scholarly journals Variability in runoff fluxes of dissolved and particulate carbon and nitrogen from two watersheds of different tree species during intense storm events

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 5421-5432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi-Hee Lee ◽  
Jean-Lionel Payeur-Poirier ◽  
Ji-Hyung Park ◽  
Egbert Matzner
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Specific Flow ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Intense Storm ◽  
N Fluxes ◽  
C And N

Abstract. Heavy storm events may increase the amount of organic matter in runoff from forested watersheds as well as the relation of dissolved to particulate organic matter. This study evaluated the effects of monsoon storm events on the runoff fluxes and on the composition of dissolved (< 0.45 µm) and particulate (0.7 µm to 1 mm) organic carbon and nitrogen (DOC, DON, POC, PON) in a mixed coniferous/deciduous (mixed watershed) and a deciduous forested watershed (deciduous watershed) in South Korea. During storm events, DOC concentrations in runoff increased with discharge, while DON concentrations remained almost constant. DOC, DON and NO3–N fluxes in runoff increased linearly with discharge pointing to changing flow paths from deeper to upper soil layers at high discharge, whereas nonlinear responses of POC and PON fluxes were observed likely due to the origin of particulate matter from the erosion of mineral soil along the stream benches. The integrated C and N fluxes in runoff over the 2-month study period were in the order of DOC > POC and NO3–N > DON > PON. The integrated DOC fluxes in runoff during the study period were much larger at the deciduous watershed (16 kg C ha−1) than at the mixed watershed (7 kg C ha−1), while the integrated NO3–N fluxes were higher at the mixed watershed (5.2 kg N ha−1) than at the deciduous watershed (2.9 kg N ha−1). The latter suggests a larger N uptake by deciduous trees. Integrated fluxes of POC and PON were similar at both watersheds. The composition of organic matter in soils and runoff indicates that the contribution of near-surface flow to runoff was larger at the deciduous than at the mixed watershed. Our results demonstrate different responses of particulate and dissolved C and N in runoff to storm events as a combined effect of tree species composition and watershed specific flow paths.

scholarly journals Response of dissolved and particulate organic carbon and nitrogen in runoff to monsoon storm events in two watersheds of different tree species composition

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi-Hee Lee ◽  
Jean-Lionel Payeur-Poirier ◽  
Ji-Hyung Park ◽  
Egbert Matzner
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
N Fluxes ◽  
C And N

Abstract. Heavy storm events may increase the amount of organic matter in runoff from forested watersheds as well as the relation of dissolved to particulate organic matter. Little is known about the behaviour of dissolved and particulate organic N and its relations to C. This study evaluated the effects of monsoon storm events on the runoff fluxes and on the quality of dissolved (< 0.45 µm) and particulate (0.7 µm to 1 mm) organic carbon and nitrogen (DOC, DON, POC, PON) in a mixed coniferous/deciduous (mixed watershed) and a deciduous forested watershed (deciduous watershed) in South Korea. During storm events, DOC concentrations in runoff increased with discharge, while DON concentrations were stable. DOC, DON and NO3-N fluxes in runoff increased linearly with discharge, whereas nonlinear responses of POC and PON fluxes were observed. The cumulative C and N fluxes in runoff were in the order; DOC > POC and NO3-N > DON > PON. The cumulative DOC fluxes in runoff during the 2 months study period were much larger at the deciduous watershed (16 kg C ha−1) than at the mixed watershed (7 kg C ha−1), while the cumulative NO3-N fluxes were higher at the mixed watershed (5.2 kg N ha−1) than at the deciduous watershed (2.9 kg N ha−1). Cumulative fluxes of POC and PON were similar at both watersheds. Quality parameters of organic matter in soils and runoff suggested that the contribution of near surface flow to runoff was larger at the deciduous than at the mixed watershed. Our results demonstrate different responses of dissolved C and N in runoff to storm events as a combined effect of tree species composition and watershed-specific flowpaths.

