scholarly journals Interactive comment on “The Relationship between Low-Level Cloud Amount and Its Proxies over the Globe by Cloud Types” by Jihoon Shin and Sungsu Park

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungsu Park
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Amount ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals The relationship between low-level cloud amount and its proxies over the globe by cloud type

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 3041-3060
Author(s):  
Jihoon Shin ◽  
Sungsu Park
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Amount ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Cloud Type ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Incorrect Diagnosis ◽  
Stratiform Clouds ◽  
Extended Analysis ◽  
Inversion Strength ◽  
Lifting Condensation Level ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. We extend upon previous work to examine the relationship between low-level cloud amount (LCA) and various proxies for LCA – estimated low-level cloud fraction (ELF), lower tropospheric stability (LTS), and estimated inversion strength (EIS) – by low-level cloud type (CL) over the globe using individual surface and upper-air observations. Individual CL has its own distinct environmental structure, and therefore our extended analysis by CL can provide insights into the strengths and weaknesses of various proxies and help to improve them. Overall, ELF performs better than LTS and EIS in diagnosing the variations in LCA among various CLs, indicating that a previously identified superior performance of ELF compared to LTS and EIS as a global proxy for LCA comes from its realistic correlations with various CLs rather than with a specific CL. However, ELF, LTS, and EIS have a problem in diagnosing the changes in LCA when noCL (no low-level cloud) is reported and also when Cu (cumulus) is reported over deserts where background stratus does not exist. This incorrect diagnosis of noCL as a cloudy condition is more clearly seen in the analysis of individual CL frequencies binned by proxy values. If noCL is excluded, ELF, LTS, and EIS have good inter-CL correlations with the amount when present (AWP) of individual CLs. In the future, an advanced ELF needs to be formulated to deal with the decrease in LCA when the inversion base height is lower than the lifting condensation level to diagnose cumulus updraft fraction, as well as the amount of stratiform clouds and detrained cumulus, and to parameterize the scale height as a function of appropriate environmental variables.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Low-Level Cloud Amount and Its Proxies over the Globe by Cloud Types

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihoon Shin ◽  
Sungsu Park
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Amount ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Incorrect Diagnosis ◽  
Stratiform Clouds ◽  
Extended Analysis ◽  
Inversion Strength ◽  
Lifting Condensation Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. We extend upon previous work to examine the relationship between low-level cloud amount (LCA) and various proxies for LCA – estimated low-level cloud fraction (ELF), lower-tropospheric stability (LTS), estimated inversion strength (EIS), and estimated cloud-top entrainment index (ECTEI) – by low-level cloud types (CL) over the globe using individual surface and upper-air observations. Individual CL has its own distinct environmental structure, and therefore our extended analysis by CL can provide insights into the strength and weakness of various proxies and help to improve them. Overall, ELF performs better than LTS/EIS in diagnosing the variations in LCA among various CLs, indicating that a previously identified superior performance of ELF to LTS/EIS as a global proxy for LCA comes from its realistic correlations with various CLs rather than with a specific CL. However, ELF as well as LTS/EIS has a problem in diagnosing the decrease in LCA when CL0 (no low-level cloud) is reported and the increase of LCA when CL12 (cumulus) is reported over the deserts where background stratus does not exist. This incorrect diagnosis of CL0 as a cloudy condition is more clearly seen in the analysis of individual CL frequencies binned by proxy values. If CL0 is excluded, all ELF/LTS/EIS have good inter-CL correlations with the amount-when-present (AWP) of individual CLs. In future, an advanced ELF needs to be formulated to deal with the dissipation of LCA when the inversion base height is lower than the lifting condensation level, to diagnose cumulus updraft fraction as well as the amount of stratiform clouds and detrained cumulus, and to parameterize the scale height as a function of appropriate environmental variables.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND LEADERSHIP QUALITIES IN STUDENTS

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Leadership Traits ◽  
Leadership Qualities ◽  
Organizational Skills ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Technical Students ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

