scholarly journals Antimalarial potential of homeopathic medicines against schizont maturation of Plasmodium berghei in short-term in vitro culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (41) ◽  
pp. 224-236
Author(s):  
Aswathy Rajan ◽  
Upma Bagai
Keyword(s):  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Chelidonium Majus ◽  
Drug Pressure ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Mother Tincture ◽  
The Given ◽  
Dose Dependent

In vitro assessment of antimalarial drug susceptibility of Plasmodium has been a major research success, which has paved the way for the understanding of parasite and rapid screening of antimalarial drugs for their effectiveness. In the present study a preliminary screening to check the antiplasmodial activity of mother tincture (ϕ) and various potencies (6C, 30C, 200C) of homeopathic medicines Cinchona officinalis/china (Chin.), Chelidonium majus (Chel.) and Arsenicum album (Ars.) were done by assessing the in vitro schizont maturation inhibition assay. A significant reduction in the growth of intraerythrocytic stages of P. berghei was observed with decreasing dilution of ϕ and various potencies of Chin., Chel. and Ars. exhibiting a dose dependent effect. Maximum schizont maturation inhibition was observed by Chin. ϕ (1:1), Chin. 30 (1:1, 1:2) and Chel. 30 (1:1) i.e. 80%. The standard drug CQ at 10 µM concentration exhibited 95.4±1.6% inhibition of schizont maturation. Ars. 30 (1:1) also have been found to possess strong antiplasmodial efficacy with 75.5±2.6% schizont inhibition. The presence of free merozoites in Ars. 200 with weak schizonticidal inhibition activity (40-45%) also pointed towards the ability of parasite to survive in the given drug pressure.

scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF HINGULESWARA RASABASED HERBOMINERAL FORMULATIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Abhishek Chatterjee ◽  
Dileep Singh Baghel ◽  
Bimlesh Kumar ◽  
Saurabh Singh ◽  
Narendra Kumar Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Antioxidant Effects ◽  
Made In ◽  
In Vitro Antioxidant Activity

Objective: The aims of the present investigation were to develop the herbal and/or herbomineral formulations of Hinguleswara rasa and to compare their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, in vitro, with that of standard drug samples.Methods: This study was an interventional investigation in three samples: In the first sample, Hinguleswara rasa (HR1) was prepared as per methodology described in Rasatarangini using Shuddha Hingula (10 g), Shuddha Vatsanabha (10 g), and Pippali (10 g). In the second and third sample, respectively, Hinguleswara rasa was prepared by replacing Shuddha Hingula with Kajjali where Kajjali made from Hingulotha parada and Sodhita parada constitutes two varieties of Hinguleswara rasa, i.e. HR2 and HR3. In vitro antioxidant activity was studied using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, and the absorbance was recorded at 517 nm. For evaluating the in vitro anti-inflammatory studies, the inhibition of albumin denaturation technique was performed.Results: The results showed that the formulation of Hinguleswara rasa has shown dose-dependent activity which was observed in 100 μg concentration. HR1, HR2, and HR3 showed 36.11, 17.22, and 16.11% radical scavenging activity.Conclusion: It could be concluded that the changes made in the formulations did not affect the in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of the herbomineral formulations.

scholarly journals In Vitro Monitoring of Plasmodium falciparum Drug Resistance in French Guiana: a Synopsis of Continuous Assessment from 1994 to 2005

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 288-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Legrand ◽  
Béatrice Volney ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Meynard ◽  
Odile Mercereau-Puijalon ◽  
Philippe Esterre
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
First Line ◽  
Drug Pressure ◽  
Line Drug

