scholarly journals Karl Rawer’s life and scientific achievements*

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 263-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Reinisch
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Life ◽  
90Th Birthday ◽  
Scientific Achievements

Abstract. This laudation is given in honor of the 90th birthday of Prof. Karl Rawer. The ionosphere was discovered during Karl Rawer’s life, and he has dedicated his life to the exploration of this part of Earth’s environment. The horrible events of world wars I and II shaped his early life, but they also launched his career as one of the eminent geophysical scientists of the twentieth century.

The Location of “Korean” Culture: Ch'oe Chaesŏ and Korean Literature in a Time of Transition

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serk-Bae Suh
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Early Life ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Japanese Empire ◽  
Colonial Korea ◽  
Korean Culture ◽  
Korean Literature ◽  
Cultural Autonomy ◽  
Japanese Colonial

This essay focuses on Ch'oe Chaesŏ, a leading Korean intellectual, active translator of English literary criticism, and editor in chief of Kokumin Bungaku (National Literature), a prominent Japanese-language journal published in colonial Korea. Ch'oe asserted that the unfolding of history in the twentieth century demanded a paradigmatic transition from liberalism to state-centered nationalism in culture. He also privileged everyday life as allowing people to live as members of communities that ultimately are integrated into the state. By positioning Koreans firmly as subjects of the Japanese state, his argument implied that the colonized should be treated on a par with the colonizers. Further, Ch'oe advocated Koreans' cultural autonomy as an ethnic group within the Japanese empire. Tracing Ch'oe's early life and examining his critical essays on nation, culture, and state, the author discusses how his endeavors to establish an autonomous space for Korean culture simultaneously legitimized Japanese colonial control.

scholarly journals Scientific achievements of All-union Research Institute of Bast Crops employees in the field of hemp (1944 -1991)

2019 ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
Svitlana Bazyl
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World War ◽  
Scientific Institution ◽  
Primary Processing ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Scientific Achievements

The article, which is based on the archival documents of the Departmental Archive of the Institute of Bast Crops of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, examines the research activities of the Institute in 1944 - 1991 of the twentieth century in the field of hemp. It was during this period that the newly established scientific institution was able to fully resume its work after World War II and achieve success in the field of breeding, cultivation, processing and harvesting of hemp. During this period, new high-yielding varieties of hemp were bred that did not contain narcotic compounds, the mechanized process of growing and processing industrial and seed crops, as well as the process of primary processing of stems.

Martin Heidegger

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
Anthony Vincent Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Martin Heidegger ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Being And Time ◽  
The Third ◽  
Human And Social Sciences ◽  
The World ◽  
Work Up

Martin Heidegger (1889–1976) is one of the most influential philosophers of the twentieth century. His influence, however, extends beyond philosophy. His account of Dasein, or human existence, permeates the human and social sciences, including nursing, psychiatry, psychology, sociology, anthropology, and artificial intelligence. This chapter outlines Heidegger’s influence on psychiatry and psychology, focusing especially on his relationships with the Swiss psychiatrists Ludwig Binswanger and Medard Boss. The first section outlines Heidegger’s early life and work, up to and including the publication of Being and Time, in which he develops his famous concept of being-in-the-world. The second section focuses on Heidegger’s initial influence on psychiatry via Binswanger’s founding of Daseinsanalysis, a Heideggerian approach to psychopathology and psychotherapy. The third section turns to Heidegger’s relationship with Boss, including Heidegger’s rejection of Binswanger’s Daseinsanalysis and his lectures at Boss’s home in Zollikon, Switzerland.

Barefoot Boston Boy Becomes Movie Man

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. McKenna
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Initial Work ◽  
Jewish Immigrants

This chapter details Levine’s early life, from his birth to his initial work as a film exhibitor, distributor, and promoter. Levine grew up in the horrible poverty of Boston’s West End, and the details of his early life are placed into the historical context of early twentieth-century Boston. As the son of Russian Jewish immigrants, Levine not only experienced poverty but also anti-Semitism, and these experiences helped to shape the man he would become. Levine’s numerous early business ventures are also explored, as are his early days as a movie exhibitor and promoter and the importance of his marriage to Rosalie.

scholarly journals Karl Rawer: space research and international cooperation – Laudation on the occasion of the 100<sup>th</sup> birthday of Professor Karl Rawer

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 221-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Reinisch
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Space Research ◽  
Professional Life ◽  
International Reference Ionosphere ◽  
100Th Birthday ◽  
International Reference ◽  
45Th Anniversary

Abstract. This laudation is given in honor of the 100th birthday of Prof. Karl Rawer which happens to coincide with the 45th anniversary of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI). The ionosphere was discovered during Karl Rawer's lifetime, and he has dedicated his professional life to its exploration. World Wars I and II shaped his early life, but they also launched his career as one of the eminent geophysical scientists of the twentieth century. The paper looks back at Karl Rawer's life and his pioneering work and leadership in advancing and shaping the exploration of the ionosphere.

