scholarly journals Wind speed dependent size-resolved parameterization for the organic mass fraction of sea spray aerosol

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 8777-8790 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gantt ◽  
N. Meskhidze ◽  
M. C. Facchini ◽  
M. Rinaldi ◽  
D. Ceburnis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Surface Wind Speed ◽  
Sea Spray ◽  
Organic Mass ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Sea Spray Aerosol

Abstract. For oceans to be a significant source of primary organic aerosol (POA), sea spray aerosol (SSA) must be highly enriched with organics relative to the bulk seawater. We propose that organic enrichment at the air-sea interface, chemical composition of seawater, and the aerosol size are three main parameters controlling the organic mass fraction of sea spray aerosol (OMSSA). To test this hypothesis, we developed a new marine POA emission function based on a conceptual relationship between the organic enrichment at the air-sea interface and surface wind speed. The resulting parameterization is explored using aerosol chemical composition and surface wind speed from Atlantic and Pacific coastal stations, and satellite-derived ocean concentrations of chlorophyll-a, dissolved organic carbon, and particulate organic carbon. Of all the parameters examined, a multi-variable logistic regression revealed that the combination of 10 m wind speed and surface chlorophyll-a concentration ([Chl-a]) are the most consistent predictors of OMSSA. This relationship, combined with the published aerosol size dependence of OMSSA, resulted in a new parameterization for the organic mass fraction of SSA. Global emissions of marine POA are investigated here by applying this newly-developed relationship to existing sea spray emission functions, satellite-derived [Chl-a], and modeled 10 m winds. Analysis of model simulations shows that global annual submicron marine organic emission associated with sea spray is estimated to be from 2.8 to 5.6 Tg C yr−1. This study provides additional evidence that marine primary organic aerosols are a globally significant source of organics in the atmosphere.

scholarly journals Wind speed dependent size-resolved parameterization for the organic enrichment of sea spray

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 10525-10555 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gantt ◽  
N. Meskhidze ◽  
M. C. Facchini ◽  
M. Rinaldi ◽  
D. Ceburnis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Surface Wind Speed ◽  
Organic Enrichment ◽  
Significant Source ◽  
Sea Spray ◽  
Chl A

Abstract. For oceans to become a significant source of primary organic aerosol (POA), sea spray must be highly enriched with organics relative to the bulk seawater. We propose that organic enrichment at the air-sea interface, chemical composition of seawater, and the aerosol size are three main parameters controlling the organic mass fraction of sea spray aerosol (OMss). To test this hypothesis, we developed a new marine POA emission function based on a conceptual relationship between the organic enrichment at the air-sea interface and surface wind speed. The resulting parameterization is explored using aerosol chemical composition and surface wind speed from Atlantic and Pacific coastal stations, and satellite-derived ocean concentrations of chlorophyll-a, dissolved organic carbon, and particulate organic carbon. Of all the parameters examined, a multi-variable logistic regression revealed that the combination of 10 m wind speed and surface chlorophyll-a concentration ([Chl-a]) are the most consistent predictors of OMss. This relationship, combined the published aerosol size dependence of OMss, resulted in a new parameterization for the organic carbon fraction of sea spray. Global marine primary organic emission is investigated here by applying this newly-developed relationship to existing sea spray emission functions, satellite-derived [Chl-a], and modeled 10 meter winds. Analysis of model simulations show that global annual submicron marine organic emission associated with sea spray is estimated to be from 2.8 to 5.6 Tg C yr−1. This study provides additional evidence that marine primary organic aerosols are a globally significant source of organics in the atmosphere.

scholarly journals Wind speed dependent size-resolved parameterization for the organic enrichment of sea spray

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 425-452
Author(s):  
B. Gantt ◽  
N. Meskhidze
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Surface Wind Speed ◽  
Organic Enrichment ◽  
Sea Spray ◽  
Chl A

Abstract. For oceans to become a significant source of primary organic aerosol, sea spray must be highly enriched with organics relative to the bulk seawater. We propose that organic enrichment at the air-sea interface, chemical composition of seawater, and the aerosol size are three main parameters controlling the organic fraction of sea spray aerosol (OCss). To test this hypothesis, we developed a new marine primary organic aerosol emission function based on a conceptual relationship between the organic enrichment at the air-sea interface and surface wind speed. The resulting parameterization is explored using aerosol chemical composition and surface wind speed from Atlantic and Pacific coastal stations, and satellite-derived ocean concentrations of chlorophyll-a, dissolved organic carbon, and particulate organic carbon. Of all the parameters examined, a multi-variable logistic regression revealed that the combination of 10 m wind speed and surface chlorophyll-a concentration ([Chl-a]) are the most consistent predictors of OCss. This relationship, combined with the published aerosol size dependence of OCss, resulted in a new parameterization for the organic carbon fraction of sea spray. Global marine primary organic emission is investigated here by applying this newly-developed relationship to existing sea spray emission functions, satellite-derived [Chl-a], and modeled 10 m winds. Analysis of model simulations show that global annual submicron marine organic emission associated with sea spray is estimated to be from 2.1 to 5.3 Tg C yr−1. This study provides additional evidence that marine primary organic aerosols are a globally significant source of organics in the atmosphere.