ABSTRACT Implemented as one arm of the malaria control program in French Guiana in the early 1990s, our laboratory has since established in vitro profiles for parasite drug susceptibility to a panel of eight antimalarials for more than 1,000 Plasmodium falciparum isolates from infected patients. The quinine-doxycycline combination was introduced in 1995 as the first-line drug treatment against uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria, replacing chloroquine, and the first-line drug combination was changed to the artemether-lumefantrine combination in 2002. Resistance to chloroquine declined 5 years after it was dropped in 1995 as the first-line drug, but unlike similar situations in Africa, there was a rapid halt to this decline. Doxycycline susceptibility substantially decreased from 2002 to 2005, suggesting parasite selection under quinine-doxycycline drug pressure. Susceptibility to mefloquine decreased from 1997 onward. Throughout the period from 1994 to 2005, most isolates were sensitive in vitro to quinine, amodiaquine, and atovaquone. Susceptibility to amodiaquine was strongly correlated with that to chloroquine and to a lesser extent with that to mefloquine and halofantrine. Susceptibilities to mefloquine and to halofantrine were also strongly correlated. There were two alerts issued for in vitro artemether resistance in the period from 2002 to 2003 and again in 2005, both of which could be associated with the presence of an S769N polymorphism in the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA)-type P. falciparum ATPase6 (PfATPase6) gene. Analysis of susceptibility to lumefantrine, conducted for the first time in 2005, indicates an alarming rate of elevated 50% inhibitory concentrations. In vitro monitoring of parasite drug susceptibility should be pursued to further document the consequences of specific drug policies on the local parasite population and, in particular, to establish profiles of susceptibility to individual components of drug combinations to provide early warning signs of emerging parasite resistance.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION ON PHARMACOGNOSY AS WELL AS THE ANTIOXIDANT, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY POTENTIAL OF THE KATHA POWDER

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
PANKAJ SHARMA ◽  
RAJU L
Keyword(s):  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Alcoholic Solution ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Acacia Catechu ◽  
Dose Dependent

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the pharmacognosy as well as the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory potential of the Katha powder. Methods: The Coarsely dried chips of Acacia catechu heartwood were treated with 10 % hydro-alcoholic solution to obtain Katha as the final product. The powdered Katha was standardized through pharmacognostic parameters. This Katha power is showing the good solubility in the hot water having astringent in the taste. The powder microscopy of the Katha powder is to be demonstrated fragments of acicular crystals, fibers, and bordered pitted vessels. Katha powder antioxidant potential is to be accessed by using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl assay and NO Scavenging assay using ascorbic acid as a standard drug. Further, the Katha powder is to be subjected for the assessment of its anti-inflammatory potential by the use of heat-induced hemolysis as well as hypotonicity-induced hemolysis approach by the use of the aspirin or diclofenac sodium as a standard drug. Results: Microscopical investigations were showed that Katha showing the presence of fragments of acicular crystals, fibers, and bordered pitted vessels. In vitro study shows that the Katha powder has excellent antioxidant as well as anti-inflammatory potential in a dose-dependent manner in comparison of the result of heartwood of A. catechu. Conclusion: So from this investigation, it is to be suggested that the Katha powder is rich in the phenolic compound and the experimentation study shows that the drug is to possess a good antioxidant as well as anti-inflammatory property.

scholarly journals Ethanolic extract of ocimum kilimandscharicum linnleaves: phytochemical and in vitro pharmacological activity

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-109
Author(s):  
Yamini N ◽  
Lahari S ◽  
Phani deepthi V
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Thrombolytic Activity ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Dose Dependent

Using an in vitro model, the anti-thrombolytic efficacy of ethanolic extracts of Ocimum kilimandscharicum Linn was investigated. The researchers discovered that different concentrations of the extract had significant anti-thrombolytic activity in a dose-dependent manner , which was comparable to a standard drug. As a result of the presence of flavonoids and polyphenols in the plant extract, it can be concluded that it has a promising future in the treatment of thrombosis. This knowledge will be useful in the clinical development of thrombolytic therapeutics by identifying more potent anti-thrombolytic principles from natural resources..    

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF MUSCLE RELAXANT ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF RHIZOME OF ZINGIBEROFFICINALE

2017 ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Juri Das ◽  
Dipankar Saha
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
P Value ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
The Family ◽  
Muscle Relaxant Activity ◽  
The Given ◽  
Dose Dependent

Objective: The aim of this study to investigate the Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and evaluation of Muscle relaxant activity of ethanolic extract of Zingiberofficinale (EEZO) belonging to the family Zingiberaceae using Swiss albino mice in comparison with that of standard drug (Lorazepam).Methods: The phytochemical screening of the EEZO was done as per the standard methods. Then the extract was evaluated for its muscle relaxant activity compared with Control which is Normal saline (0.9% NaCl solution) at a dose of 10 ml/kg and standard drug Lorazepam at a dose of 10 mg/kg p. o by using Rota-rod apparatus. Twenty mice were taken of either sex and are divided into four groups and each group contains five animals. The first group was considered as control, the second group considered as standard and the third and fourth group received extracts (EEZO) at a dose of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg p. o respectively. All the preparations were administered orally.Results: The Preliminary Phytochemical screening of Ethanolic plant extract of Zingiberofficinale showed the presence of alkaloids, Carbohydrates, phlobotannins, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannin and terpenoids and absence of steroids. The two doses of EEZO i.e. 100 mg/kg (7.8±0.421 sec) and 200 mg/kg (3.07±0.385) significantly reduced the fall of time in the Rota-rod apparatus as compared to control (48.67±1.112) with p value<0.0001. The result is quite satisfying when compared with the standard drug i.e. 10 mg/kg p. o. (6.2±0.331).Conclusion: The result of the given study demonstrated that the ethanolic extract of Zingiber officinale is having Dose Dependent Muscle Relaxant activity.

