scholarly journals Spatial heterodyne observations of water (SHOW) from a high-altitude airplane: characterization, performance, and first results

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 431-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery Langille ◽  
Daniel Letros ◽  
Adam Bourassa ◽  
Brian Solheim ◽  
Doug Degenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Spectral Window ◽  
Heterodyne Spectroscopy ◽  
Laboratory Characterization ◽  
First Results

Abstract. The Spatial Heterodyne Observations of Water instrument (SHOW) is a limb-sounding satellite prototype that utilizes the Spatial Heterodyne Spectroscopy (SHS) technique, operating in a limb-viewing configuration, to observe limb-scattered sunlight in a vibrational band of water vapour within a spectral window from 1363 to 1366 nm. The goal is to retrieve high vertical and horizontal resolution measurements of water vapour in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The prototype instrument has been configured for observations from NASA's ER-2 high-altitude airborne remote science airplane. Flying at a maximum altitude of ∼21.34 km with a maximum speed of ∼760 km h−1, the ER-2 provides a stable platform to simulate observations from a low-earth orbit satellite. Demonstration flights were performed from the ER-2 during an observation campaign from 15 to 22 July 2017. In this paper, we present the laboratory characterization work and the level 0 to level 1 processing of flight data that were obtained during an engineering flight performed on 18 July 2017. Water vapour profile retrievals are presented and compared to in situ radiosonde measurements made of the same approximate column of air. These measurements are used to validate the SHOW measurement concept and examine the sensitivity of the technique.

scholarly journals Spatial Heterodyne Observations of Water (SHOW) from a high altitude airplane: Characterization, performance and first results

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery Langille ◽  
Daniel Letros ◽  
Adam Bourassa ◽  
Brian Solheim ◽  
Doug Degenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Spectral Window ◽  
Heterodyne Spectroscopy ◽  
Laboratory Characterization ◽  
First Results

Abstract. The Spatial Heterodyne Observations of Water instrument (SHOW) is a limb-sounding satellite prototype that utilizes the Spatial Heterodyne Spectroscopy Technique (SHS), operating in a limb-viewing configuration, to observe limb-scattered sunlight in a vibrational band of water vapour within a spectral window from 1363 nm to 1366 nm. The goal is to retrieve high vertical and horizontal resolution measurements of water vapour in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The prototype instrument has been configured for observations from NASA’s ER-2 high altitude airborne remote science airplane. Flying at a maximum altitude of ~ 21.34 km with a maximum speed of ~ 760 km/hr, the ER-2 provides a stable platform to simulate observations from a low-earth orbit satellite. Demonstration flights were performed from the ER-2 during an observation campaign from July 15–July 22, 2017. In this paper, we present the laboratory characterization work and the Level 0 to Level 1 processing of flight data that was obtained during an engineering flight performed on July 18th, 2017. Water vapour profile retrievals are presented and compared to in situ radiosonde measurements made of the same approximate column of air. These measurements are used to validate the SHOW measurement concept and examine the sensitivity of the technique.

scholarly journals Validation of stratospheric water vapour measurements from the airborne microwave radiometer AMSOS

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1635-1671 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Müller ◽  
N. Kämpfer ◽  
D. G. Feist ◽  
A. Haefele ◽  
M. Milz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
Microwave Radiometer ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Optimal Estimation ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Vertical Range ◽  
Stratospheric Water Vapour

Abstract. We present the validation of a water vapour dataset obtained by the Airborne Microwave Stratospheric Observing System AMSOS, a passive microwave radiometer operating at 183 GHz. Vertical profiles are retrieved from spectra by an optimal estimation method. The useful vertical range lies in the upper troposphere up to the mesosphere with an altitude resolution of 8 to 16 km and a horizontal resolution of about 57 km. Flight campaigns were performed once a year from 1998 to 2006 measuring the latitudinal distribution of water vapour from the tropics to the polar regions. The obtained profiles show clearly the main features of stratospheric water vapour in all latitudinal regions. Data are validated against a set of instruments comprising satellite, ground-based, airborne remote sensing and in-situ instruments. It appears that AMSOS profiles have a dry bias of 3–20%, when compared to satellite experiments. A good agreement with a difference of 3.3% was found between AMSOS and in-situ hygrosondes FISH and FLASH and an excellent matching of the lidar measurements from the DIAL instrument in the short overlap region in the upper troposphere.

scholarly journals Validation of stratospheric water vapour measurements from the airborne microwave radiometer AMSOS

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 3169-3183 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Müller ◽  
N. Kämpfer ◽  
D. G. Feist ◽  
A. Haefele ◽  
M. Milz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
Microwave Radiometer ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Optimal Estimation ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Vertical Range ◽  
Stratospheric Water Vapour

Abstract. We present the validation of a water vapour dataset obtained by the Airborne Microwave Stratospheric Observing System AMSOS, a passive microwave radiometer operating at 183 GHz. Vertical profiles are retrieved from spectra by an optimal estimation method. The useful vertical range lies in the upper troposphere up to the mesosphere with an altitude resolution of 8 to 16 km and a horizontal resolution of about 57 km. Flight campaigns were performed once a year from 1998 to 2006 measuring the latitudinal distribution of water vapour from the tropics to the polar regions. The obtained profiles show clearly the main features of stratospheric water vapour in all latitudinal regions. Data are validated against a set of instruments comprising satellite, ground-based, airborne remote sensing and in-situ instruments. It appears that AMSOS profiles have a dry bias of 0 to –20%, when compared to satellite experiments. Also a comparison between AMSOS and in-situ hygrosondes FISH and FLASH have been performed. A matching in the short overlap region in the upper troposphere of the lidar measurements from the DIAL instrument and the AMSOS dataset allowed water vapour profiling from the middle troposphere up to the mesosphere.

