scholarly journals Prevalence of metabolic disorders and effect on subsequent daily milk quantity and quality in Holstein cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Gantner ◽  
Tina Bobić ◽  
Klemen Potočnik
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Metabolic Disorder ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Herd Health ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Abstract. Aiming at the determination of the metabolic disorder prevalence as well as the effect of subclinical disorders on daily milk traits of Holsteins, over 1 million (1 962 831) test day records were analysed. The metabolic disorder (ketosis or acidosis) prevalence was indicated by the fat-to-protein (F ∕ P) ratio, while subclinical disorder was indicated by the F ∕ P ratio and cows' daily production. The effect of subclinical disorders on daily milk traits was tested by Scheffe's method (SAS/STAT). The highest ketosis prevalence occurred in early lactation. In first-parity cows ketosis prevalence was highest in the first 15 days of lactation, while in cows in higher lactations, the prevalence peak occurred on the 25th day. A higher ketosis prevalence during the entire lactation was observed in multiparous cows compared to first-parity cows. Regarding the acidosis prevalence, high values were determined at the beginning of the lactation with a decreasing trend until mid-lactation, when the prevalence increased up to 22 %. The highest decrease in daily milk yield as a consequence of subclinical ketosis was determined as 4.21 and 3.72 kg day−1 in first-parity cows and those with more than four lactations, respectively. A significant negative effect of subclinical acidosis on daily milk yield (2.79 kg day−1) was highest in cows in the third lactation. A production decline in subsequent milk controls due to subclinical ketosis or acidosis in all cows was also determined. Subclinical disorders also significantly alter daily milk quality. This indicates that the test day records could be used as a cost-effective and non-invasive method for monitoring herd health.

scholarly journals Covariance components by a repeatability model in Slovenian dairy sheep using test-day records

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 426-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Komprej ◽  
G. Gorjanc ◽  
D. Kon ◽  
M. Kovač
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Environment Effect ◽  
Covariance Components ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

The estimation of covariance components for daily milk yield, fat and protein content was performed in three Slovenian dairy sheep breeds (Bovec, Improved Bovec, and Istrian Pramenka). In the period 1994–2002, 38 983 test-day records of 3 068 ewes were collected according to ICAR regulations (method A4). All the available relationships between animals were considered. For that reason, information on 3 534 animals was included. Test-day records were analysed by a multiple-trait repeatability animal model. In its fixed part, the model contained breed and season of lambing as classes. Days after lambing, parity, and litter size were treated as covariates. Days after lambing were modelled with modified Ali-Schaeffer’s lactation curve, parity with quadratic, and litter size with linear regression. The random part of the model consisted of flock-test month effect, additive genetic effect, permanent environment effect over lactations, and permanent environment effect within lactation. Covariance components were estimated using the restricted maximum likelihood method (REML). The estimated heritabilities were 0.11 for daily milk yield, 0.08 for fat content, and 0.10 for protein content. A relatively high variance ratio for all milk traits was explained by the flock-test month effect (from 0.27 for daily milk yield to 0.57 for protein content), while ratios explained by both permanent environment effects were lower (up to 0.13). Additive genetic correlations between daily milk yield and fat content, and daily milk yield and protein content were negative and similar (–0.36 and –0.37). A high and positive (0.67) additive genetic correlation between fat and protein content was found. Correlations for environmental effects showed a pattern similar to additive genetic correlations. Genetic parameters estimated in Slovenian dairy sheep showed that genetic progress in milk traits could be achieved using test-day milk records.

scholarly journals Effect of β-lactoglobulin gene polymorphism, lactation stage and breed on milk traits in Chios and Karagouniko sheep breeds

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostas A. Triantaphyllopoulos ◽  
Panagiota Koutsouli ◽  
Athanassios Kandris ◽  
Dimitris Papachristou ◽  
Kalliopi E. Markopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin ◽  
Daily Milk

Abstract The animal selection with favourable phenotypes of the past has been, currently, replaced by the genotype selection on quantitative traits, assisted by the expanding molecular techniques in the context of livestock improvement. In this study, the c.112T>C polymorphism in exon II of β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) gene was investigated in Karagouniko and Chios sheep breeds by using polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), and possible associations with milk traits were examined. In total, 125 blood DNA samples were isolated for PCR-RFLP analysis and the respective 217 milk samples′ composition profile was obtained. The goodness of fit test to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) for β-LG genotypes was estimated and associations found between β-LG genotypes and raw milk composition. Two alleles and three genotypes were observed (AA, AB and BB) in both breeds, and Chios breed significantly deviated (P≤0.05) from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). Conclusively, linear mixed model analysis on samples, from both breeds collectively, showed significant effects of β-LG genotype on lactose percentage and somatic cell count (SCC), lactation stage on daily milk yield and protein, while the breed effect was significant only on daily milk yield.

