Carbon and nitrogen mineralization in soil treated with chloride and phosphate salts

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Curtin ◽  
H. Steppuhn ◽  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
V. O. Biederbeck
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Inhibition Of Nitrification ◽  
Chloride Sulfate ◽  
C And N ◽  
Phosphate Salts ◽  
The Relationship

This study was undertaken to characterize the response of organic matter mineralization to soluble electrolyte concentration. We added salts (either KCl or KH2PO4) to a non-saline Black Chernozem at rates of 0 to 64 mmol kg−1 and measured the amounts of C and N mineralized in a 40 d incubation (21 °C and field capacity). Precipitation of calcium phosphate in KH2PO4-treated soil resulted in electrical conductivity (EC), measured in a 1:2 soil:water extract, being lower than in KCl-treated soil. Dissolved organic C (DOC) was increased (up to twofold) by KH2PO4 addition but KCl had little effect. The relationship between C mineralization and EC appeared to be independent of salt type. Mineralization decreased sharply (by 50%) when EC increased from 0.5 dS m−1 (check value) to 1.3 dS m−1. Inhibition of nitrification was not detected until EC increased to about 2 dS m–1. Key words: Mineralization, organic matter, salinity, chloride, sulfate

Soil organic carbon and nitrogen sequestration and turnover in aggregates under subtropical leucaena–grass pastures

Soil Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Conrad ◽  
Ram C. Dalal ◽  
Ryosuke Fujinuma ◽  
Neal W. Menzies
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Sequestration ◽  
C And N

Stabilisation and protection of soil organic carbon (SOC) in macroaggregates and microaggregates represents an important mechanism for the sequestration of SOC. Legume-based grass pastures have the potential to contribute to aggregate formation and stabilisation, thereby leading to SOC sequestration. However, there is limited research on the C and N dynamics of soil organic matter (SOM) fractions in deep-rooted legume leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala)–grass pastures. We assessed the potential of leucaena to sequester carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in soil aggregates by estimating the origin, quantity and distribution in the soil profile. We utilised a chronosequence (0–40 years) of seasonally grazed leucaena stands (3–6 m rows), which were sampled to a depth of 0.3 m at 0.1-m intervals. The soil was wet-sieved for different aggregate sizes (large macroaggregates, >2000 µm; small macroaggregates, 250–2000 µm; microaggregates, 53–250 µm; and <53 µm), including occluded particulate organic matter (oPOM) within macroaggregates (>250 µm), and then analysed for organic C, N and δ13C and δ15N. Leucaena promoted aggregation, which increased with the age of the leucaena stands, and in particular the formation of large macroaggregates compared with grass in the upper 0.2 m. Macroaggregates contained a greater SOC stock than microaggregates, principally as a function of the soil mass distribution. The oPOM-C and -N concentrations were highest in macroaggregates at all depths. The acid nonhydrolysable C and N distribution (recalcitrant SOM) provided no clear distinction in stabilisation of SOM between pastures. Leucaena- and possibly other legume-based grass pastures have potential to sequester SOC through stabilisation and protection of oPOM within macroaggregates in soil.

scholarly journals Key predictors of soil organic matter vulnerability to mineralization differ with depth at a continental scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler L. Weiglein ◽  
Brian D. Strahm ◽  
Maggie M. Bowman ◽  
Adrian C. Gallo ◽  
Jeff A. Hatten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Climate Feedbacks ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Broad Array ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Boruta Algorithm ◽  
Som Decomposition

AbstractSoil organic matter (SOM) is the largest terrestrial pool of organic carbon, and potential carbon-climate feedbacks involving SOM decomposition could exacerbate anthropogenic climate change. However, our understanding of the controls on SOM mineralization is still incomplete, and as such, our ability to predict carbon-climate feedbacks is limited. To improve our understanding of controls on SOM decomposition, A and upper B horizon soil samples from 26 National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) sites spanning the conterminous U.S. were incubated for 52 weeks under conditions representing site-specific mean summer temperature and sample-specific field capacity (−33 kPa) water potential. Cumulative carbon dioxide respired was periodically measured and normalized by soil organic C content to calculate cumulative specific respiration (CSR), a metric of SOM vulnerability to mineralization. The Boruta algorithm, a feature selection algorithm, was used to select important predictors of CSR from 159 variables. A diverse suite of predictors was selected (12 for A horizons, 7 for B horizons) with predictors falling into three categories corresponding to SOM chemistry, reactive Fe and Al phases, and site moisture availability. The relationship between SOM chemistry predictors and CSR was complex, while sites that had greater concentrations of reactive Fe and Al phases or were wetter had lower CSR. Only three predictors were selected for both horizon types, suggesting dominant controls on SOM decomposition differ by horizon. Our findings contribute to the emerging consensus that a broad array of controls regulates SOM decomposition at large scales and highlight the need to consider changing controls with depth.