scholarly journals A new study of sea spray optical properties from multi-sensor spaceborne observations

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-244
Author(s):  
K. W. Dawson ◽  
N. Meskhidze ◽  
D. Josset ◽  
S. Gassó
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Surface Wind Speed ◽  
Sea Spray ◽  
Aerosol Layer ◽  
Sea Spray Aerosol ◽  
Lidar Ratio ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ocean Surface Wind

Abstract. Retrievals of aerosol optical depth (AOD) from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) satellite sensor require the assumption of an extinction-to-backscatter ratio, also known as the lidar ratio. This paper evaluates a new method to calculate the lidar ratio of sea spray aerosol using two independent sources: the AOD from the Synergized Optical Depth of Aerosols (SODA) algorithm and the integrated attenuated backscatter from CALIOP. With this method, the particulate lidar ratio can be derived for individual CALIOP retrievals in single aerosol layer columns over the ocean. Global analyses are carried out using CALIOP level 2, 5 km sea spray aerosol layer products and the collocated SODA nighttime data from December 2007 to December 2009. The global mean lidar ratio for sea spray aerosols was found to be 26 sr, roughly 30% higher than the current value prescribed by CALIOP standard retrieval algorithm. Data analysis also showed considerable spatiotemporal variability in the calculated lidar ratio over the remote oceans. The calculated aerosol lidar ratios are shown to be inversely related to the mean ocean surface wind speed: increase in ocean surface wind speed (U10) from 0 to >15 m s−1 reduces the mean lidar ratios for sea spray particles from 32 sr (for 015 m s−1). Such changes in the lidar ratio are expected to have a corresponding effect on the sea spray AOD. The outcomes of this study are relevant for future improvements of the SODA and CALIOP operational product and could lead to more accurate retrievals of sea spray AOD.

scholarly journals Secondary sulfate is internally mixed with sea spray aerosol and organic aerosol in the winter Arctic

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3937-3949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Kirpes ◽  
Amy L. Bondy ◽  
Daniel Bonanno ◽  
Ryan C. Moffet ◽  
Bingbing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Sea Spray ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Atmospheric Processing ◽  
Arctic Aerosol ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Sea Spray Aerosol

Abstract. Few measurements of aerosol chemical composition have been made during the winter–spring transition (following polar sunrise) to constrain Arctic aerosol–cloud–climate feedbacks. Herein, we report the first measurements of individual particle chemical composition near Utqiaġvik (Barrow), Alaska, in winter (seven sample days in January and February 2014). Individual particles were analyzed by computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (CCSEM-EDX, 24 847 particles), Raman microspectroscopy (300 particles), and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy with near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (STXM-NEXAFS, 290 particles). Sea spray aerosol (SSA) was observed in all samples, with fresh and aged SSA comprising 99 %, by number, of 2.5–7.5 µm diameter particles, 65–95 % from 0.5–2.5 µm, and 50–60 % from 0.1–0.5 µm, indicating SSA is the dominant contributor to accumulation and coarse-mode aerosol during the winter. The aged SSA particles were characterized by reduced chlorine content with 94 %, by number, internally mixed with secondary sulfate (39 %, by number, internally mixed with both nitrate and sulfate), indicative of multiphase aging reactions during transport. There was a large number fraction (40 % of 1.0–4.0 µm diameter particles) of aged SSA during periods when particles were transported from near Prudhoe Bay, consistent with pollutant emissions from the oil fields participating in atmospheric processing of aerosol particles. Organic carbon and sulfate particles were observed in all samples and comprised 40–50 %, by number, of 0.1–0.4 µm diameter particles, indicative of Arctic haze influence. Soot was internally mixed with organic and sulfate components. All sulfate was mixed with organic carbon or SSA particles. Therefore, aerosol sources in the Alaskan Arctic and resulting aerosol chemical mixing states need to be considered when predicting aerosol climate effects, particularly cloud formation, in the winter Arctic.

Calcium bridging drives polysaccharide co-adsorption to a proxy sea surface microlayer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Anne Carter-Fenk ◽  
Abigal Dommer ◽  
Michelle E. Fiamingo ◽  
Jeongin Kim ◽  
Rommie Amaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Co Adsorption ◽  
Ocean Surface ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Spray ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Sea Surface Microlayer ◽  
Sea Spray Aerosol ◽  
Significant Mass

Saccharides comprise a significant mass fraction of organic carbon in sea spray aerosol (SSA), but the mechanisms through which saccharides are transferred from seawater to the ocean surface and eventually...

scholarly journals Secondary Sulfate is Internally Mixed with Sea Spray Aerosol and Organic Aerosol in the Winter-Spring Arctic

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Kirpes ◽  
Amy L. Bondy ◽  
Daniel Bonanno ◽  
Ryan C. Moffet ◽  
Bingbing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Sea Spray ◽  
Atmospheric Processing ◽  
Arctic Aerosol ◽  
Spring Transition ◽  
Sea Spray Aerosol ◽  
Mixing States

