scholarly journals Atmospheric ammonia variability and link with PM formation: a case study over the Paris area

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Viatte ◽  
Tianze Wang ◽  
Martin Van Damme ◽  
Enrico Dammers ◽  
Frederik Meleux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Model ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Back Trajectories ◽  
The North ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Paris Area ◽  
North Part ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Cross Track

Abstract. The Paris megacity experiences frequent particulate matter (PM2.5, PM with a diameter less than 2.5 μm) pollution episodes in springtime (March–April). At this time of the year, large parts of the particles consist of ammonium sulfate and nitrate which are formed from ammonia (NH3) released during fertilizer spreading practices and transported from the surrounding areas to Paris. There is still limited knowledge on the emission sources around Paris, their magnitude and seasonality. Using space-borne NH3 observation records of 10-years (2008–2017) and 5-years (2013–2017) provided by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) and the Cross-Track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) instrument, regional pattern of NH3 variabilities (seasonal and inter-annual) are derived. Observations reveal identical high seasonal variabilities with three major NH3 hot spots found from March to August. The high inter-annual variability is discussed with respect to atmospheric total precipitation and temperature. A detailed analysis of the seasonal cycle is performed using both IASI and the CrIS instrument data, together with outputs from the CHIMERE atmospheric model. For months of high NH3 concentrations (March to August) the CHIMERE model shows good correspondence with correlation slopes of 0.98 and 0.71 when comparing with IASI and CrIS, respectively. It is found that the model is only able to reproduce half of the observed atmospheric temporal NH3 variability in the domain. In term of spatial variability, the CHIMERE monthly NH3 concentrations in springtime show a slight underrepresentation over Belgium and the United-Kingdom and overrepresentation in agricultural areas in the French Brittany/Pays de la Loire and Plateau du Jura region, as well as in the north part of Switzerland. Using HYSPLIT cluster analysis of back-trajectories, we show that NH3 total columns measured in spring over Paris are enhanced when air masses are originated from the Northeast (e. g., Netherlands and Belgium), highlighting the long-range transport importance on the NH3 budget over Paris. Finally, we quantify the key meteorological parameters driving the specific conditions important for the PM2.5 formation from NH3 in the Ile-de-France region in springtime. Data-driven results based on surface PM2.5 measurements from the Airparif network and IASI NH3 observations show that a combination of the factors, e. g. a low boundary layer of ~500 m, a relatively low temperature of 5 °C and a high relative humidity of 70 %, contributes to favor PM2.5 and NH3 correlation.

scholarly journals Atmospheric ammonia variability and link with particulate matter formation: a case study over the Paris area

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 577-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Viatte ◽  
Tianze Wang ◽  
Martin Van Damme ◽  
Enrico Dammers ◽  
Frederik Meleux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Atmospheric Model ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Back Trajectories ◽  
Northern Switzerland ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Paris Area ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Abstract. The Paris megacity experiences frequent particulate matter (i.e.PM2.5, particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 µm) pollution episodes in spring (March–April). At this time of the year, large numbers of the particles consist of ammonium sulfate and nitrate which are formed from ammonia (NH3) released during fertilizer spreading practices and transported from the surrounding areas to Paris. There is still limited knowledge of the emission sources around Paris, their magnitude, and their seasonality. Using space-borne NH3 observation records of 10 years (2008–2017) and 5 years (2013–2017) provided by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) and the Cross-Track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) instrument, regional patterns of NH3 variabilities (seasonal and interannual) are derived. Observations reveal identical high seasonal variability with three major NH3 hotspots found from March to August. The high interannual variability is discussed with respect to atmospheric total precipitation and temperature. A detailed analysis of the seasonal cycle is performed using both IASI and CrIS instrument data, together with outputs from the CHIMERE atmospheric model. For 2014 and 2015, the CHIMERE model shows coefficients of determination of 0.58 and 0.18 when compared to IASI and CrIS, respectively. With respect to spatial variability, the CHIMERE monthly NH3 concentrations in spring show a slight underrepresentation over Belgium and the United Kingdom and an overrepresentation in agricultural areas in the French Brittany–Pays de la Loire and Plateau du Jura region, as well as in northern Switzerland. In addition, PM2.5 concentrations derived from the CHIMERE model have been evaluated against surface measurements from the Airparif network over Paris, with which agreement was found (r2 = 0.56) with however an underestimation during spring pollution events. Using HYSPLIT cluster analysis of back trajectories, we show that NH3 total columns measured in spring over Paris are enhanced when air masses originate from the north-east (e.g. the Netherlands and Belgium), highlighting the importance of long-range transport in the NH3 budget over Paris. Variability in NH3 in the north-east region is likely to impact NH3 concentrations in the Parisian region since the cross-correlation function is above 0.3 (at lag = 0 and 1 d). Finally, we quantify the key meteorological parameters driving the specific conditions important for the formation of PM2.5 from NH3 in the Île-de-France region in spring. Data-driven results based on surface PM2.5 measurements from the Airparif network and IASI NH3 measurements show that a combination of the factors such as a low boundary layer of ∼500 m, a relatively low temperature of 5 ∘C, a high relative humidity of 70 %, and wind from the north-east contributes to a positive PM2.5 and NH3 correlation.