Soil organic carbon and nitrogen sequestration and turnover in aggregates under subtropical leucaena–grass pastures

Soil Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Conrad ◽  
Ram C. Dalal ◽  
Ryosuke Fujinuma ◽  
Neal W. Menzies
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Sequestration ◽  
C And N

Stabilisation and protection of soil organic carbon (SOC) in macroaggregates and microaggregates represents an important mechanism for the sequestration of SOC. Legume-based grass pastures have the potential to contribute to aggregate formation and stabilisation, thereby leading to SOC sequestration. However, there is limited research on the C and N dynamics of soil organic matter (SOM) fractions in deep-rooted legume leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala)–grass pastures. We assessed the potential of leucaena to sequester carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in soil aggregates by estimating the origin, quantity and distribution in the soil profile. We utilised a chronosequence (0–40 years) of seasonally grazed leucaena stands (3–6 m rows), which were sampled to a depth of 0.3 m at 0.1-m intervals. The soil was wet-sieved for different aggregate sizes (large macroaggregates, >2000 µm; small macroaggregates, 250–2000 µm; microaggregates, 53–250 µm; and <53 µm), including occluded particulate organic matter (oPOM) within macroaggregates (>250 µm), and then analysed for organic C, N and δ13C and δ15N. Leucaena promoted aggregation, which increased with the age of the leucaena stands, and in particular the formation of large macroaggregates compared with grass in the upper 0.2 m. Macroaggregates contained a greater SOC stock than microaggregates, principally as a function of the soil mass distribution. The oPOM-C and -N concentrations were highest in macroaggregates at all depths. The acid nonhydrolysable C and N distribution (recalcitrant SOM) provided no clear distinction in stabilisation of SOM between pastures. Leucaena- and possibly other legume-based grass pastures have potential to sequester SOC through stabilisation and protection of oPOM within macroaggregates in soil.

scholarly journals Changes in Organic Matter Deposition Can Impact Benthic Marine Meiofauna in Karst Subterranean Estuaries

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Brankovits ◽  
Shawna N. Little ◽  
Tyler S. Winkler ◽  
Anne E. Tamalavage ◽  
Luis M. Mejía-Ortíz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Terrestrial Organic Matter ◽  
Core Sediment ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Cozumel Island ◽  
Intense Storm ◽  
Terrestrial Environments ◽  
Subterranean Estuaries

Subsurface mixing of seawater and terrestrial-borne meteoric waters on carbonate landscapes creates karst subterranean estuaries, an area of the coastal aquifer with poorly understood carbon cycling, ecosystem functioning, and impact on submarine groundwater discharge. Caves in karst platforms facilitate water and material exchange between the marine and terrestrial environments, and their internal sedimentation patterns document long-term environmental change. Sediment records from a flooded coastal cave in Cozumel Island (Mexico) document decreasing terrestrial organic matter (OM) deposition within the karst subterranean estuary over the last ∼1,000 years, with older sediment likely exported out of the cave by intense storm events. While stable carbon isotopic values (δ13Corg ranging from −22.5 to −27.1‰) and C:N ratios (ranging from 9.9 to 18.9) indicate that mangrove and other terrestrial detritus surrounding an inland sinkhole are the primarily sedimentary OM supply, an upcore decrease in bulk OM and enrichment of δ13Corg values are observed. These patterns suggest that a reduction in the local mangrove habitat decreased the terrestrial particulate OM input to the cave over time. The benthic foraminiferal community in basal core sediment have higher proportions of infaunal taxa (i.e., Bolivina) and Ammonia, and assemblages shift to increased miliolids and less infaunal taxa at the core-top sediment. The combined results suggest that a decrease in terrestrial OM through time had a concomitant impact on benthic meiofaunal habitats, potentially by impacting dissolved oxygen availability at the microhabitat scale or resource partitioning by foraminifera. The evidence presented here indicates that landscape and watershed level changes can impact ecosystem functioning within adjacent subterranean estuaries.

Carbon and nitrogen mineralization in soil treated with chloride and phosphate salts

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Curtin ◽  
H. Steppuhn ◽  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
V. O. Biederbeck
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Inhibition Of Nitrification ◽  
Chloride Sulfate ◽  
C And N ◽  
Phosphate Salts ◽  
The Relationship

This study was undertaken to characterize the response of organic matter mineralization to soluble electrolyte concentration. We added salts (either KCl or KH2PO4) to a non-saline Black Chernozem at rates of 0 to 64 mmol kg−1 and measured the amounts of C and N mineralized in a 40 d incubation (21 °C and field capacity). Precipitation of calcium phosphate in KH2PO4-treated soil resulted in electrical conductivity (EC), measured in a 1:2 soil:water extract, being lower than in KCl-treated soil. Dissolved organic C (DOC) was increased (up to twofold) by KH2PO4 addition but KCl had little effect. The relationship between C mineralization and EC appeared to be independent of salt type. Mineralization decreased sharply (by 50%) when EC increased from 0.5 dS m−1 (check value) to 1.3 dS m−1. Inhibition of nitrification was not detected until EC increased to about 2 dS m–1. Key words: Mineralization, organic matter, salinity, chloride, sulfate

scholarly journals Combinations of Plant Species for Rotation With Onion Crops: Effects on the Light Fraction, Carbon, and Nitrogen Contents in Granulometric Fractions of the Soil Organic Matter

