scholarly journals The role of the global cryosphere in the fate of organic contaminants

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 16923-17000 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Grannas ◽  
C. Bogdal ◽  
K. J. Hageman ◽  
C. Halsall ◽  
T. Harner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Ice Caps ◽  
Current State ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract. The cryosphere is an important component of global organic contaminant cycles. Snow is an efficient scavenger of atmospheric organic pollutants while a seasonal snowpack, sea ice, glaciers and ice caps are contaminant reservoirs on time scales ranging from days to millennia. Important physical and chemical processes occurring in the various cryospheric compartments impact contaminant cycling and fate. A variety of interactions and feedbacks also occur within the cryospheric system, most of which are susceptible to perturbations due to climate change. In this article, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the transport and processing of organic contaminants in the global cryosphere with an emphasis on the role of a changing climate.

scholarly journals The role of the global cryosphere in the fate of organic contaminants

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3271-3305 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Grannas ◽  
C. Bogdal ◽  
K. J. Hageman ◽  
C. Halsall ◽  
T. Harner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Research Capacity ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Contaminant Fate ◽  
Ice Caps ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Current State ◽  
Contaminant Interactions ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract. The cryosphere is an important component of global organic contaminant cycles. Snow is an efficient scavenger of atmospheric organic pollutants while a seasonal snowpack, sea ice, glaciers and ice caps are contaminant reservoirs on time scales ranging from days to millennia. Important physical and chemical processes occurring in the various cryospheric compartments impact contaminant cycling and fate. A variety of interactions and feedbacks also occur within the cryospheric system, most of which are susceptible to perturbations due to climate change. In this article, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the transport and processing of organic contaminants in the global cryosphere with an emphasis on the role of a changing climate. Given the complexity of contaminant interactions with the cryosphere and limitations on resources and research capacity, interdisciplinary research and extended collaborations are essential to close identified knowledge gaps and to improve our understanding of contaminant fate under a changing climate.

Microbiological Detoxification of Hazardous Organic Contaminants: The Crucial Role of Substrate Interactions

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 403-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Rittmann
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Information Flow ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Energy Flows ◽  
Hazardous Pollutants ◽  
Primary Substrate ◽  
Substrate Types

Microbiological detoxification of hazardous organic pollutants is highly promising, but its reliable implementation requires a sophisticated understanding of several different substrate types and how they interact. This paper carefully defines the substrate types and explains how their interactions affect the bacteria's electron and energy flows, information flow, and degradative activity. For example, primary substrates, which are essential for growth and maintenance of the bacteria, also interact with degradation of specific hazardous pollutants by being inducers, inhibitors, and direct or indirect cosubstrates. The target contaminants, which often are secondary substrates, also have the interactive roles of self-inhibitor, inhibitor of primary-substrate utilization, inducer, and a part of an aggregate primary substrate.

scholarly journals Critical assessment of the current state of scientific knowledge, terminology, and research needs concerning the role of organic aerosols in the atmosphere, climate, and global change

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2017-2038 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fuzzi ◽  
M. O. Andreae ◽  
B. J. Huebert ◽  
M. Kulmala ◽  
T. C. Bond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Aerosols ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Current State ◽  
Basic Set ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Present Understanding ◽  
Key Questions

Abstract. In spite of impressive advances in recent years, our present understanding of organic aerosol (OA) composition, physical and chemical properties, sources and transformation characteristics is still rather limited, and their environmental effects remain highly uncertain. This paper discusses and prioritizes issues related to organic aerosols and their effects on atmospheric processes and climate, providing a basis for future activities in the field. Four main topical areas are addressed: i) sources of OA; ii) formation transformation and removal of OA; iii) physical, chemical and mixing state of OA; iv) atmospheric modelling of OA. Key questions and research priorities regarding these four areas are synthesized in this paper, and outstanding issues for future research are presented for each topical area. In addition, an effort is made to formulate a basic set of consistent and universally applicable terms and definitions for coherent description of atmospheric OA across different scales and disciplines.

scholarly journals The Record Low Bering Sea Ice Extent in 2018: Context, Impacts, and an Assessment of the Role of Anthropogenic Climate Change

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. S53-S58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Thoman ◽  
Uma S. Bhatt ◽  
Peter A. Bieniek ◽  
Brian R. Brettschneider ◽  
Michael Brubaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Bering Sea ◽  
Anthropogenic Climate Change ◽  
Sea Ice Extent

Science and Climate Change Law—The Role of the IPCC in International Decision-Making

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navraj Singh Ghaleigh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United Nations Environment Programme ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Current State ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Scientific Technical ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
Change Climate

This chapter describes the contributions of the scientific community in the development of international climate change law, highlighting in particular the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC’s) assessment and research of the scientific, technical, and socio-economic information relevant for the understanding of the risk of climate change. Since the Panel’s establishment under the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in 1988, it has released several scientific papers that provide a clear scientific view on the current state of knowledge in climate change. The chapter examines the core of the IPCC’s assessment reports, which are divided into three working groups that deal respectively with the ‘Physical Science Basis of Climate Change’, ‘Climate Change Impact, Adaptation and Vulnerability’, and ‘Mitigation of Climate Change’. The IPCC also addresses specific areas, such as renewable energy, disaster management, and climate engineering.