Significance of Environmental Influences on Average Daily Milk Traits of Sirohi Goats in Their Native Tract

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Gautam H.A. Waiz ◽  
R. K. Nagda
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Data on 3244 Sirohi kidding during 2004 to 2016 in farmer’s flocks under All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Goat Improvement (AICRP) project, Vallabhnagar, Udaipur were utilized to estimate the average daily milk (ADM) at different lactation months and subjected to least square analysis to study the effect of various non-genetic factors like cluster, periods of kidding, season of kidding, parity, type of birth and regression of dam’s weight. The overall least-squares means for ADM1, ADM2, ADM3, ADM4, ADM5 and overall ADM were 564.07±18.34, 671.92±15.17, 633.41±10.75, 508.93±8.01, 329.72±7.93 and 540.79±10.78 ml, respectively. Cluster and period wise variation were highly significant on all stages of average daily milk yields. The parity had statistically highly significant effect on average daily milk yields, in which seemed that milk yields increase as parity increase, thereafter declined slowly. The effect of type of kidding was non-significant on all stages of average daily milk yield under this study. The regression of dam’s weight at kidding was positive and highly significant (P£ 0.01) on all average daily milk yield. The heritability estimates for these traits ranged from 0.03 ± 0.01 (ADM4) to 0.19 ± 0.02 0.06 ± 002 (ADM1). The high estimates of genetic correlations of average milk yield of different periods with overall average daily milk yield. The phenotypic correlations were positive and low between ADM1 and ADM4­, ADM5 and medium between ADM1 and ADM4, ADM5. In order to augment goat milk production, goat keepers need to be focused on nutritional and others environmental conditions as it affect their flock.

scholarly journals Influence of microclimatic conditions on the daily production of dairy cows

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kucevic ◽  
M. Plavsic ◽  
S. Trivunovic ◽  
M. Radinovic ◽  
V. Bogdanovic
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Microclimatic Conditions ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

The aim of this paper was to determine the microclimatic conditions (ambient temperature and relative humidity) in dairy farm, as well as to evaluate the effect and significance of temperature - humidity index (THI) values on the daily milk yield. The observation of microclimatic parameters was conducted in the period from 9.03.2012 to 6.05.2012. The study included 136 Holstein Friesian cows. The estimation of the effect of THI on daily production of dairy cows was defined by applying fixed-effect statistical model. Average ambient temperature during measuring months amounted to 15.6?C (ranging from 7.2? C to 24.6?C), while the average value of relative humidity was 56.33% (ranging from 40.30% to 81.80%). During the study, the mean value of THI was 58.93 (ranging from 47.08 to 70.13) and didn?t exceed the critical comfort level of 72. All tested fixed-factors were statistically affected the daily milk yield (p <0.01). For each unit of increase in the value of the THI, the amount of milk decreased by 0.05344 kg. This confirmed the importance of regular recording of THI values and microclimatic conditions as a unique indicator of thermal stress in dairy farm.

scholarly journals Genetic and environmental parameters estimation for milk traits in Slovenian dairy sheep using random regression model

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 125-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Komprej ◽  
Š. Malovrh ◽  
G. Gorjanc ◽  
D. Kon ◽  
M. Kovač
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Random Regression ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Random Regression Model ◽  
Lactation Curve ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

