scholarly journals Trends in stratospheric ozone derived from merged SAGE II and Odin-OSIRIS satellite observations

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 6983-6994 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Bourassa ◽  
D. A. Degenstein ◽  
W. J. Randel ◽  
J. M. Zawodny ◽  
E. Kyrölä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Basis Functions ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Tropical Tropopause ◽  
Infrared Imager ◽  
Ozone Profile ◽  
Biennial Oscillation

Abstract. Stratospheric ozone profile measurements from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment~(SAGE) II satellite instrument (1984–2005) are combined with those from the Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imager System (OSIRIS) instrument on the Odin satellite (2001–Present) to quantify interannual variability and decadal trends in stratospheric ozone between 60° S and 60° N. These data are merged into a multi-instrument, long-term stratospheric ozone record (1984–present) by analyzing the measurements during the overlap period of 2002–2005 when both satellite instruments were operational. The variability in the deseasonalized time series is fit using multiple linear regression with predictor basis functions including the quasi-biennial oscillation, El Niño–Southern Oscillation index, solar activity proxy, and the pressure at the tropical tropopause, in addition to two linear trends (one before and one after 1997), from which the decadal trends in ozone are derived. From 1984 to 1997, there are statistically significant negative trends of 5–10% per decade throughout the stratosphere between approximately 30 and 50 km. From 1997 to present, a statistically significant recovery of 3–8% per decade has taken place throughout most of the stratosphere with the notable exception between 40° S and 40° N below approximately 22 km where the negative trend continues. The recovery is not significant between 25 and 35 km altitudes when accounting for a conservative estimate of instrument drift.

scholarly journals Trends in stratospheric ozone derived from merged SAGE II and Odin-OSIRIS satellite observations

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 7113-7140 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Bourassa ◽  
D. A. Degenstein ◽  
W. J. Randel ◽  
J. M. Zawodny ◽  
E. Kyrölä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Basis Functions ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Tropical Tropopause ◽  
Infrared Imager ◽  
Ozone Profile ◽  
Biennial Oscillation

Abstract. Stratospheric ozone profile measurements from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II satellite instrument (1984–2005) are combined with those from the Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imager System (OSIRIS) instrument on the Odin satellite (2001–Present) to quantify interannual variability and decadal trends in stratospheric ozone between 60° S and 60° N. These data are merged into a multi-instrument, long-term stratospheric ozone record (1984–present) by analyzing the measurements during the overlap period of 2002–2005 when both satellite instruments were operational. The variability in the deseasonalized time series is fit using multiple linear regression with predictor basis functions including the quasi-biennial oscillation, El Niño-Southern Oscillation index, solar activity proxy, and the pressure at the tropical tropopause, in addition to two linear trends (one before and one after 1997), from which the decadal trends in ozone are derived. From 1984–1997, there are statistically significant negative trends of 5–10% per decade throughout the stratosphere between approximately 30–50 km. From 1997–present, a statistically significant recovery of 3–8% per decade has taken place throughout most of the stratosphere with the notable exception between 40° S–40° N below approximately 22 km where the negative trend continues. The recovery is not significant between 25–35 km altitude when accounting for a conservative estimate of instrument drift.

scholarly journals Trend and variability in ozone in the tropical lower stratosphere over 2.5 solar cycles observed by SAGE II and OSIRIS

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 16661-16697 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Sioris ◽  
C. A. McLinden ◽  
V. E. Fioletov ◽  
C. Adams ◽  
J. M. Zawodny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Tropopause Height ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Infrared Imager ◽  
Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Temporal Overlap