In this article, the main approaches concerning the problem of leadership traits formation as studied in both national and foreign literature are viewed. There are given results of research on leadership traits in students at technical specialties and humanities in the course of their training at a higher education institution in their connection with emotive intellect. The peculiarities of leadership traits in the tested groups with different level of emotive intellect, as well as a connection between leadership traits and emotive intellect are determined. The highest indicators according to the results of the research are demonstrated by a group of students of technical specialties with a high level of emotional intelligence, which indicates the ability to manage their emotions and behavior, the ability to solve problems. They demonstrate a high level of organizational skills, ability to work with a group. Their actions are aimed at achieving goals. The lowest rates according to the results of the study were found in a group of students of humanities with a low level of emotional intelligence. In difficult situations, it is difficult for them to find a way out. They do not know how to control the work of their comrades, to find common ground with people. The relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership skills in students of technical and humanities has been studied. A group of technical students with a high level of emotional intelligence found positive correlations between emotional intelligence and all scales of leadership qualities. There are no correlations between emotional intelligence and leadership qualities in the group of humanities students with a low level of emotional intelligence. In other groups of students, certain correlations have been established between emotional intelligence and leadership qualities.

scholarly journals On the relationship between low cloud variability and lower tropospheric stability in the Southeast Pacific

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 3777-3811
Author(s):  
F. Sun ◽  
A. Hall ◽  
X. Qu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Cloud Amount ◽  
Anthropogenic Climate Change ◽  
Cloud Feedbacks ◽  
Southeast Pacific ◽  
Low Cloud ◽  
Lower Tropospheric Stability ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. In this study, we examine observed marine low cloud variability in the southeast Pacific and its association with lower-tropospheric stability (LTS) across a spectrum of timescales. On both daily and interannual timescales, LTS and low cloud amount are very well correlated in austral summer (DJF). Meanwhile in winter (JJA), when ambient LTS increases, the LTS-low cloud relationship disintegrates. The DJF LTS-low cloud relationship also weakens in years with unusually large ambient LTS values. These are generally strong El Niño years, in which DJF LTS values are comparable to those typically found in JJA. Thus the LTS-low cloud relationship is strongly modulated by the seasonal cycle and the ENSO phenomenon. We also investigate the origin of LTS anomalies closely associated with low cloud variability during austral summer. We find that the ocean and atmosphere are independently involved in generating anomalies in LTS and hence variability in the southeast Pacific low cloud deck. This highlights the coupled nature of the climate system in this region, and raises the possibility of cloud feedbacks related to LTS. We conclude by addressing the implications of the observed LTS-low cloud relationship in the southeast Pacific for low cloud feedbacks in anthropogenic climate change.

scholarly journals The Interdecadal Variations and Causes of the Relationship Between Autumn Precipitation Anomalies in Eastern China and SSTA Over the Southeastern Tropical Indian Ocean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liwei Huo ◽  
Zhaoyong Guan ◽  
Dachao Jin ◽  
Xi Liu ◽  
Xudong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Tropical Indian Ocean ◽  
The Other ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Rainfall Anomalies ◽  
Precipitation Anomalies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Southeastern Tropical Indian Ocean

Abstract Eastern China has a large population with rapid development of the economy, where is the important crop producing region. In this region, the spatial and temporal distribution of autumn rainfall in Eastern China is uneven, which has important societal impact. Using the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis and other observational datasets, it is found that the spatial distribution of the first EOF mode of autumn rainfall anomalies in eastern China is consistent across the region, with significant interannual variabilities. Pronounced interdecadal variations are presented in the relationship between autumn rainfall anomalies in eastern China and sea-surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) over the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean (SETIO). The interdecadal changes have been analyzed by considering two epochs: one during 1979-2004 and the other during 2005-2019. It shows weak and insignificant correlations between the autumn rainfall anomalies in eastern China and SSTA over SETIO during the first epoch. On the other hand, they are remarkable and positively correlated with each other during the second epoch. The inter-decadal changes of the above relationship are related to the warming of SST over SETIO during the second epoch. It causes stronger low-level convergence and ascending motion over SETIO, with the co-occurrence of enhanced western Pacific subtropical high and anomalous abundant moisture over eastern China carried by a low-level southerly anomaly originating from the South China Sea. Simultaneously, the local Hadley circulation over eastern China becomes weak, corresponding to the anomalous ascending motion. The collaboration of anomalous water vapour transport and ascending motion strengthens the connection between the SETIO SSTA and the autumn precipitation anomalies in eastern China, and vice versa. In the boreal autumn of 2019, entire eastern China suffered extreme drought. It suggests that this drought event in eastern China is strongly affected by the negative SSTA over SETIO, which is consistent with the statistical results.