Becoming a Community Musician

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave Camlin ◽  
Katherine Zesersen
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Community Music ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
The North ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Democratic Pedagogy ◽  
Situated Perspective

In this chapter, we outline an approach to training in community music that is congruent with its pluralistic and diverse character. From the situated perspective of Sage Gateshead, a large music organization in the north of the United Kingdom, we reflect on some of the ways that musicians have developed the skills, knowledge, and attitudes to become effective practitioners of community music. Rooted in a dialogic and democratic pedagogy, the training processes described herein recognize the highly individualized nature of community music practices, and are underpinned by the explicitly humanistic values and attitudes that unite them.

scholarly journals FRI0649-HPR HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE PRESCRIBING AND OPHTHALMOLOGY SCREENING WITHIN RHEUMATOLOGY DEPARTMENTS IN THE NORTH-WEST OF THE UNITED KINGDOM: A PROSPECTIVE REGIONAL AUDIT

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 928.2-929
Author(s):  
S. Juman ◽  
T. David ◽  
L. Gray ◽  
R. Hamad ◽  
S. Horton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Service Level ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Treatment Dosage ◽  
Sd Oct

Background:Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is widely used in the management of rheumatoid arthritis and connective tissue disease. The prevalence of retinopathy in patients taking long-term HCQ is approximately 7.5%, increasing to 20-50% after 20 years of therapy. Hydroxychloroquine prescribed at ≤5 mg/kg poses a toxicity risk of <1% up to five years and <2% up to ten years, but increases sharply to almost 20% after 20 years. Risk factors for retinopathy include doses >5mg/kg/day, concomitant tamoxifen or chloroquine use and renal impairment. The UK Royal College of Ophthalmologists (RCOphth) 2018 guidelines for HCQ screening recommend optimal treatment dosage and timing for both baseline and follow-up ophthalmology review for patients on HCQ, with the aim of preventing iatrogenic visual loss. This is similar to recommendations made by the American Academy of Ophthalmology (2016).Objectives:To determine adherence to the RCOphth guidelines for HCQ screening within the Rheumatology departments in the North-West of the UK.Methods:Data for patients established on HCQ and those initiated on HCQ therapy were collected over a 7 week period from 9 Rheumatology departments.Results:473 patients were included of which 56 (12%) were new starters and 417 (88%) were already established on HCQ. 79% of the patients were female, with median ages of 60.5 and 57 years for new and established patients respectively. The median (IQR) weight for new starters was 71 (27.9) kg and for established patients, 74 (24.7) kg.20% of new starters exceeded 5mg/kg daily HCQ dose. 16% were identified as high risk (9% had previously taken chloroquine, 5% had an eGFR <60ml/min/m2and 2% had retinal co-pathology). Of the high-risk group, 44% were taking <5mg/kg. In total, 36% of new starters were referred for a formal baseline Ophthalmology review.In the established patients, 74% were taking ≤5mg/kg/day HCQ dose and 16% were categorized as high risk (10% had an eGFR less than 60ml/min/m2, 3% had previous chloroquine or tamoxifen use and 2% had retinal co-pathology). In the high-risk group, 75% were not referred for spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). 41% of patients established on HCQ for <5 years, and 33% of patients on HCQ for >5 years were not referred for SD-OCT. Reasons for not referring included; awaiting 5 year review, previous screening already performed and optician review advised.Since the introduction of the RCOphth guidelines, 29% patients already established on HCQ had an alteration in the dosage of HCQ in accordance with the guidelines. In the high-risk group, 16% were not on the recommended HCQ dose.Conclusion:This audit demonstrates inconsistencies in adherence to the RCOphth guidelines for HCQ prescribing and ophthalmology screening within Rheumatology departments in the North-West of the UK for both new starters and established patients. Plans to improve this include wider dissemination of the guidelines to Rheumatology departments and strict service level agreements with ophthalmology teams to help optimize HCQ prescribing and screening for retinopathy.Acknowledgments:Drs. S Jones, E MacPhie, A Madan, L Coates & Prof L Teh. Co-1st author, T David.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Potential Source Areas for Atmospheric Lead Reaching Ny-Ålesund from 2010 to 2018