The Matilda Effect

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Schindler
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Matthew Effect ◽  
Scientific Career ◽  
The Matthew Effect ◽  
History Of ◽  
Distinct Branch ◽  
Scientific Achievements ◽  
Thomas Hunt Morgan

This chapter suggests that the most important factors that diminished Esther Lederberg’s scientific career and legacy were her gender and marriage. The fact that her famous collaborator was also her husband doubled the chances that her own scientific achievements were overshadowed. The chapter goes on to explain how the so-called Matthew and Matilda Effects altered the history of science right at birth of genetics as a distinct branch of biology. As an example of the Matilda Effect, the chapter presents Nettie Stevens whose discovery of the XY sex-determining chromosomes in 1905 and establishment of the two patterns of sex chromosomes in various beetles, flies, and bugs was credited to Edmund Wilson, a better-known scientist. In an example of the Matthew Effect, Thomas Hunt Morgan, the most famous geneticist of the early twentieth century, eventually received most of the credit for discovering sex chromosomes. Finally, the careers and legacies of three other Matildas who worked in the early days of microbial genetics—Martha Chase, Laura Garnjobst, and Daisy Dussoix—are presented.

A Dialectic of Morals—I

1941 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mortimer J. Adler
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Perennial Philosophy ◽  
Scientific Achievements

In St. Thomas and the Gentiles I tried to define the obligations of perennial philosophy in the twentieth century. Philosophy may be perennial, but its work changes according to the cultural conditions in which the philosopher lives and thinks. In its Greek beginnings, philosophy arose out of the dialectical efforts of Plato and Aristotle to clarify and order the welter of opinion. They struggled not only with the sophists to divide the line between knowledge and opinion; but they also moved in the realm of opinion to distinguish the true from the false; and, in their patient consideration of pre-Socratic thought, they both tried, though differently, to convert right opinion into knowledge by making it evident to reason. Although the result of their work was the establishment of philosophy as a body of knowledge, founded on principles and developed by demonstrations, we must not forget that, in their day, the mode of their work was primarily dialectical. In saying this I do not overlook the demonstrative or scientific achievements of Plato and Aristotle; but those must be regarded a secondary, for the first work of pioneers is to stake out the land, to clear away the brush, to prepare the soil, and to dig for firm foundations Only thereafter can a city be planned, buildings raised, and interiors decorated The Platonic dialogues certainly reveal an intellectual pioneer at work; but no less do the so-called “scientific” works of Aristotle, for they are primarily records of exploration and discovery. Rather than orderly expositions of accomplished knowledge, they are, not only in their opening chapters but throughout, dialectical engagement with adversaries, wrestlings with the half-truths of error and opinion in order to set the whole truth forth.

VP01 Effect Of Early Life Socioeconomic Status On Trajectories Of Chinese Elders Health

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 147-147
Author(s):  
Xiaoqian Hu ◽  
Xuemei Zhen ◽  
Hengjin Dong
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
Healthy Longevity

INTRODUCTION:China, with the largest aging population which is fast increasing, faces great challenges. Increasingly, researchers are looking at the relationship between whole life conditions from birth to death and health status in old age using a life-course approach. Few researchers have paid attention to developing countries like China where early life conditions were worse than those in western countries in the early twentieth century. China has had a complex social and political history in the twentieth century. This study investigates trajectories of aging and the effects of childhood and adulthood Socioeconomic Status (SES) encompassing education, job and family condition, on oldest-elders physical health in China.METHODS:The data used in this study was from all seven waves (1998-2014) of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey and covered 6,483 respondents aged 80 to105 years in baseline. Measuring the limitation in activities of daily living represents physical health. Group-based trajectory modeling is used to identify groups of individuals with statistically similar developmental characteristics or trajectories. Multinomial logistic regression is used to compare the differences among trajectory groups.RESULTS:Three-group models best fit the data for males and females. Along with increasing age, there was an increase in the limitation in activities of daily living. Some groups changed gradually, while others rose rapidly. Some childhood and adulthood socioeconomic status characteristics influenced trajectory-group membership. For both genders, group one and two had similar childhood socioeconomic status, while higher adulthood socioeconomic status like jobs were associated with less favorable health status. For group three of males suffering the hardest childhood in regard to education, had stable health status instead.CONCLUSIONS:Diversity exists among aging procedure. Childhood and adulthood socioeconomic status influence health conditions of the oldest-elders in complex ways. Education is a remarkably positive factor significantly contributing to better health status.

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