Management effects on the dynamics and storage rates of organic matter in long-term crop rotations

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Paul ◽  
H. P. Collins ◽  
K. Paustian ◽  
E. T. Elliott ◽  
S. Frey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Site Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Incubation ◽  
C And N ◽  
A Site ◽  
Management Effects

Factors controlling soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics in soil C sequestration and N fertility were determined from multi-site analysis of long-term, crop rotation experiments in Western Canada. Analyses included bulk density, organic and inorganic C and N, particulate organic C (POM-C) and N (POM -N), and CO2-C evolved during laboratory incubation. The POM-C and POM-N contents varied with soil type. Differences in POM-C contents between treatments at a site (δPOM-C) were related (r2= 0.68) to treatment differences in soil C (δSOC). The CO2-C, evolved during laboratory incubation, was the most sensitive indicator of management effects. The Gray Luvisol (Breton, AB) cultivated plots had a fivefold difference in CO2-C release relative to a twofold difference in soil organic carbon (SOC). Soils from cropped, Black Chernozems (Melfort and Indian Head, SK) and Dark Brown Chernozems (Lethbridge, AB) released 50 to 60% as much CO2-C as grassland soils. Differences in CO2 evolution from the treatment with the lowest SOM on a site and that of other treatments (δCO2-C) in the early stages of the incubation were correlated to δPOM-C and this pool reflects short-term SOC storage. Management for soil fertility, such as N release, may differ from management for C sequestration. Key words: Multi-site analysis, soil management, soil C and N, POM-C and N, CO2 evolution

scholarly journals Isotopic view of vegetation and carbon and nitrogen cycles in a cerrado ecosystem, southeastern Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Della Coletta ◽  
Gabriela Bielefeld Nardoto ◽  
Sabrina Ribeiro Latansio-Aidar ◽  
Humberto Ribeiro da Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Isotopic Signature ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
C And N ◽  
Foliar Δ15n

Carbon and nitrogen biogeochemical cycles in savannas are strongly regulated by the seasonal distribution of precipitation and pulses of nutrients released during the wetting of the dry soil and are critical to the dynamics of microorganisms and vegetation. The objective of this study was to investigate the spatial and temporal variability of C and N isotope ratios as indicators of the cycling of these elements in a cerrado sensu stricto area, within a protected area in a State Park in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The foliar δ13C and δ15N values varied from -33.6 to -24.4 ‰ and -2.5 to 4.5 ‰, respectively. The δ13C values showed a consistent relationship with canopy height, revealing the importance of structure of the canopy over the C isotopic signature of the vegetation. Carbon isotopic variations associated with the length of the dry season indicated the importance of recent fixed C to the integrated isotopic signature of the leaf organic C. The studied Cerrado species showed a depleted foliar δ15N, but a wide range of foliar Nitrogen with no difference among canopy heights. However, seasonal variability was observed, with foliar δ15N values being higher in the transition period between dry and rainy seasons. The variation of the foliar C and N isotope ratios presented here was consistent with highly diverse vegetation with high energy available but low availability of water and N.