Dense profiling of UTLS water vapour from low earth orbit using spatial heterodyne spectroscopy: Practical considerations, challenges and solutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery Langille ◽  
Adam Bourassa ◽  
Doug Degenstein ◽  
Nick Lloyd ◽  
Brian Solheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
Heterodyne Spectroscopy

scholarly journals In situ investigation of degradation at organometal halide perovskite surfaces by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at realistic water vapour pressure

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (37) ◽  
pp. 5231-5234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Chun-Ren Ke ◽  
Alex S. Walton ◽  
David J. Lewis ◽  
Aleksander Tedstone ◽  
Paul O'Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Water Vapour Pressure ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
In Situ Investigation ◽  
Organometal Halide Perovskite ◽  
Methylammonium Lead Iodide

Near-ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy enables the study of the reaction of in situ-prepared methylammonium lead iodide (MAPI) perovskite at realistic water vapour pressures for the first time.

In situ ozone measurements within the 1987 Antarctic ozone hole from a high-altitude ER-2 aircraft

1989 ◽  
Vol 94 (D14) ◽  
pp. 16547 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Proffitt ◽  
M. J. Steinkamp ◽  
J. A. Powell ◽  
R. J. McLaughlin ◽  
O. A. Mills ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Ozone Hole ◽  
Antarctic Ozone ◽  
Antarctic Ozone Hole

scholarly journals Lipid biomarkers in Holocene and glacial sediments from ancient Lake Ohrid (Macedonia, Albania)

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 3473-3489 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Holtvoeth ◽  
H. Vogel ◽  
B. Wagner ◽  
G. A. Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Lipid Biomarkers ◽  
Lake Ohrid ◽  
Labile Organic Matter ◽  
Glacial Sediments ◽  
Plant Matter ◽  
Lipid Biomarker ◽  
First Results ◽  
Near Shore

Abstract. Organic matter preserved in Lake Ohrid sediments originates from aquatic and terrestrial sources. Its variable composition reflects climate-controlled changes in the lake basin's hydrology and related organic matter export, i.e. changes in primary productivity, terrestrial plant matter input and soil erosion. Here, we present first results from lipid biomarker investigations of Lake Ohrid sediments from two near-shore settings: site Lz1120 near the southern shore, with low-lying lands nearby and probably influenced by river discharge, and site Co1202 which is close to the steep eastern slopes. Variable proportions of terrestrial n-alkanoic acids and n-alkanols as well as compositional changes of ω-hydroxy acids document differences in soil organic matter supply between the sites and during different climate stages (glacial, Holocene, 8.2 ka cooling event). Changes in the vegetation cover are suggested by changes in the dominant chain length of terrestrial n-alkanols. Effective microbial degradation of labile organic matter and in situ contribution of organic matter derived from the microbes themselves are both evident in the sediments. We found evidence for anoxic conditions within the photic zone by detecting epicholestanol and tetrahymanol from sulphur-oxidising phototrophic bacteria and bacterivorous ciliates and for the influence of a settled human community from the occurrence of coprostanol, a biomarker for human and animal faeces (pigs, sheep, goats), in an early Holocene sample. This study illustrates the potential of lipid biomarkers for future environmental reconstructions using one of Europe's oldest continental climate archives, Lake Ohrid.

scholarly journals Level 2 processing for the imaging Fourier transform spectrometer GLORIA: derivation and validation of temperature and trace gas volume mixing ratios from calibrated dynamics mode spectra

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2473-2489 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ungermann ◽  
J. Blank ◽  
M. Dick ◽  
A. Ebersoldt ◽  
F. Friedl-Vallon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Trace Gas ◽  
Radiative Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Fourier Transform Spectrometer ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Mixing Ratios

Abstract. The Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere (GLORIA) is an airborne infrared limb imager combining a two-dimensional infrared detector with a Fourier transform spectrometer. It was operated aboard the new German Gulfstream G550 High Altitude LOng Range (HALO) research aircraft during the Transport And Composition in the upper Troposphere/lowermost Stratosphere (TACTS) and Earth System Model Validation (ESMVAL) campaigns in summer 2012. This paper describes the retrieval of temperature and trace gas (H2O, O3, HNO3) volume mixing ratios from GLORIA dynamics mode spectra that are spectrally sampled every 0.625 cm−1. A total of 26 integrated spectral windows are employed in a joint fit to retrieve seven targets using consecutively a fast and an accurate tabulated radiative transfer model. Typical diagnostic quantities are provided including effects of uncertainties in the calibration and horizontal resolution along the line of sight. Simultaneous in situ observations by the Basic Halo Measurement and Sensor System (BAHAMAS), the Fast In-situ Stratospheric Hygrometer (FISH), an ozone detector named Fairo, and the Atmospheric chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (AIMS) allow a validation of retrieved values for three flights in the upper troposphere/lowermost stratosphere region spanning polar and sub-tropical latitudes. A high correlation is achieved between the remote sensing and the in situ trace gas data, and discrepancies can to a large extent be attributed to differences in the probed air masses caused by different sampling characteristics of the instruments. This 1-D processing of GLORIA dynamics mode spectra provides the basis for future tomographic inversions from circular and linear flight paths to better understand selected dynamical processes of the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere.

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