(Co)variance components for daily milk yield, fat, and protein content in Slovenian dairy sheep were estimated with random regression model. Test-day records were collected by the ICAR A4 method. Analysis was done for 38 983 test-day records of 3068 ewes in 36 flocks. Common flock environment, additive genetic effect, permanent environment effect over lactations, and permanent environment effect within lactation were included into the random part of the model and modelled with Legendre polynomials on the standardized time scale of days in lactation. Estimation of (co)variance components was done with REML. The eigenvalues of covariance functions for random regression coefficients were calculated to quantify the sufficient order of Legendre polynomial for the (co)variance component estimation of milk traits. The existing 13 to 24% of additive genetic variability for the individual lactation curve indicated that the use of random regression model is justified for selection on the level and shape of lactation curve in dairy sheep. Four eigenvalues sufficiently explained variability during lactation in all three milk traits. Heritability estimate for daily milk yield was the highest in mid lactation (0.17) and lower in the early (0.11) and late (0.08) lactation. In fat content, the heritability was increasing throughout lactation (0.08&ndash;0.13). Values in protein content varied from the beginning toward mid lactation (0.15&ndash;0.19), while they rapidly increased at the end of lactation (0.28). Common flock environment explained the highest percentage of phenotypic variability: 27&ndash;41% in daily milk yield, 31&ndash;41% in fat content, and 41&ndash;49% in protein content. Variance ratios for the two permanent environment effects were the highest in daily milk yield (0.10&ndash;0.27), and lower in fat (0.04&ndash;0.08) and protein (0.01&ndash;0.10) contents. Additive genetic correlations during the selected test-days were high between the adjacent ones and they tended to decrease at the extremes of the lactation trajectory.

Suitability of simplified methods for monthly and twice-monthly milk recording, and new prediction factors for the alternate a.m./p.m. method in dairy ewes under a low-input production system

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Houcine Othmane ◽  
Latifa Trabelsi
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Production System ◽  
Recording System ◽  
Production Level ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Sicilo-Sarde dairy flock test-day data were analysed (1) to check predicting ability of ten milk recording procedures, based on information from a single monthly or bimonthly milking and (2) to look for the best pair of factors for predicting daily milk yield from either morning or afternoon milkings for the alternate testing method (AT). Prior to analyses, data were adjusted for variation factors with known significant effect. Number of test-day observations was 4755 from 458 lactations of 288 ewes. Losses of precision associated with simplified methods were evaluated by comparing estimated lactation yields with those observed both in a reference plan, where the two daily milkings were recorded at 2-weekly intervals and in the official A4 milk recording (monthly recording of the two daily milkings). Ranking of simplified plans based on their accuracy was still the same under either monthly or twice-monthly frequency. Estimates of lactation yields showed more lack of precision when the usual monthly designs were compared with twice-monthly sampling of both a.m. and p.m. milkings. Losses of precision ranged from 5·1%, for the A4 plan, to 14·6%. Thus, milk production should be estimated from both mikings when their measurement is economically feasible. When only one milking is weighed, designs based on—or beginning with—the a.m. milking were more accurate. There was no evidence of improvement in sampling accuracy by adjustment for milking interval or production level. For practical and economic reasons, the design alternating a.m. and p.m. milkings, without adjustment, is suggested for ovine milk recording. In such a case, new factors for estimating daily production from the measured milking (1·7, 2·3) should be used rather than the factors currently in use (2, 2) because they improved the loss of precision by more than 13% in a monthly recording system.

scholarly journals The Effect of Breeding Region on Differences in Persistency of Heat Stress Effect in First Parity Simmentals

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Vesna Gantner ◽  
Mirna Gavran ◽  
Dragan Dokić ◽  
Božo Važić ◽  
Maja Gregić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

In order to determine the effect of breeding region on differences in persistency of heat stress effect in first parity Simmentals test-day records provided by the Croatian Agricultural Agency were analysed. Only cows with detected statistically significant decrease in daily milk yield at set temperature-humidity index (THI) threshold value (65, 70 and 75) were included in the further analyses. The persistency of heat stress effect regarding the daily milk traits was determined as a drop in the subsequent milk recordings (1st and 2nd). The research results indicate significant difference in animals’ response to heat stress effect due to breeding region and individual’s susceptibility to heat stress. The most pronounced and persistent negative effect of heat stress was determined in cows reared in Eastern region. Also, the negative effect of heat stress was more pronounced and more persistent in Simmentals that were heat stressed at the lower THI threshold values (cows that are more susceptible to heat stress).

scholarly journals Effect of crossbreeding on linear udder scores and their phenotypic relationships in Iranian fat-tailed ewe’s