scholarly journals Ligand and Structure-Based Hybrid Screening for Anti-Parkinson Agents and their Pharmacological Evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Mudita Mishra ◽  
Pankaj K. Sonar ◽  
Avinash C. Tripathi ◽  
Shailendra K. Saraf ◽  
Santosh Kumar Verma
Keyword(s):  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Lipinski’S Rule ◽  
Storage Vesicles ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Hybrid Screening

The behavioral and biochemical antiparkinson effect of 7-hydroxyflavone (7-HF) was evaluated by using virtual screening with an e-pharmacophore and shape-based screening approach, and the compound was screened by using the Sigma Aldrich compound library. Screened hits were filtered based on Lipinski’s rule, absorption, distribution,metabolism,elimination, (software for evaluation) (ADME), and toxicity parameters. The best scoring hit, 7-hydroxy 2 phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one, i.e., 7-HF was selected based on shape similarity (> 0.7), g-score, and conserved interactions. Toxicity assessment of retrieved hits was carried out by Osiris and Lazar programs. This study aims to obtain some potential hits, against various antiparkinson category from reported literature and available online resources, and validate their potency by in vivo, in vitro methods. Reserpine 5 mg/kg produces Parkinson’s like condition by depleting presynaptic catecholamines, particularly dopamine through the process of degranulation of storage vesicles. 7-HF 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg was used as a test compound. Syndopa 275 mg/kg was used as a standard drug. The results demonstrate that treatment with 7-HF improved the total locomotor activity and muscular coordination in the rotarod test. In the open field test, enhanced rearing, grooming duration of mobility, and gripping strength in the chimney test, while a decrease in cataleptic scores in the bar test. 7-HF significantly increases catalase, superoxide dismutase, and reduces glutathione level, while reduced the Malondialdehyde (MDA) level. The total protein concentration was also increased in 7-HF treated groups. The behavioral and biochemical results obtained from this study disclosed a definite neuroprotective role of 7-HF in a dose-dependent manner. It is also clear that 7-HF showed potent and effective antiparkinson activity in a similar way as standard. Interestingly, in behavioral and biochemical studies, 7-HF showed approximately equivalent effects as compared to syndopa.

Pharmacognostic Profile, In-vitro Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Potential of Ethanolic Fruit Extract of Pyrus communis L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Singh ◽  
Meenakshi Bajpai ◽  
Pradeep Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Antiradical Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Pyrus Communis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cell Protection ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Pyrus Communis L ◽  
Dose Dependent

Background: The ethanolic extract of Pyrus communis L. fruit (EEPC) was assessed for hepatoprotective and in vitro antiradical activity against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rat’s liver. Methods: The degree of hepatoprotection was screened by measuring biochemical parameters including serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total albumin (TA), total protein (TP) and total bilirubin (TB). The antiradical activity was assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide free radical scavenging property. The hepatoprotective effects of the extract were compared with Silymarin used as a standard drug (100 mg/kg, p.o, bodyweight). Results: The ethanolic extract of the fruit has the capabilities to scavenge the free radicals, in vitro respectively. Additionally, the ethanolic extract (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, p.o, bodyweight) exhibited marked hepatoprotective action in respect of CCl4 intoxicated rodents in a dose-dependent manner. EEPC at a dose of 400mg/kg could afford significant dose-dependent protection against CCl4 induced hepatocellular injury. Conclusion: Biochemical samples obtained from the animals treated with ethanolic extracts (400mg/kg, body weight) showed a significant decrease in the levels of serum markers indicating the hepatic cell protection.

scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF 4-BENZYLPIPERIDINE

2016 ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayashree V ◽  
Bagyalakshmi S ◽  
Manjula Devi K ◽  
Richard Daniel D
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Dose Dependent