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 388
Author(s):  
Andrea Bazzano ◽  
Stefano Bertinetti ◽  
Francisco Ardini ◽  
David Cappelletti ◽  
Marco Grotti
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Back Trajectory ◽  
Pb Isotope ◽  
Back Trajectories ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Pb Concentration

Lead content, enrichment factors, and isotopic composition (208Pb/206Pb and 207Pb/206Pb) measured in atmospheric particulate matter (PM10) samples collected for nine years at Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard islands, Norwegian Arctic) during spring and summer are presented and discussed. The possible source areas (PSA) for particulate inferred from Pb isotope ratio values were compared to cluster analysis of back-trajectories. Results show that anthropogenic Pb dominates over natural crustal Pb, with a recurring higher influence in spring, compared to summer. Crustal Pb accounted for 5–16% of the measured Pb concentration. Anthropogenic Pb was affected by (i) a Central Asian PSA with Pb isotope signature compatible with ores smelted in the Rudny Altai region, at the Russian and Kazakhstan border, which accounted for 85% of the anthropogenic Pb concentration, and (ii) a weaker North American PSA, contributing for the remaining 15%. Central Asian PSA exerted an influence on 71–86% of spring samples, without any significant interannual variation. On the contrary, 59–87% of summer samples were influenced by the North American PSA, with higher contributions during 2015 and 2018. Back-trajectory analysis agreed on the seasonal difference in PSA and highlighted a possible increased influence for North American air masses during summer 2010 and 2018, but not for summer 2015.

Allied High Commission for Germany

1951 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-832
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Foreign Minister ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scrap Metal ◽  
German Federal Republic ◽  
The North ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Contractual Agreements

With the development of certain administrative frictions (concerning coal quotas, occupation costs, and the scrap metal treaty) between the western occupying powers and the German Federal Republic, early indications were that if the talk of “contractual agreements” did materialize it would reserve, for the occupying powers, wide controls over important areas of west Germany's internal and external affairs. In Washington, however, a general modification of approach was noted during the September discussions between the United States Secretary of State (Acheson), the United Kingdom Foreign Secretary (Morrison), and the French Foreign Minister (Schuman), preparatory to the Ottawa meetings of the North Atlantic Council.

Oscillations of the Black Sea sea level in the north part of the coast

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
Yu. I. Goryachkin ◽  
V. A. Ivanov ◽  
Yu. A. Stepanyants
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
North Part

scholarly journals Investigation of an outbreak of ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae using a simplified opa-typing method

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. PALMER ◽  
J. P. LEEMING ◽  
A. TURNER
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Resistant Clone ◽  
Typing Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
The North ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Pcr Rflp

Ciprofloxacin-resistant gonococci have been isolated from patients in the United Kingdom since 1993. Until recently, evidence has suggested that the majority of infections are not endemic but have been acquired abroad. In October 1999, increasing numbers of ciprofloxacin resistant isolates of the non-requiring auxotype were reported in Oldham and Rochdale (Northwest England). These and similar isolates from elsewhere in England and Wales were genetically characterized using a simplified opa-typing method (a non-radioactive PCR–RFLP method targeting the opa family of genes). Of 73 isolates studied, 24 had unique opa-types (10 from infections acquired abroad), whilst the remaining 49 were indistinguishable (none were known to be acquired abroad). This cluster included 31 isolates from Oldham and Rochdale, 16 from elsewhere in the north of England, and 2 from Southern England and South Wales with known epidemiological links to cases from Manchester and Rochdale respectively. This study illustrates the potential for spread of an antibiotic resistant clone of N. gonorrhoeae both locally and nationally and demonstrates that endemic acquisition of ciprofloxacin-resistant gonococci is now a significant problem in the United Kingdom.

scholarly journals Psychiatry in Ireland

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahid Latif
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Republic

Ireland is the third largest island in Europe and the twentieth largest island in the world, with an area of 86 576 km2; it has a total population of slightly under 6 million. It lies to the north-west of continental Europe and to the west of Great Britain. The Republic of Ireland covers five-sixths of the island; Northern Ireland, which is part of the United Kingdom, is in the north-east. Twenty-six of the 32 counties are in the Republic of Ireland, which has a population of 4.2 million, and its capital is Dublin. The other six counties are in Northern Ireland, which has a population of 1.75 million, and its capital is Belfast. In 1973 both parts of Ireland joined the European Economic Community. This article looks at psychiatry in the Republic of Ireland.

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