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Lucas Dupont Giumbelli ◽  
Arcângelo Loss ◽  
Claudinei Kurtz ◽  
Álvaro Luiz Mafra ◽  
Marisa De Cássia Piccolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Velvet Bean ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
C And N

The conversion of conventional tillage system (CTS) into no-tillage system (NTS) for onion crops with use of soil cover crops increases carbon and nitrogen contents in the soil aggregates. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of combinations of different plant species and soil management systems using rotation with soil cover crops for onion crops on the light organic matter (LOM), carbon (C), and nitrogen (N) contents in the organic matter granulometric fractions in soil macroaggregates and bulk soil. A nine-year experiment (2007-2016) was conducted using the treatments (T): maize-onion in NTS (T1); soil cover crops (winter)-onion in NTS(T2); maize-winter grasses-onion in NTS (T3); velvet bean-onion in NTS (T4); millet-soil cover crops (winter)-onion in NTS (T5); velvet bean-rye-onion in NTS (T6); maize-onion in CTS (T7); intercropped soil cover crops (summer)-onion in NTS (T8). C and N contents in the LOM, particulate organic C and N (POC and PON), and mineral- associated C and N (MOC and MON) were evaluated in soil macroaggregates (8.0 to 2.0 mm) and bulk soil (<2.0 mm) from the 0–5 cm, 5–10 cm, and 10–20 cm layers. High diversity and combinations of plant species in T2-T6, and T8 resulted in higher POC and MON contents in aggregates, and higher MOC and PON contents in bulk soil, when compared to T1 and T7. T2 was a better option to increase LOM and POC contents in aggregates (0-5 cm). The evaluation of POC (0–5 cm), PON, and MON (0-10 cm) contents in soil aggregates showed more significant differences between the treatments than the contents found in bulk soil. The onion crops under NTS combined with use of rotations with soil cover crops were more efficient to improve the evaluated soil attributes than those under CTS.

Unpacking storm damages on a developed shoreline: Relating dune erosion and urban runoff

Shore & Beach ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Patrick Barrineau ◽  
Timothy Kana
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Dune Erosion ◽  
Groundwater Flux ◽  
Impact Scale ◽  
Cape Hatteras ◽  
Myrtle Beach ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
Elevation Model

Hurricane Matthew (2016) caused significant beach and dune erosion from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, USA, to Cape Canaveral, Florida, USA. At Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, the storm caused beach recession, and much of the southern half of the city’s beaches appeared to be overwashed in post-storm surveys. Around half of the city’s beaches appeared overwashed following the storm; however, the Storm Impact Scale (SIS; Sallenger 2000) applied to a pre-storm elevation model suggests less than 10% of the city’s beaches should have experienced overwash. Spatial analysis of elevation and land cover data reveals dunes that were “overwashed” during Matthew drain from watersheds that are >35% impervious, where those showing only dune recession are <5% impervious. The densely developed downtown of Myrtle Beach sits on a low seaward-sloping terrace. Additionally, indurated strata beneath the downtown area can prevent groundwater from draining during excessive rain events. As a result, the most continuous impervious surface cover and near-surface strata lie within a half-kilometer of the beach and drain directly to the backshore. Along the U.S. Southeast coast, this is somewhat rare; many coastal systems feature a lagoon or low-lying bottomland along their landward border, which facilitates drainage of upland impervious surfaces following storm passage. At Myrtle Beach, all of the stormwater runoff is drained directly to the beach through a series of outfall pipes. Many of the outfall pipes are located along the backshore, near the elevation of storm surge during Matthew. Runoff from Matthew’s heavy rains was observed causing ponding on the landward side of the foredune and scouring around beach access walkways. Based on these observations, the severe dune erosion experienced near downtown Myrtle Beach during Hurricane Matthew may have been caused by runoff and/or groundwater flux rather than overwash. These results highlight an unexpected relationship between upland conditions and dune erosion on a developed shoreline. That is, dune erosion can be caused by mechanisms beside overwash during storm events.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document