Abstract. We are able to replicate previously reported decadal trends in the tropical lower stratospheric ozone anomaly based on Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II observations. We have extended the satellite-based ozone anomaly time series to the present (December 2012) by merging SAGE II with OSIRIS (Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imager System) and correcting for the small bias (~0.5%) between them, determined using their temporal overlap of 4 yr. Analysis of the merged dataset (1984–2012) shows a statistically significant negative trend at all altitudes in the 18–25 km range reaching (−6.5 ± 1.8)% decade−1 at 18.5 km, with underlying strong variations due to El Niño–Southern Oscillation, the Quasi–Biennial Oscillation, and tropopause height.

scholarly journals Drift corrected Odin-OSIRIS ozone product: algorithm and updated stratospheric ozone trends

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam E. Bourassa ◽  
Chris Z. Roth ◽  
Daniel J. Zawada ◽  
Landon A. Rieger ◽  
Chris A. McLinden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Retrieval Algorithm ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Infrared Imager ◽  
Ozone Profile ◽  
Ozone Trends

Abstract. A small, long-term drift in the Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imager System (OSIRIS) stratospheric ozone product, manifested mostly since 2012, is quantified and attributed to a changing bias in the limb pointing knowledge of the instrument. A correction to this pointing drift using a predictable shape in the measured limb radiance profile is implemented and applied within the OSIRIS retrieval algorithm. This new data product, version 5.10, displays substantially better both long- and short-term agreement with MLS ozone throughout the stratosphere due to the pointing correction. Previously reported stratospheric ozone trends over the time period 1984–2013, which were derived by merging the altitude/number density ozone profile measurements from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II satellite instrument (1984–2005) and from OSIRIS (2002–2013) are recalculated using the new OSIRIS version 5.10 product, and extended to 2017. These results still show statistically significant positive trends throughout the upper stratosphere since 1997, but at weaker levels that are more closely in line with estimates from other data records.

scholarly journals Evolution of stratospheric ozone and water vapour time series studied with satellite measurements

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1157-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jones ◽  
J. Urban ◽  
D. P. Murtagh ◽  
P. Eriksson ◽  
S. Brohede ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Infrared Imager ◽  
Scanning Imaging

Abstract. The long term evolution of stratospheric ozone and water vapour has been investigated by extending satellite time series to April 2008. For ozone, we examine monthly average ozone values from various satellite data sets for nine latitude and altitude bins covering 60° S to 60° N and 20–45 km and covering the time period 1979–2008. Data are from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE I+II), the HALogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), the Solar BackscatterUltraViolet-2 (SBUV/2) instrument, the Sub-Millimetre Radiometer (SMR), the Optical Spectrograph InfraRed Imager System (OSIRIS), and the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartograpY (SCIAMACHY). Monthly ozone anomalies are calculated by utilising a linear regression model, which also models the solar, quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), and seasonal cycle contributions. Individual instrument ozone anomalies are combined producing a weighted all instrument average. Assuming a turning point of 1997 and that the all instrument average is represented by good instrumental long term stability, the largest statistically significant ozone declines from 1979–1997 are seen at the mid-latitudes between 35 and 45 km, namely −7.7%/decade in the Northern Hemisphere and −7.8%/decade in the Southern Hemisphere. For the period 1997 to 2008 we find that the southern mid-latitudes between 35 and 45 km show the largest ozone recovery (+3.4%/decade) compared to other global regions, although the estimated trend model error is of a similar magnitude (+2.1%/decade, at the 95% confidence level). An all instrument average is also constructed from water vapour anomalies during 1984–2008, using the SAGE II, HALOE, SMR, and the Microwave Limb Sounder (aura/MLS) measurements. We report that the decrease in water vapour values after 2001 slows down around 2004 in the lower tropical stratosphere (20–25 km), and has even shown signs of increasing values in upper stratospheric mid-latitudes. We show that a similar correlation is also seen with the temperature measured at 100 hPa during this same period.

scholarly journals Drift-corrected Odin-OSIRIS ozone product: algorithm and updated stratospheric ozone trends

