scholarly journals Using XCO<sub>2</sub> retrievals for assessing the long-term consistency of NDACC/FTIR data sets

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 10513-10558
Author(s):  
S. Barthlott ◽  
M. Schneider ◽  
F. Hase ◽  
A. Wiegele ◽  
E. Christner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Carbon ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Mauna Loa ◽  
Simple Regression Model ◽  
Good Consistency ◽  
Term Data

Abstract. Within the NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change), more than 20 FTIR (Fourier–Transform InfraRed) spectrometers, spread worldwide, provide long-term data records of many atmospheric trace gases. We present a method that uses measured and modelled XCO2 for assessing the consistency of these data records. Our NDACC XCO2 retrieval setup is kept simple so that it can easily be adopted for any NDACC/FTIR-like measurement made since the late 1950s. By a comparison to coincident TCCON (Total Carbon Column Observing Network) measurements, we empirically demonstrate the useful quality of this NDACC XCO2 product (empirically obtained scatter between TCCON and NDACC is about 4‰ for daily mean as well as monthly mean comparisons and the bias is 25‰). As XCO2 model we developed and used a simple regression model fitted to CarbonTracker results and the Mauna Loa CO2 in-situ records. A comparison to TCCON data suggests an uncertainty of the model for monthly mean data of below 3‰. We apply the method to the NDACC/FTIR spectra that are used within the project MUSICA (MUlti-platform remote Sensing of Isotopologues for investigating the Cycle of Atmospheric water) and demonstrate that there is a good consistency for these globally representative set of spectra measured since 1996: the scatter between the modelled and measured XCO2 on a yearly time scale is only 3‰.

scholarly journals Using XCO<sub>2</sub> retrievals for assessing the long-term consistency of NDACC/FTIR data sets

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1555-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Barthlott ◽  
M. Schneider ◽  
F. Hase ◽  
A. Wiegele ◽  
E. Christner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Carbon ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Mauna Loa ◽  
Simple Regression Model ◽  
Good Consistency ◽  
Term Data

Abstract. Within the NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change), more than 20 FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared) spectrometers, spread worldwide, provide long-term data records of many atmospheric trace gases. We present a method that uses measured and modelled XCO2 for assessing the consistency of these NDACC data records. Our XCO2 retrieval setup is kept simple so that it can easily be adopted for any NDACC/FTIR-like measurement made since the late 1950s. By a comparison to coincident TCCON (Total Carbon Column Observing Network) measurements, we empirically demonstrate the useful quality of this suggested NDACC XCO2 product (empirically obtained scatter between TCCON and NDACC is about 4‰ for daily mean as well as monthly mean comparisons, and the bias is 25‰). Our XCO2 model is a simple regression model fitted to CarbonTracker results and the Mauna Loa CO2 in situ records. A comparison to TCCON data suggests an uncertainty of the model for monthly mean data of below 3‰. We apply the method to the NDACC/FTIR spectra that are used within the project MUSICA (multi-platform remote sensing of isotopologues for investigating the cycle of atmospheric water) and demonstrate that there is a good consistency for these globally representative set of spectra measured since 1996: the scatter between the modelled and measured XCO2 on a yearly time scale is only 3‰.

scholarly journals Remote sensing of water vapour profiles in the framework of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON)

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 3987-4007
Author(s):  
M. Schneider ◽  
E. Sepúlveda ◽  
O. García ◽  
F. Hase ◽  
T. Blumenstock
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Solar Absorption ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
High Measurement ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

Abstract. We show that the near infrared solar absorption spectra recorded in the framework of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) can be used to derive the vertical distribution of tropospheric water vapour. Using spectral H2O signatures in the 4500–4700 cm−1 region one can well distinguish lower from middle/upper tropospheric water vapour concentrations. The vertical resolution is about 3 and 6 km, for the lower and middle/upper troposphere, respectively. We document the quality of the remotely-sensed profiles by comparisons with coincident in-situ Vaisala RS92 radiosonde measurements. The agreement of both techniques is very satisfactory. Due to the long-term strategy of the network and the high measurement frequency, the TCCON water vapour profile data offer novel opportunities for estimating the water vapour variability at different time scales and altitudes.