scholarly journals Bacterial physiological adaptations to contrasting edaphic conditions identified using landscape scale metagenomics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish A. Malik ◽  
Bruce C. Thomson ◽  
Andrew S. Whiteley ◽  
Mark Bailey ◽  
Robert I. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Gamma Diversity ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Edaphic Conditions ◽  
Acquisition Strategies ◽  
Physiological Adaptations ◽  
Geographically Distributed ◽  
C And N ◽  
Functional Profiles ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractEnvironmental factors relating to soil pH are widely known to be important in structuring soil bacterial communities, yet the relationship between taxonomic community composition and functional diversity remains to be determined. Here, we analyze geographically distributed soils spanning a wide pH gradient and assess the functional gene capacity within those communities using whole genome metagenomics. Low pH soils consistently had fewer taxa (lower alpha and gamma diversity), but only marginal reductions in functional alpha diversity and equivalent functional gamma diversity. However, coherent changes in the relative abundances of annotated genes between pH classes were identified; with functional profiles clustering according to pH independent of geography. Differences in gene abundances were found to reflect survival and nutrient acquisition strategies, with organic-rich acidic soils harboring a greater abundance of cation efflux pumps, C and N direct fixation systems and fermentation pathways indicative of anaerobiosis. Conversely, high pH soils possessed more direct transporter-mediated mechanisms for organic C and N substrate acquisition. These findings show that bacterial functional versatility may not be constrained by taxonomy, and we further identify the range of physiological adaptations required to exist in soils of varying nutrient availability and edaphic conditions.

Free light fraction carbon and nitrogen, a physically uncomplexed soil organic matter distribution within subtropical grass and leucaena–grass pastures

Soil Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 820 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Conrad ◽  
R. C. Dalal ◽  
D. E. Allen ◽  
R. Fujinuma ◽  
Neal W. Menzies
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Light Fraction ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Total N ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Organic C ◽  
C And N

Quantifying the size and turnover of physically uncomplexed soil organic matter (SOM) is crucial for the understanding of nutrient cycling and storage of soil organic carbon (SOC). However, the C and nitrogen (N) dynamics of SOM fractions in leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala)–grass pastures remains unclear. We assessed the potential of leucaena to sequester labile, free light fraction (fLF) C and N in soil by estimating the origin, quantity and vertical distribution of physically unprotected SOM. The soil from a chronosequence of seasonally grazed leucaena stands (0–40 years) was sampled to a depth of 0.2m and soil and fLF were analysed for organic C, N and δ13C and δ15N. On average, the fLF formed 20% of SOC and 14% of total N stocks in the upper 0.1m of soil from leucaena rows and showed a peak of fLF-C and fLF-N stocks in the 22-year-stand. The fLF δ13C and fLF δ15N values indicated that leucaena produced 37% of fLF-C and 28% of fLF-N in the upper 0.1m of soil from leucaena rows. Irrespective of pasture type or soil depth, the majority of fLF-C originated from the accompanying C4 pasture-grass species. This study suggests that fLF-C and fLF-N, the labile SOM, can form a significant portion of total SOM, especially in leucaena–grass pastures.

scholarly journals Carbon stable isotope composition of charophyte organic matter in a small and shallow Spanish water body as a baseline for future trophic studies

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Antonia Rodrigo ◽  
Adriana García ◽  
Allan R. Chivas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Myriophyllum Spicatum ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
C And N

<p>Quantitative descriptions of foodweb structure based on isotope niche space require knowledge of producers’ isotopic signatures. In freshwater ecosystems charophytes are one of the main components of submerged vegetation and the feeding base for many herbivorous consumers, but knowledge about their organic carbon isotopic signatures is sparse. In this study, the δ<sup>13</sup>C organic values (and organic %C and %N) of the four species of submerged macrophytes (three charophytes - <em>Chara hispida</em>, <em>Nitella hyalina</em> and <em>Tolypella glomerata </em>- and one angiosperm, <em>Myriophyllum spicatum</em>) growing in a newly created shallow pond were measured monthly over a period of one year, to discern if i) all charophyte species susceptible to being food for consumers and growing in the same waterbody have the same C isotopic composition; ii) the δ<sup>13</sup>C values of a charophyte species change on a seasonal and spatial scale; iii) the different parts (apical nodes, internodes, rhizoids, reproductive organs, oospores) of a charophyte species have the same isotopic composition. The δ<sup>13</sup>C, %C and %N values of organic matter in the sediments where the plants were rooted were also measured as well as several limnological variables. The δ<sup>13</sup>C values for the angiosperm (-13.7±0.7‰) indicated <sup>13</sup>C-enrichment, whereas the <em>N. hyalina</em> δ<sup>13</sup>C values were the most negative (-22.4±0.7‰). The mean δ<sup>13</sup>C value for <em>C. hispida </em>was -19.0±1.0‰ and -20.7±0.8‰ for <em>T. glomerata.</em> <em>C. hispida</em> δ<sup>13</sup>C values had a significant seasonal variation with <sup>13</sup>C-poor values in the cold season, and slight spatial differences. Statistically significant differences were found between charophyte rhizoids (<sup>13</sup>C-enriched) and the other parts of the thalli. The δ<sup>13</sup>C values in the sediments varied throughout time (-13‰ to -26‰). The C content was lower in the charophytes than in the angiosperm and there were no large differences among the charophytes. Charophyte fructifications were enriched in organic C compared to the thalli parts. The study provides an isotopic baseline for further studies for the elucidation of higher trophic-level relationships which are particularly complex in shallow water bodies where interactions between the pelagic and the benthic zones are intricate.</p>