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 489-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam E. Bourassa ◽  
Chris Z. Roth ◽  
Daniel J. Zawada ◽  
Landon A. Rieger ◽  
Chris A. McLinden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Retrieval Algorithm ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Infrared Imager ◽  
Ozone Profile ◽  
Ozone Trends

Abstract. A small long-term drift in the Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imager System (OSIRIS) stratospheric ozone product, manifested mostly since 2012, is quantified and attributed to a changing bias in the limb pointing knowledge of the instrument. A correction to this pointing drift using a predictable shape in the measured limb radiance profile is implemented and applied within the OSIRIS retrieval algorithm. This new data product, version 5.10, displays substantially better both long- and short-term agreement with Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) ozone throughout the stratosphere due to the pointing correction. Previously reported stratospheric ozone trends over the time period 1984–2013, which were derived by merging the altitude–number density ozone profile measurements from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II satellite instrument (1984–2005) and from OSIRIS (2002–2013), are recalculated using the new OSIRIS version 5.10 product and extended to 2017. These results still show statistically significant positive trends throughout the upper stratosphere since 1997, but at weaker levels that are more closely in line with estimates from other data records.

scholarly journals Stratospheric ozone interannual variability (1995–2011) as observed by Lidar and Satellite at Mauna Loa Observatory, HI and Table Mountain Facility, CA

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 30825-30867
Author(s):  
G. Kirgis ◽  
T. Leblanc ◽  
I. S. McDermid ◽  
T. D. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Montreal Protocol ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Mauna Loa ◽  
Table Mountain ◽  
Biennial Oscillation

Abstract. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) lidars, at the Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii (MLO, 19.5° N, 155.6° W) and the JPL Table Mountain Facility (TMF, California, 34.5° N, 117.7° W), have been measuring vertical profiles of stratospheric ozone routinely since the early 1990's and late-1980s respectively. Interannual variability of ozone above these two sites was investigated using a multi-linear regression analysis on the deseasonalized monthly mean lidar and satellite time-series at 1 km intervals between 20 and 45 km from January 1995 to April 2011, a period of low volcanic aerosol loading. Explanatory variables representing the 11-yr solar cycle, the El Niño Southern Oscillation, the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, the Eliassen–Palm flux, and horizontal and vertical transport were used. A new proxy, the mid-latitude ozone depleting gas index, which shows a decrease with time as an outcome of the Montreal Protocol, was introduced and compared to the more commonly used linear trend method. The analysis also compares the lidar time-series and a merged time-series obtained from the space-borne stratospheric aerosol and gas experiment II, halogen occultation experiment, and Aura-microwave limb sounder instruments. The results from both lidar and satellite measurements are consistent with recent model simulations which propose changes in tropical upwelling. Additionally, at TMF the ozone depleting gas index explains as much variance as the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation in the upper stratosphere. Over the past 17 yr a diminishing downward trend in ozone was observed before 2000 and a net increase, and sign of ozone recovery, is observed after 2005. Our results which include dynamical proxies suggest possible coupling between horizontal transport and the 11-yr solar cycle response, although a dataset spanning a period longer than one solar cycle is needed to confirm this result.

scholarly journals Development of a climate record of tropospheric and stratospheric ozone from satellite remote sensing: evidence of an early recovery of global stratospheric ozone

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 3169-3211
Author(s):  
J. R. Ziemke ◽  
S. Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Climate Models ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Time Record ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Biennial Oscillation

Abstract. Ozone data beginning October 2004 from the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) are used to evaluate the accuracy of the Cloud Slicing technique in effort to develop long data records of tropospheric and stratospheric ozone and for studying their long-term changes. Using this technique, we have produced a 32-yr (1979–2010) long record of tropospheric and stratospheric ozone from the combined Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and OMI. The analyses of these time series suggest that the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is the dominant source of inter-annual variability of stratospheric ozone and is clearest in the Southern Hemisphere during the Aura time record with related inter-annual changes of 30–40 Dobson Units. Tropospheric ozone also indicates a QBO signal in the tropics with peak-to-peak changes varying from 2 to 7 DU. The stratospheric ozone record indicates a steady increase since the mid-1990's with current ozone levels comparable to the mid-1980's. This is earlier than predicted by many of the current climate models which suggest recovery to the mid-1980's levels by year 2020 or later.