Trophic Level Relationships in Pelagic Food Webs: Comparisons Derived from Long-Term Data Sets for Oneida Lake, New York (USA), and Lake St. George, Ontario (Canada)

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1588-1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. McQueen ◽  
Edward L. Mills ◽  
John L. Forney ◽  
Mark R. S. Johannes ◽  
John R. Post
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Trophic Level ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Phytoplankton Abundance ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Oneida Lake ◽  
Pelagic Food Webs ◽  
Term Data

We used standardized methods to analyze a 14-yr data set from Oneida Lake and a 10-yr data set from Lake St. George. We estimated mean summer concentrations of several trophic level indicators including piscivores, planktivores, zooplankton, phytoplankton, and total phosphorus, and we then investigated the relationships between these variables. Both data sets yielded similar long-term and short-term trends. The long-term mean annual trends were that (1) the relationships between concentrations of planktivores and zooplankton (including daphnids) were always negative, (2) the relationships between concentrations of zooplankton and various measures of phytoplankton abundance were unpredictable and never statistically significant, and (3) the relationships between total phosphorus and various measures of phytoplankton abundance were always positive. Over short periods, the data from both lakes showed periodic, strong top-down relationships between concentrations of zooplankton (especially large Daphnia) and chlorophyll a, but these events were unpredictable and were seldom related to piscivore abundance.

scholarly journals Survivable hypothermia or torpor in a wild-living rat: rare insights broaden our understanding of endothermic physiology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Nowack ◽  
Christopher Turbill
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Rattus Fuscipes ◽  
Evolutionary Pathways ◽  
Term Data

AbstractMaintaining a high and stable body temperature as observed in endothermic mammals and birds is energetically costly. Thus, it is not surprising that we discover more and more heterothermic species that can reduce their energetic needs during energetic bottlenecks through the use of torpor. However, not all heterothermic animals use torpor on a regular basis. Torpor may also be important to an individual’s probability of survival, and hence fitness, when used infrequently. We here report the observation of a single, ~ 5.5 h long hypothermic bout with a decrease in body temperature by 12 °C in the native Australian bush rat (Rattus fuscipes). Our data suggest that bush rats are able to rewarm from a body temperature of 24 °C, albeit with a rewarming rate lower than that expected on the basis of their body mass. Heterothermy, i.e. the ability to withstand and overcome periods of reduced body temperature, is assumed to be an evolutionarily ancestral (plesiomorphic) trait. We thus argue that such rare hypothermic events in species that otherwise appear to be strictly homeothermic could be heterothermic rudiments, i.e. a less derived form of torpor with limited capacity for rewarming. Importantly, observations of rare and extreme thermoregulatory responses by wild animals are more likely to be discovered with long-term data sets and may not only provide valuable insight about the physiological capability of a population, but can also help us to understand the constraints and evolutionary pathways of different phenologies.

Changes Over Time

2018 ◽  
pp. 283-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Gell ◽  
Marie-Elodie Perga ◽  
C. Max Finlayson
Keyword(s):  
Data Sets ◽  
Lake Ecosystems ◽  
Wetland Ecosystems ◽  
Sediment Layers ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Data

Freshwater systems are continuously shaped by cyclical and directional forces of change, whether they be natural or anthropogenic. Beyond gradual transitions disturbances can reset their internal dynamics generating an abrupt ecological shift. Long-term data sets of gradual or abrupt change can be accessed by exhuming the physical, chemical, and biological remains archived in the sediment layers within lakes and wetlands. Long-term monitoring programmes offer more detailed evidence, usually over shorter time frames. In combination these records attest to the response of wetlands to climate and the impact of industrialised people. Humans have modified lake ecosystems for millennia and the condition of many wetland ecosystems have changed such that they are now regarded as novel. Long-term records provide targets for wetland restoration and can identify the main drivers of degradation. Identification of the character of modern Ramsar wetlands may be enhanced by reference to records of past state.