Abstract. Few measurements of aerosol chemical composition have been made during the winter-spring transition to constrain Arctic aerosol-cloud-climate feedbacks. Herein, we report the first measurements of individual particle chemical composition near Utqiaġvik (Barrow), Alaska in winter-spring (January and February 2014). Sea spray aerosol (SSA) was observed in all samples, with fresh and aged SSA comprising 99 %, by number, of 2.5–10 µm diameter particles, 65–95 % from 0.5–2.5 µm, and 50–60 % from 0.1–0.5 µm, indicating SSA is the dominant contributor to accumulation and coarse mode aerosol during the winter-spring transition. The aged SSA particles were characterized by reduced chlorine content with 94 %, by number, internally mixed with secondary sulfate (39 %, by number, internally mixed with both nitrate and sulfate), indicative of multiphase aging reactions during transport. There was a large number fraction (40 % of 1.0–4.0 µm diameter particles) of aged SSA during periods when particles were transported from near Prudhoe Bay, consistent with pollutant emissions from the oil fields participating in atmospheric processing of aerosol particles. Organic carbon and sulfate particles were observed in all samples and comprised 40–50 %, by number, of 0.1–0.4 µm diameter particles, indicative of Arctic haze influence. Soot was internally mixed with organic and sulfate components. All sulfate was mixed with organic carbon or SSA particles. Therefore, aerosol sources in the Alaskan Arctic and resulting aerosol chemical mixing states need to be considered when predicting aerosol climate effects, particularly cloud formation, in the winter-spring Arctic.

scholarly journals Mediterranean nascent sea spray organic aerosol and relationships with seawater biogeochemistry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Freney ◽  
Karine Sellegri ◽  
Alessia Nicosia ◽  
Jonathan T. Trueblood ◽  
Matteo Rinaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Particulate Organic Carbon ◽  
Time Resolution ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Sea Spray ◽  
Surface Seawater ◽  
Organic Mass ◽  
Cell Abundance ◽  
Phytoplankton Cell ◽  
Sea Spray Aerosol

Abstract. The organic mass fraction from sea spray aerosol (SSA) is currently a subject of intense research. The majority of this research is dedicated to measurements in ambient air, although recently a small number of studies have additionally focused on nascent sea spray aerosol. This work presents measurements collected during a five-week cruise in May and June 2017 in the central and western Mediterranean Sea, an oligotrophic marine region with low phytoplankton biomass. Surface seawater was continuously pumped into a bubble bursting apparatus to generate nascent sea spray aerosol. Size distributions were measured with a differential mobility particle sizer (DMPS). Chemical characterization of the submicron aerosol was performed with a time of flight aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ToF-ACSM) operating with a 15-minute time resolution, and with filter-based chemical analysis on a daily basis. Using a positive matrix factorization analysis, the ToF-ACSM non-refractory organic matter (OMNR) was separated into four different organic aerosols types which were identified as primary OA (POANR), oxidized OA (OOANR), a methanesulfonic acid type OA (MSA-OANR) and a mixed OA (MOANR). In parallel, surface seawater biogeochemical properties were monitored providing information on phytoplankton cell abundance and seawater particulate organic carbon (one-hour time resolution), and seawater surface microlayer (SML) dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (on a daily basis). Statistically robust correlations (for n > 500) were found between MOANR and nano phytoplankton cell abundance, as well as between POANR, OOANR, and particulate organic carbon (POC). Filter-based analysis of the submicron SSA showed that the non-refractory organic mass represented only 13 ± 3 % of the total organic mass, which represents 22 ± 6 % of the total sea spray mass. Parameterizations of the contributions of different types of organics to the submicron nascent sea spray aerosol are proposed as a function of the seawater biogeochemical properties for use in models.

Recurrence Characteristics Analysis of Near-Surface Wind Speed Signal with Different Sampling Frequencies

2014 ◽  
Vol 599-601 ◽  
pp. 1605-1609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Zeng ◽  
Zhan Xie Wu ◽  
Qing Hao Meng ◽  
Jing Hai Li ◽  
Shu Gen Ma
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Surface Wind Speed ◽  
Recurrence Plot ◽  
Sampling Frequency ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Gas Leakage ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Characteristics Analysis ◽  
Quantification Analysis

The wind is the main factor to influence the propagation of gas in the atmosphere. Therefore, the wind signal obtained by anemometer will provide us valuable clues for searching gas leakage sources. In this paper, the Recurrence Plot (RP) and Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA) are applied to analyze the influence of recurrence characteristics of the wind speed time series under the condition of the same place, the same time period and with the sampling frequency of 1hz, 2hz, 4.2hz, 5hz, 8.3hz, 12.5hz and 16.7hz respectively. Research results show that when the sampling frequency is higher than 5hz, the trends of recurrence nature of different groups are basically unchanged. However, when the sampling frequency is set below 5hz, the original trend of recurrence nature is destroyed, because the recurrence characteristic curves obtained using different sampling frequencies appear cross or overlapping phenomena. The above results indicate that the anemometer will not be able to fully capture the detailed information in wind field when its sampling frequency is lower than 5hz. The recurrence characteristics analysis of the wind speed signals provides an important basis for the optimal selection of anemometer.

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