scholarly journals Trend and variability in ozone in the tropical lower stratosphere over 2.5 solar cycles observed by SAGE II and OSIRIS

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 3479-3496 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Sioris ◽  
C. A. McLinden ◽  
V. E. Fioletov ◽  
C. Adams ◽  
J. M. Zawodny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Trend Detection ◽  
Relative Standard Error ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Relative Standard

Abstract. We have extended the satellite-based ozone anomaly time series to the present (December 2012) by merging SAGE II (Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II) with OSIRIS (Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imager System) and correcting for the small bias (~0.5%) between them, determined using their temporal overlap of 4 years. Analysis of the merged data set (1984–2012) shows a statistically significant negative trend at all altitudes in the 18–25 km range, including a trend of (−4.6 ± 2.6)% decade−1 at 19.5 km where the relative standard error is a minimum. We are also able to replicate previously reported decadal trends in the tropical lower-stratospheric ozone anomaly based on SAGE II observations. Uncertainties are smaller on the merged trend than the SAGE II trend at all altitudes. Underlying strong fluctuations in ozone anomaly due to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the altitude-dependent quasi-biennial oscillation, and tropopause pressure need to be taken into account to reduce trend uncertainties and, in the case of ENSO, to accurately determine the linear trend just above the tropopause. We also compare the observed ozone trend with a calculated trend that uses information on tropical upwelling and its temporal trend from model simulations, tropopause pressure trend information derived from reanalysis data, and vertical profiles from SAGE II and OSIRIS to determine the vertical gradient of ozone and its trend. We show that the observed trend agrees with the calculated trend and that the magnitude of the calculated trend is dominated by increased tropical upwelling, with minor but increasing contribution from the vertical ozone gradient trend as the tropical tropopause is approached. Improvements are suggested for future regression modelling efforts which could reduce trend uncertainties and biases in trend magnitudes, thereby allowing accurate trend detection to extend below 18 km.

scholarly journals Differences in the QBO response to stratospheric aerosol modification depending on injection strategy and species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning Franke ◽  
Ulrike Niemeier ◽  
Daniele Visioni
Keyword(s):  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Adverse Side Effect ◽  
Aerosol Layer ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Thermal Wind ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Maximum Warming ◽  
Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Injection Strategies

Abstract. A known adverse side effect of stratospheric aerosol modification (SAM) is the modification of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), which is caused by the stratospheric heating associated with an artificial aerosol layer. Multiple studies found the QBO to slow down or even completely vanish for point-like injections of SO2 at the equator. The cause for this was found to be a modification of the thermal wind balance and a stronger tropical upwelling. For other injection strategies, different responses of the QBO have been observed. It has not yet been presented a theory which is able to explain those differences in a comprehensive manner, which is further complicated by the fact that the simulated QBO response is highly sensitive to the used model even under identical boundary conditions. Therefore, within this study we investigate the response of the QBO to SAM for three different injection strategies (point-like injection at the equator, point-like injection at 30° N and 30° S simultaneously, and areal injection into a 60° wide belt along the equator). Our simulations confirm that the QBO response significantly depends on the injection location. Based on the thermal wind balance, we demonstrate that this dependency is explained by differences in the meridional structure of the aerosol-induced stratospheric warming, i.e. the location and meridional extension of the maximum warming. Additionally, we also tested two different injection species (SO2 and H2SO4). The QBO response is qualitatively similar for both investigated injection species. Comparing the results to corresponding results of a second model, we further demonstrate the generality of our theory as well as the importance of an interactive treatment of stratospheric ozone for the simulated QBO response.

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