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Objective: To study the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of 4-benzylpiperidine.<br />Methods: This study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of 4-benzylpiperidine using in vitro models such as inhibition<br />of albumin denaturation and proteinase inhibitory activity.<br />Results: This study revealed the dose-dependent inhibition of protein denaturation and proteinase inhibitory activity by 4-benzylpiperidine.<br />Conclusion: In the present study, results indicate that the 4-benzylpiperidine possess anti-inflammatory properties. The drug inhibited the heat<br />induced albumin denaturation and proteinase inhibitory activity. It shows dose-dependent significant activity when compared with a standard drug.<br />Hence, this study gives an idea that the 4-benzylpiperidine can be used as a lead compound for designing a potent anti-inflammatory drug which can<br />be used to cure inflammation.<br />Keywords: Anti-inflammatory activity, 4-Benzylpiperidine, Protein denaturation, Proteinase inhibitory activity.</p>

Multiple OralCandidaInfections in Patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome — Prevalence and Clinical and Drug Susceptibility Profiles

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 2428-2431 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHIMIN YAN ◽  
ANDREW L. YOUNG ◽  
HONG HUA ◽  
YANYING XU
Keyword(s):  
Sjögren’S Syndrome ◽  
Sjögren's Syndrome ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Sjogren’S Syndrome ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Sjogren's Syndrome ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Sjögren‘S Syndrome

Objective.To determine the prevalence of oral candidiasis and multiple oralCandidainfections in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), and the clinical and drug susceptibility profile.Methods.Thirty patients with primary SS were enrolled in our study. The diagnosis of oral candidiasis was based on the clinical manifestation, and confirmed by a concentrated rinse culture.Candidaspp. assessment was accomplished using standard methods: Sabouraud dextrose agar with 50 mg/l chloramphenicol and CHROMagar were used for the rapid screening of clinical species, followed by the API 20C system for further species identification.In vitroantifungal drug susceptibility ofCandidaisolates was determined by the minimal inhibitory concentrations.Results.In our study, 87% (26/30) of subjects had oral candidiasis, in which 42% (11/26) had multipleCandidaspp. infection. AlthoughC. albicansremains the predominant isolate, other rare species such asC. tropicalis,C. glabrata,C. parapsilosis, andC. kruseiwere present, alone or in combination. Chronic atrophic candidiasis is the most common clinical type of oral candidiasis in patients with SS. The susceptibilities of the 44Candidaisolates to 7 antifungal agents varied dramatically. The resistance to azoles was remarkable, and the phenomenon of cross-resistance between itraconazole and fluconazole was observed.Conclusion.Patients with primary SS carry a high risk of oral candidiasis and a high frequency of multipleCandidainfections. The azole resistance patterns ofCandidaspp. support the necessity for drug susceptibility testing as a routine procedure for patients with oralCandidainfections.

scholarly journals IN VITRO HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ECHINOCHLOA COLONA ON ETHANOL-INDUCED OXIDATIVE DAMAGE IN HEPG2 CELLS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praneetha Pallerla ◽  
Durgaih G ◽  
Narsimha Reddy Y ◽  
Ravi Kumar B
Keyword(s):  
Hepg2 Cell ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Cytoprotective Activity ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies ◽  
Maximum Protection ◽  
Diphenyl Tetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Hepg2 Cell Lines ◽  
Dose Dependent

  Objective: The current study was aimed to evaluate the methanolic extract of caryopses of Echinochloa colona (ECME) for its in vitro hepatoprotective activity against ethanol in HepG2 cell lines.Methods: In this regard, the cytotoxicity studies were conducted for the extract, ECME using 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay to determine the inhibitory concentration 50% value based on which, the doses 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml were selected for the hepatoprotective studies in HepG2 cell lines. The toxicity was induced using ethanol (100 mM). The in vitro hepatoprotective activity of the extract was assessed based on the changes in the level of biochemical parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase.Results: The extract, ECME has shown a dose-dependent cytoprotective activity with maximum protection at 200 μg/ml. The percentage cell viability of the extract, ECME at 200 μg/ml was more, i.e., 69.33% which was well comparable to that of standard drug, silymarin (100 μg/ml).Conclusion: The study revealed that the extract had shown significant hepatoprotective activity at all the test doses against ethanol-induced cytotoxity assay.

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