scholarly journals Adherence to Ethical Standards of Scientific Research and its Relation to Creativity in Educational Researches in the light of Some Demographic Variables: Exploratory Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bushra Ismail Ahmed Arnaout
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Simple Regression Analysis ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scientific Degree ◽  
Simple Regression

This study aimed to determine the level of adherence to the research ethical standards and research creativity in psychological and educational studies, and to identify the nature of the relationship between adherence to ethical standards and research creativity, as well as to identify the differences in both adherence to the research ethical standards and research creativity due to (gender, scientific degree, number of publications) variables. The researcher selected a random sample of (142) of the researchers in psychological and educational disciplines. There ages ranged between (26- 57) years. The researcher applied the scale of adherence to the research ethical standards and scale of research creativity, all of these tools prepared by the researcher. The results showed that there was a low level of adherence to the research ethical standards as well as low level of research creativity. Also there was a statistical significant strong positive correlation between adherence to research ethical standards and research creativity (R = 0.945), and also found statistically significant differences (0.01) among the average scores in adherence to the research adherence to ethical standards and research creativity due to gender (in favor of females), Scientific degree (in favor of doctoral and post-doctoral researchers), and the number of published researches (in favor of researchers who published more than 6 research and more who are publish more than Of 10 research). The results of the simple regression analysis also indicated that adherence to the research ethical standards is a statistical and powerful indicator of research creativity. The researcher explained the findings in light of the theoretical framework and previous studies, and developed a number of recommendations.

scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION ABOUT THE PREDICTORS OF VICTIM BEHAVIOR OF YOUNGER SCHOOL CHILDREN

2021 ◽  
pp. 176-184
Author(s):  
Ольга Федоровна Афанасьева
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
The State ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren ◽  
Readiness To Learn ◽  
Complex Preparation ◽  
The Relationship

Рассматриваются аспекты виктимного поведения младших школьников, связанные с готовностью ребенка к обучению в школе, процессом его адаптации и проявлениями состояния тревожности. Обозначены психологические основания комплексной подготовки к школе и последствия низкого уровня готовности. Описываются результаты исследования, направленного на определение взаимосвязи недостаточной готовности к школе и уровня тревожности, которые могут стать причиной проявления отклоняющегося поведения, в частности виктимности. The aspects of victim behavior of primary schoolchildren are considered, which are connected with the child's readiness to learn at school, the process of his adaptation and manifestations of the state of anxiety. The psychological foundations of complex preparation for school and the consequences of a low level of readiness are outlined. The article describes the results of a study aimed at determining the relationship between insufficient readiness for school and the level of anxiety, which can cause the manifestation of deviant behavior, in particular, victimization.

Getting the Spirit of Office Technologies! Does the Internal Organization Environment Support or Constrain?

2011 ◽  
pp. 194-210
Author(s):  
Huub J.M. Ruel
Keyword(s):  
Technology Implementation ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Organizational Environment ◽  
Adaptive Structuration Theory ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Adaptive Structuration ◽  
Work Autonomy ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between Advanced Information Technologies (AIT) and organization is complex. Several theories and approaches try to get grip on this complex relationship. Adaptive Structuration Theory (AST) (DeSanctis and Poole, 1994) is one of them. It introduces the concept of spirit of AIT as an important determinant of AIT appropriation. AIT with a clear, coherent spirit will lead to a high level of AIT appropriation. But what about the role of the internal organizational environment? Does this constrain or support the role of the AIT’s spirit regarding AIT appropriation? This paper presents a study that aims to find an answer to this question. Three hypotheses were formulated and tested in four offices where employees used office technologies. Results confirm that a clear spirit is positively related to the level of appropriation as distinguished by DeSanctis and Poole (1994) and Poole and DeSanctis (1990). The results also make clear that this relationship is more positive among users who experienced a low level of change in the internal organizational environment along with the office technology implementation than among users who experienced a high level of change. Furthermore, the relationship is more positive among users with a low level of work autonomy than among users with a high level of work autonomy. This is not fully in line with our expectations. However, we think an explanation is available. We suppose that the answer lies in the office technology development process. All office technologies in this study’s offices were probably developed without anticipating the changes that office technology implementations might bring about in the internal organizational environment and with the aim to build systems that “reconfirm” the current “restrictive” work procedures. This study’s results once again indicate that office technology and other organizational components are interrelated.

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