scholarly journals Warm season precipitation climatology: first European results

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Levizzani ◽  
R. Ginnetti ◽  
A. G. Laing ◽  
R. E. Carbone
Keyword(s):  
Warm Season ◽  
Propagation Speed ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Precipitation Climatology ◽  
Brightness Temperatures ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Study ◽  
Daily Cycles ◽  
Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts ◽  
Zonal Propagation

Abstract. To date very low scores are associated to quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPF) of warm season precipitation, a fact mostly due to the little knowledge of the mechanisms driving these phenomena. The study aims to produce a five-year climatology (1999–2003) of warm season precipitation systems (MJJA) over Europe using Meteosat IR brightness temperatures as a contribution to a global study launched by the World Weather Research Programme (WWRP). Cold cloud persistence, span and duration of weather systems were determined to derive the zonal propagation speed and daily cycles.

Comparison of Ground-Based Radar and Geosynchronous Satellite Climatologies of Warm-Season Precipitation over the United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 3264-3270 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Tuttle ◽  
Richard E. Carbone ◽  
Phillip A. Arkin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Brightness Temperature ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Propagation Speed ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Brightness Temperatures ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Studies in the past several years have documented the climatology of warm-season precipitation-episode statistics (propagation speed, span, and duration) over the United States using a national composited radar dataset. These climatological studies have recently been extended to other continents, including Asia, Africa, and Australia. However, continental regions outside the United States have insufficient radar coverage, and the newer studies have had to rely on geostationary satellite data at infrared (IR) frequencies as a proxy for rainfall. It is well known that the use of IR brightness temperatures to infer rainfall is subject to large errors. In this study, the statistics of warm-season precipitation episodes derived from radar and satellite IR measurements over the United States are compared and biases introduced by the satellite data are evaluated. It is found that the satellite span and duration statistics are highly dependent upon the brightness temperature threshold used but with the appropriate choices of thresholds can be brought into good agreement with those based upon radar data. The propagation-speed statistics of satellite events are on average ∼4 m s−1 faster than radar events and are relatively insensitive to the brightness temperature threshold. A simple correction procedure based upon the difference between the steering winds for the precipitation core and the winds at the level of maximum anvil outflow is developed.

scholarly journals The new portfolio of global precipitation data products of the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre suitable to assess and quantify the global water cycle and resources

2016 ◽  
Vol 374 ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udo Schneider ◽  
Markus Ziese ◽  
Anja Meyer-Christoffer ◽  
Peter Finger ◽  
Elke Rustemeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Product Portfolio ◽  
Precipitation Climatology ◽  
Global Precipitation Climatology Centre ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Precipitation

Abstract. Precipitation plays an important role in the global energy and water cycle. Accurate knowledge of precipitation amounts reaching the land surface is of special importance for fresh water assessment and management related to land use, agriculture and hydrology, incl. risk reduction of flood and drought. High interest in long-term precipitation analyses arises from the needs to assess climate change and its impacts on all spatial scales. In this framework, the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) has been established in 1989 on request of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). It is operated by Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD, National Meteorological Service of Germany) as a German contribution to the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). This paper provides information on the most recent update of GPCC's gridded data product portfolio including example use cases.

scholarly journals Variability of Warm-Season Cloud Episodes over East Asia Based on GMS Infrared Brightness Temperature Observations

2005 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 1478-1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Chieh Wang ◽  
George Tai-Jen Chen ◽  
Richard E. Carbone
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Brightness Temperature ◽  
Intraseasonal Variability ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Propagation Speed ◽  
Regional Variability ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Geostationary Meteorological Satellite ◽  
Temperature Observations

Abstract The present study has used the Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS) IR brightness temperature observations to investigate the regional and intraseasonal variability of east Asian warm-season cloud/precipitation episodes (in distance–time space) due to land–sea contrast and latitudinal effects. The data period was May–August 1998–2001, and harmonic analysis was employed as the major tool for analysis. The full domain of study (20°–40°N, 95°–145°E) was divided into northern and southern zones, and into eastern and western sectors, and statistics of episodes in each subregion were derived and compared. For latitudinal effects, episodes were found to be significantly larger in span and duration in northern (30°–40°N) than in southern (20°–30°N) zones. In the northern zone, the propagation characteristics were also stronger and remain evident even in midsummer, while episodes south of 30°N reversed in direction and traveled westward in July and August. For land–sea contrast, the May–August transition over land (western sector, 95°–120°E) was mainly characterized by an increase in diurnal activities, while that over ocean (eastern sector, 120°–145°E) was characterized by decreased overall activities instead. Over the land itself, significant regional variability also existed, with strongest diurnal signals over the eastern Tibetan Plateau near 100°E, and increased diurnal activities over mountain areas in southeastern China since June. Between the two bands, near 107°E, semidiurnal signals were relatively strong and became dominant in June. This double-peaked structure in the diurnal cycle resulted from overlying signals of convection propagating eastward off the plateau with those induced locally in late afternoon, and the phenomenon was more evident in May–June. Over the ocean, on the other hand, both diurnal and semidiurnal waves had small amplitudes, and the regional variability was much weaker. For intraseasonal transition, the number of large episodes was reduced from May through July, as was mean propagation speed. In August, however, some larger events started to reappear over east Asia.