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sadeghi ◽  
A. Rafat ◽  
M. Bohlouli
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Now, image processing is a better technique than the subjectively assessments for linear scoring of morphologic traits, especially in fattailed ewe?s. The objective of this study was to assess this application in animal characterization on a case study in order to comparing of, udder morphological characteristics in two Iranian crossbred sheep populations including Ghezel-Arkhamerino (GH-MR; 25 ewes), Moghani-Arkharmerino (MG-MR; 25 ewes) and a pure one that was Ghezel ewes (20 ewes). Ten udder factors and five milk traits were measured on seventy ewes during three stages of lactation. Digital pictures were analyzed by Digimizer 3.6 software. Statistical analysis of udder liner scores was performed by using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.1 software. Results showed that long udders were more frequent in the Ghezel ewes than in crossbred?s ewes. Least variation was observed for teat placement score in Ghezel purebred ewes. The means of udder depth in the Ghezel ewes were larger than in the crossbreds (P<0.01). A positive correlation between left and right teat length scores were found in the all genetic groups (rp=0.47-0.65). Milking rate (rp= 0.81) and milking time (rp= 0.37) showed significant correlations with milk yield (P <0.001). The most useful udder scores for predicting daily milk yield appears to be the left teat length, teat placement and attachment width in Ghezel ewes. Phenotypic correlations variations within linear scores and their relationships with daily milk showed the potential of improvement of these traits in breeding programs of dairy sheep.

scholarly journals Persistence of heat stress eff ect in dairy cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Vesna Gantner ◽  
Tina Bobić ◽  
Klemen Potočnik ◽  
Maja Gregić ◽  
Denis Kučević
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

In order to determine the persistence of heat stress effect in dairy cows regarding the breed, parity and susceptibility to heat stress, over 1.9 million of test-day records from Holstein and Simmental cows reared in Croatia were used. The persistence of heat stress effect in the subsequent milk recordings was determined in cows that had significant decrease of daily milk yield at different THI threshold value (65, 70, 75, 80, and 85). The obtained results indicate that cows heat stressed at lower THI threshold value had higher proportional drop of daily milk yield in subsequent milk recordings. Also, primiparous and Simmentals experienced higher proportional drop when compared to multiparous and Holsteins. The negative effect of heat stress on daily milk contents that existed in all cows was more pronounced in the 2nd subsequent milk recording. The determined increase of somatic cell count in more heat stress sensitive Holsteins (THI in 65, 70, 75) indicates that Holstein cows, in terms of heat stress, also become more susceptible to mastitis. Finally, the lower was the THI threshold value, the stronger and more persistent was the heat stress effect. Considering the quite probable increase of the frequency of heat stress days, it is necessary to develop an adequate strategy for dairy farming. Aiming the accurate answer to the problem of heat stress in this region, it is necessary to conduct further research on genetic evaluation.

Analysis of milk traits in relation to feeding level and organization in a herd of high-yielding cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Stanisław Winnicki ◽  
Jerzy Lech Jugowar ◽  
Zbigniew Sobek ◽  
Anna Nienartowicz-Zdrojewska ◽  
Jolanta Różańska-Zawieja
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Recommended Level ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Daily Milk

The aim of the study was to determine factors influencing the balance of energy and protein in high-yielding cows. Daily milk yield, lactation number and month of lactation were analysed. The study was carried out in a herd with yield of 11,000 kg milk/year, on 517 lactating cows. The cows were divided into four feeding groups. They were fed TMR calculated for levels of milk production, as follows: group 1 – for 45 kg, group 2 – for 35 kg, group 3 – for 26 kg and group 4 – for 20 kg. The actual mean milk yield for these groups was 49.1 kg, 38.1 kg, 26.3 kg and 17.5 kg per day. Each group consisted of cows in their first to sixth lactation and in their first to tenth month of lactation. No significant differences were noted in daily milk yield between lactation numbers or months of lactation. As milk yield increased in the groups, the content of fat and protein decreased. The estimated balance of energy, based on the protein percentage in the milk, was negative for nearly the entire lactation in group 1, for the first four months of lactation in group 2, for the first two months in group 3, and in the second month of lactation for group 4. Group 1 was divided into three subgroups according to yield: up to 45 kg, 45-50 kg and 50 kg or more. Energy was estimated to be wellbalanced only in the first subgroup. The balance of energy in the cows was strongly determined by daily milk yield, and to a lesser degree by the month of lactation. Protein, based on the concentration of urea in the milk, was well-balanced in groups 1 and 2. In groups 3 and 4, the recommended level of protein in the rations was exceeded by 10-20%.

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