Exploring aerosol cloud interaction using VOCALS-REx aircraft measurements
Abstract. In situ aircraft measurements during the VAMOS Ocean–Cloud–Atmosphere–Land Study-Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx) field campaign are employed to study the interaction between aerosol and stratocumulus over the southeast Pacific Ocean, as well as entrainment process near the top of stratocumulus and its possible impacts on aerosol–cloud interaction. Our analysis suggest that the increase of liquid water content (LWC) is mainly contributed by cloud droplet number concentration (Nd) instead of effective radius of cloud droplets in the polluted case, in which more droplets form with smaller size, while the opposite is true in the clean case. By looking into the influences of dynamical conditions and aerosol microphysical properties on the cloud droplet formation, it is confirmed that cloud droplets are more easily to form under the conditions with large vertical velocity and aerosol size. An increase in aerosol concentration tends to increase both Nd and relative dispersion (ϵ), while an increase in vertical velocity (w) often increases Nd but decreases ϵ. After constraining the differences of cloud dynamics, positive correlation between ϵ and Nd become stronger, implying that perturbations of w could weaken the influence of aerosol on ϵ, and hence may result in an underestimation of aerosol dispersion effect. The difference of cloud microphysical properties between entrainment and non-entrainment zones confirms that the entrainment-mixing mechanism is predominantly extreme inhomogeneous in the stratocumulus that capped by a sharp inversion, namely the entrainment reduces Nd and LWC by 28.9 % and 24.8 % on average, respectively, while the size of droplets is relatively unaffected. In entrainment zone, smaller aerosols and drier air entrained from the top induce less cloud droplet with respect to total in-cloud particles (0.56 ± 0.22) than the case in non-entrainment zone (0.73 ± .0.13) by inhibiting aerosol activation and promoting cloud droplets evaporation.