in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia but it is being used by the people of Kingdom, especially in the region of Jazan, where it is easily available due to its cultivation in the neighbouring country Yemen. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of very low doses of cathinone on the brain lipids. Male Swiss albino mice were divided in 4 groups, one control and 3 experimental and each group having 6 animals. (-) Cathinone, 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg body weight was given intraperitoneal to animals for 10 days, once daily.  Cathinone has elevated the level of triglyceride significantly and dose dependently as compared to control group. On the other hand, the content of ganglioside was depleted significantly and dose dependently in experimental groups as compared to control group. A significantly elevated level of cholesterol was observed with the doses of 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg and phospholipids with the dose of 0.5 mg/kg of cathinone as compared to control group. No significant change on total lipids was observed in cathinone treated group as compared to control group. The study concludes that very low doses of cathinone were sufficient for the change on the brain lipid contents to provide excitement in khat chewers. 

scholarly journals Effects of Simultaneous Reinforcement of Endocannabinoid and Cholinergic Systems on Anxiety-Like Behavior in Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siamak Shahidi ◽  
Asghar Dindar ◽  
Alireza Komaki ◽  
Reihaneh Sadeghian
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Concurrent Administration ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Cholinergic Systems ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
High Doses

Abstract ObjectiveAnxiety behavior is regulated by different neurotransmitter systems. There has been no direct relationship between endocannabinoid and cholinergic systems on anxiety in previous studies. This study investigated the effects of each of these systems separately and simultaneously using Donepezil (Cholinesterase inhibitor) and URB-597 (endocannabinoid degrading enzyme inhibitor) on anxiety-like behavior. MethodEighty-eight male mice were divided into eleven groups (n=8) including control (saline), diazepam (0.3 mg /kg), URB-597 (0.1, 0.3, or 1 mg /kg), donepezil (0.5, 1 or 2 mg/kg) and the combination of the two drugs at low, medium and high doses. All treatments were injected intraperitoneally 30 minutes before the elevated plus maze test. ResultsSeparate administration of URB597, donepezil or diazepam increased the number and time spent of open arms compared to the control group. Concurrent administration of URB and donepezil at low, medium and high doses did not change the number of open arms entries compared to the control group, but they reduced the number of entries to the closed arms. ConclusionsThese results suggest that strengthening any cholinergic or endocannabinoid system has anxiolytic effect similar to diazepam. However, the interaction of these two systems has fewer anxiolytic effects compared to the effects of each alone. It seems that these drugs alone may represent a strategy for the treatment of anxiety disorders.

The anxiolytic action of alcoholic excerpt of Withania coagulans fruits in Swiss albino mice by Elevated Plus Maze

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-209
Author(s):  
Amit S Kamdi ◽  
◽  
Devesh D Gosavi ◽  
Suvarna M Kalambe ◽  
Pankaj N Bohra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Withania Coagulans ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Albino Mice

Cathinone, an active principle of Catha edulis, accelerates oxidative stress in the limbic area of swiss albino mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 102-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed M. Safhi ◽  
Mohammad Firoz Alam ◽  
Sohail Hussain ◽  
Mohammed Abdul Hakeem Siddiqui ◽  
Gulrana Khuwaja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Catha Edulis ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Limbic Area

scholarly journals ANTIANXIETY EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF FRUITS OF LIMONIA ACIDISSIMA IN SWISS ALBINO MICE

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 104-117
Author(s):  
Chouhan Vaishali ◽  
Sujane Sandhya ◽  
Bapna Rajendra ◽  
Pyathi Asharani
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Limonia Acidissima

Anxiety disorder is one of the most common mental ailments exhibited by human. It is characterized by motor tension, sympathetic hyperactivity and apprehension and vigilance syndromes. A part from very few chemical remedies available like benzodiazepine and serotonin modulators, not much treatment options are at hand that safely and effectively alleviate anxiety. The ethanol extract of the fruits of plant Limonia acidissima was evaluated for its anti-anxiety activity in swiss albino mice at dose 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg body weight. Anti-anxiety was assessed by using elevated plus maze (EPM) and light and dark model methods. The ethanolic extract exhibit anxiolytic effect in experimental mice. So it is supports the use of Limonia acidissima as anxiolytic agents. Further investigation should be made to elucidate the active constituent of responsible for the activity.

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