'We got the power!' The political potential of street choirs

Soundings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (73) ◽  
pp. 129-143
Author(s):  
Campaign Choirs Writing Collective
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Participatory Action Research ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Emotional Engagement ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
The World ◽  
Oral History Interviews

Song has the power to express a social truth and is consistently employed in actions across the world in solidarity with political struggle. This article discusses the campaigning work of the Campaign Choirs Network, a UK network of radical political choirs, whose story is founded on diverse solidarities and a commitment to singing as a means of emotional engagement and pedagogy. The network has conducted a participatory action research programme, including oral history interviews with 42 members of 11 street choirs, exploring members' life-course activism and their utopian imaginaries. As one aspect of their research, the authors sought to more fully understand the emotions that song and singing release, and the connections that can then be made between people – in order to find out more about the nature of the power of song and the political possibilities of such connections. Drawing extensively on the interviews, this article discusses the political and pedagogic possibilities of the emotions released through singing.

9. Post-positivism in IR

2018 ◽  
pp. 262-284
Author(s):  
Robert Jackson ◽  
Georg Sørensen ◽  
Jørgen Møller
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Value System ◽  
Disadvantaged Group ◽  
A Value ◽  
The World ◽  
Post Colonialism

This chapter examines post-positivist approaches in international relations (IR). Post-positivism rejects any claim of an established truth valid for all. Instead, its focus is on analysing the world from a large variety of political, social, cultural, economic, ethnic, and gendered perspectives. The chapter considers three of the most important issues taken up by post-positivist approaches: post-structuralism, which is concerned with language and discourse; post-colonialism, which adopts a post-structural attitude in order to understand the situation in areas that were conquered by Europe, particularly Africa, Asia, and Latin America; and feminism, which argues that women are a disadvantaged group in the world, in both material terms and in terms of a value system which favours men over women. The chapter concludes with an overview of criticisms against post-positivist approaches and the post-positivist research programme.

scholarly journals The Global Study of Philanthropic Behavior

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamala Wiepking
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Study ◽  
Apparent Evidence

Abstract While there is apparent evidence that individual philanthropic behavior and the motivations for this behavior are at least to some extent universal, there is also evidence that people across the world do not equally display this behavior. In this conceptual article, I explore how we can study philanthropic behaviors from a global perspective. I contend that the macro-level study of philanthropy is underdeveloped, because of three problems intrinsic to the study of global philanthropy: problems with geographical orientation, connotations and definitions. As a first step to overcome these problems, I suggest the use of the term generosity behavior over philanthropic behavior, as this term appears more inclusive of the multitude of definitions and connotations across cultures. I conclude by formulating a collaborative research agenda for a more inclusive study and understanding of global generosity behavior, focused on generating publicly accessible knowledge and informing policy.

General discussion

1983 ◽  
Vol 309 (1508) ◽  
pp. 397-397
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Electrical Engineering ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Scientific Committee ◽  
Climate Research ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
The World ◽  
Scientific Return ◽  
Ocean Studies

E. D. R. Shearman (Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Birmingham, U.K.). We have had comments from a number of speakers on three planned remote-sensing satellites designed for ocean studies, the European ERS-1, the Canadian Radarsat and the Japanese satellite ERTS-1, all scheduled for 1988-90. If the orbits were coordinated, one suggested revisit interval, namely 3 days, for high-resolution observations could be reduced to a 1-day revisit interval. Could anyone tell us whether an attempt is being made internationally to agree on a single revisit cycle and to coordinate the launches so that the maximum benefit is obtained from the overall effort? J. T. Houghton, F.R.S. The various space agencies involved are discussing questions of coordination. Further, the Joint Scientific Committee of the World Climate Research Programme is organizing meetings to try to ensure the best possible scientific return from the various ocean observation satellites that will be flying at the time mentioned.

scholarly journals Evaluation of an Application of Probabilistic Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts for Flood Forecasting

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2860
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Goenner ◽  
Kristie J. Franz ◽  
William A. Gallus Jr ◽  
Brett Roberts
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Probability Of Exceedance ◽  
Soil Moisture Accounting ◽  
Convective Systems ◽  
Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts ◽  
Streamflow Forecasts ◽  
Version 2.0 ◽  
Grid Points

Probabilistic streamflow forecasts using precipitation derived from ensemble-based Probabilistic Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts (PQPFs) are examined. The PQPFs provide rainfall amounts associated with probabilities of exceedance for all grid points, which are averaged to the watershed scale for input to the operational Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting hydrologic model to generate probabilistic streamflow predictions. The technique was tested using both the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh Ensemble (HRRRE) and the High-Resolution Ensemble Forecast version 2.0 (HREF) for 11 river basins across the upper Midwest for 109 cases. The resulting discharges associated with low probability of exceedance values were too large; no events were observed having discharges above the 10% exceedance value predicted from the technique applied to both ensembles, and no events were observed having discharges above the 25% exceedance value from the HREF-based forecast. The large differences are due to using the same precipitation exceedance value at all points; it is unlikely that all watershed points would experience the heavy rainfall associated with the 5% probability of exceedance. The technique likely can be improved through calibration of the basin-average precipitation forecasts based on typical distributions of precipitation within the convective systems that dominate warm-season precipitation events or calibration of the resulting probabilistic discharge forecasts.

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