Waterborne Diseases Arising From Climate Change

2019 ◽  
pp. 408-431
Author(s):  
Soraia El Baz ◽  
Kholoud Kahime
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Waterborne Infection ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Precipitation And Temperature

As a result of increased frequency and intensity of heat waves, increased floods and droughts, change in climate will affect biological, physical, and chemical components of water through different paths thus enhancing the risk of waterborne diseases. Identifying the role of weather in waterborne infection is a priority public health research issue as climate change is predicted to increase the frequency of extreme precipitation and temperature events. This chapter provides evidence that precipitation and temperature can affect directly or indirectly water quality and consequently affect the health human. This chapter also highlights the complex relationship between precipitation or temperature and transmission of waterborne disease such as diarrheal disease, gastroenteritis, cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, and cholera.

Changes in Lake Area in the Inner Mongolian Plateau under Climate Change: The Role of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and Arctic Sea Ice

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1335-1349
Author(s):  
Yong Liu ◽  
Huopo Chen ◽  
Guoqing Zhang ◽  
Jianqi Sun ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Mongolian Plateau ◽  
Arctic Sea

AbstractThe lake area in the Inner Mongolian Plateau (IMP) has experienced a rapid reduction in recent decades. Previous studies have highlighted the important role of intensive human activities in IMP lake shrinkage. However, this study found that climate change–induced summer precipitation variations can exert great influences on the IMP lake area variations. The results suggest that the decadal shift in the IMP summer precipitation may be the predominant contributor to lake shrinkage. Further analysis reveals that the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) and Arctic sea ice concentration (SIC) play important roles in the IMP summer precipitation variations. The AMO seems to provide beneficial large-scale circulation fields for the decadal variations in the IMP summer precipitation, and the Arctic SIC decline is favorable for weakening the IMP summer precipitation intensity after the late 1990s. Evidence indicates that the vorticity advection related to the Arctic SIC decline can result in the generation of Rossby wave resources in the midlatitudes. Then, the strengthened wave resources become favorable for enhancing the stationary wave propagation across Eurasia and inducing cyclonic circulation over the Mongolia–Baikal regions, which might bring more rainfall northward and weaken the IMP summer precipitation intensity. Consequently, due to the decreased rainfall and gradual warming after the late 1990s, the lake area in the IMP has experienced a downward trend in recent years.

scholarly journals Arctic Energy Budget in Relation to Sea Ice Variability on Monthly-to-Annual Time Scales

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (16) ◽  
pp. 6335-6350 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Krikken ◽  
W. Hazeleger
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Energy Budget ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Albedo Feedback ◽  
Arctic Sea ◽  
Cloud Ice

Abstract The large decrease in Arctic sea ice in recent years has triggered a strong interest in Arctic sea ice predictions on seasonal-to-decadal time scales. Hence, it is important to understand physical processes that provide enhanced predictability beyond persistence of sea ice anomalies. This study analyzes the natural variability of Arctic sea ice from an energy budget perspective, using 15 climate models from phase 5 of CMIP (CMIP5), and compares these results to reanalysis data. The authors quantify the persistence of sea ice anomalies and the cross correlation with the surface and top-of-atmosphere energy budget components. The Arctic energy balance components primarily indicate the important role of the seasonal ice–albedo feedback, through which sea ice anomalies in the melt season reemerge in the growth season. This is a robust anomaly reemergence mechanism among all 15 climate models. The role of the ocean lies mainly in storing heat content anomalies in spring and releasing them in autumn. Ocean heat flux variations play only a minor role. Confirming a previous (observational) study, the authors demonstrate that there is no direct atmospheric response of clouds to spring sea ice anomalies, but a delayed response is evident in autumn. Hence, there is no cloud–ice feedback in late spring and summer, but there is a cloud–ice feedback in autumn, which strengthens the ice–albedo feedback. Anomalies in insolation are positively correlated with sea ice variability. This is primarily a result of reduced multiple reflection of insolation due to an albedo decrease. This effect counteracts the ice-albedo effect up to 50%. ERA-Interim and Ocean Reanalysis System 4 (ORAS4) confirm the main findings from the climate models.

scholarly journals The peculiarities of breeding and seed growing work and technological methods of sunflower cultivation in relation to climate change (review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (184) ◽  
pp. 71-86
Author(s):  
A.D. Bochkovoy ◽  
◽  
V.A. Kamardin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Current State ◽  
Technological Methods ◽  
Seed Growing

The review provides the information on the current state and prospects of breeding and seed growing work and technological methods of sunflower cultivation in relation to climate change based on the analysis of domestic and foreign sources of scientific literature. We established the important role of observing scientifically based agricultural technologies for obtaining the maximum economic effect when introducing the latest breeding achievements. The article reviews the issues of further improvement of research work related to the increase in sunflower production.

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