scholarly journals Methane profiles from GOSAT thermal infrared spectra

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 3815-3828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arno de Lange ◽  
Jochen Landgraf
Keyword(s):  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Thermal Infrared ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Atmospheric Methane ◽  
Infrared Band ◽  
Correction Scheme ◽  
Infrared Measurements

Abstract. This paper discusses the retrieval of atmospheric methane profiles from the thermal infrared band of the Japanese Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) between 1210 and 1310 cm−1, using the RemoTeC analysis software. Approximately one degree of information on the vertical methane distribution is inferred from the measurements, with the main sensitivity at about 9 km altitude but little sensitivity to methane in the lower troposphere. For verification, we compare the GOSAT-TIR methane profile retrieval results with profiles from model fields provided by the Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate (MACC) project, scaled to the total column measurements of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) at ground-based measurement sites. Without any radiometric corrections of GOSAT observations, differences between both data sets can be as large as 10 %. To mitigate these differences, we developed a correction scheme using a principal component analysis of spectral fit residuals and airborne observations of methane during the HIAPER pole-to-pole observations (HIPPO) campaign II and III. When the correction scheme is applied, the bias in the methane profile can be reduced to less than 2 % over the whole altitude range with respect to MACC model methane fields. Furthermore, we show that, with this correction, the retrievals result in smooth methane fields over land and ocean crossings and no differences can be discerned between daytime and nighttime measurements. Finally, a cloud filter is developed for the nighttime and ocean measurements. This filter is rooted in the GOSAT-TIR (thermal infrared) measurements and its performance, in terms of biases, is consistent with the cloud filter based on the GOSAT-SWIR (shortwave infrared) measurements. The TIR filter shows a higher acceptance rate of observations than the SWIR filter, at the cost of a higher uncertainty in the retrieved methane profiles.

scholarly journals An Updated Model Providing Long-Term Data Sets of Energetic Electron Precipitation, Including Zonal Dependence

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 (17) ◽  
pp. 9891-9915 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. van de Kamp ◽  
C. J. Rodger ◽  
A. Seppälä ◽  
M. A. Clilverd ◽  
P. T. Verronen
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Electron ◽  
Electron Precipitation ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Term Data

scholarly journals The 2015–2016 carbon cycle as seen from OCO-2 and the global in situ network

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
pp. 9797-9831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Crowell ◽  
David Baker ◽  
Andrew Schuh ◽  
Sourish Basu ◽  
Andrew R. Jacobson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
New Information ◽  
Global Coverage ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 has been on orbit since 2014, and its global coverage holds the potential to reveal new information about the carbon cycle through the use of top-down atmospheric inversion methods combined with column average CO2 retrievals. We employ a large ensemble of atmospheric inversions utilizing different transport models, data assimilation techniques, and prior flux distributions in order to quantify the satellite-informed fluxes from OCO-2 Version 7r land observations and their uncertainties at continental scales. Additionally, we use in situ measurements to provide a baseline against which to compare the satellite-constrained results. We find that within the ensemble spread, in situ observations, and satellite retrievals constrain a similar global total carbon sink of 3.7±0.5 PgC yr−1, and 1.5±0.6 PgC yr−1 for global land, for the 2015–2016 annual mean. This agreement breaks down in smaller regions, and we discuss the differences between the experiments. Of particular interest is the difference between the different assimilation constraints in the tropics, with the largest differences occurring in tropical Africa, which could be an indication of the global perturbation from the 2015–2016 El Niño. Evaluation of posterior concentrations using TCCON and aircraft observations gives some limited insight into the quality of the different assimilation constraints, but the lack of such data in the tropics inhibits our ability to make strong conclusions there.

Calibration Of Long Term Data Sets From Operational Satellites Using The Space Shuttle

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Hilsenrath ◽  
Donald Williams ◽  
John Frederick
Keyword(s):  
Space Shuttle ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Term Data
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