scholarly journals Variability in runoff fluxes of dissolved and particulate carbon and nitrogen from two watersheds of different tree species during intense storm events

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 5421-5432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi-Hee Lee ◽  
Jean-Lionel Payeur-Poirier ◽  
Ji-Hyung Park ◽  
Egbert Matzner
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Specific Flow ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Intense Storm ◽  
N Fluxes ◽  
C And N

Abstract. Heavy storm events may increase the amount of organic matter in runoff from forested watersheds as well as the relation of dissolved to particulate organic matter. This study evaluated the effects of monsoon storm events on the runoff fluxes and on the composition of dissolved (< 0.45 µm) and particulate (0.7 µm to 1 mm) organic carbon and nitrogen (DOC, DON, POC, PON) in a mixed coniferous/deciduous (mixed watershed) and a deciduous forested watershed (deciduous watershed) in South Korea. During storm events, DOC concentrations in runoff increased with discharge, while DON concentrations remained almost constant. DOC, DON and NO3–N fluxes in runoff increased linearly with discharge pointing to changing flow paths from deeper to upper soil layers at high discharge, whereas nonlinear responses of POC and PON fluxes were observed likely due to the origin of particulate matter from the erosion of mineral soil along the stream benches. The integrated C and N fluxes in runoff over the 2-month study period were in the order of DOC > POC and NO3–N > DON > PON. The integrated DOC fluxes in runoff during the study period were much larger at the deciduous watershed (16 kg C ha−1) than at the mixed watershed (7 kg C ha−1), while the integrated NO3–N fluxes were higher at the mixed watershed (5.2 kg N ha−1) than at the deciduous watershed (2.9 kg N ha−1). The latter suggests a larger N uptake by deciduous trees. Integrated fluxes of POC and PON were similar at both watersheds. The composition of organic matter in soils and runoff indicates that the contribution of near-surface flow to runoff was larger at the deciduous than at the mixed watershed. Our results demonstrate different responses of particulate and dissolved C and N in runoff to storm events as a combined effect of tree species composition and watershed specific flow paths.

scholarly journals PENGARUH BAHAN ORGANIK TERHADAP DAYA IKAT AIR PADA TANAH ULTISOL LAHAN KERING

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-332
Author(s):  
Nikodemus Dongga Panda ◽  
Uska Peku Jawang ◽  
Lusia Danga Lewu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Organic C

Ultisol is one of the soils with limited physical characteristics. The water content is low, the permeability is not enough to pass water into the soil, and the organic-C content is classified as moderate. So that it affects the soil in storing low water, one solution to overcome the physical characteristics of is to provide organic matter into the soil. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical characteristics of Ultisol and to determine the effect of the combination of organic matter from cow dung and rice husk ash on the soil water holding capacity of ultisols on dry land. This study was conducted at the Laboratory of Wira Wacana Christian University, Sumba. This study used a completely randomized design with six treatments and four replications. Observation data were subjected to analysis of variance followed by LSD advanced test with a confidence level of 5%. The results showed that the application of organic matter on the soil significantly affected water content, field capacity, permeability, and C-organic. The application of organic matter can improve soil structure, not soil texture gave a very significant effect, and the treatment that had the best water content was 75% cow dung + 25% rice husk ash.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document