Environmental drivers of soil phosphorus composition in natural ecosystems

Abstract. Soil organic and inorganic phosphorus (P) compounds can be influenced by distinctive environmental properties. This study aims to analyze soil P composition in natural ecosystems, relating organic (inositol hexakisphosphate, DNA and phosphonates) and inorganic (orthophosphate, polyphosphate and pyrophosphate) compounds with major temporal (weathering), edaphic and climatic characteristics. A dataset including 88 sites was assembled from published papers that determined soil P composition using one-dimensional liquid state 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of NaOH-EDTA extracts of soils. Bivariate and multivariate regression models were used to better understand the environmental properties influencing soil P. In bivariate relationships, trends for soil P compounds were similar for mineral and organic layers but with different slopes. Independent and combined effects of weathering, edaphic and climatic properties of ecosystems explained up to 78 % (inositol hexakisphosphates) and 89 % (orthophosphate) of variations in organic and inorganic P compounds across the ecosystems, likely deriving from parent material differences. Soil properties, particularly pH, total carbon, and carbon-to-phosphorus ratios, over climate and weathering mainly explained the P variation. We conclude that edaphic and climatic drivers regulate key ecological processes that determine the soil P composition in natural ecosystems. These processes are related to the source of P inputs, primarily determined by the parent material and soil forming factors, plant and microbe P cycling, the bio-physico-chemical properties governing soil phosphatase activity, soil solid surface specific reactivity, and P losses through leaching, and finally the P persistence induced by the increasing complexity of organic and inorganic P compounds as the pedogenesis evolves. Soil organic and inorganic P compounds respond differently to combinations of environmental drivers, which likely indicates that each P compound has specific factors governing its presence in natural ecosystems.

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Soil phosphorus dynamics on terrestrial natural ecosystems

10.5194/bg-2017-307 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Leonardo Deiss ◽

B. Anibal de Moraes ◽

Vincent Maire

Keyword(s):

Functional Groups ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Inorganic Phosphorus ◽

Parent Material ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Natural Ecosystems ◽

Ecological Processes ◽

Inorganic P ◽

Soil P ◽

Soil Weathering

Abstract. Soil organic and inorganic phosphorus (P) compounds can be modified by distinctive ecosystems properties. This study aims to analyze soil P dynamics on terrestrial natural ecosystems, relating its organic (monoesters, diesters, and phosphonate) and inorganic (orthophosphate, polyphosphate and pyrophosphate) functional groups with important temporal, edaphic and climatic characteristics. A dataset including 88 sites was assembled from published papers that have determined soil P composition by liquid state one-dimensional 31P nuclear magnetic resonance of soils extracted with NaOH EDTA. Bivariate and multivariate regression models were used to enable a comprehensive understanding of soil P dynamics at an unprecedented geographical scale. In bivariate relationships, soil P compounds had overall similar behaviors on mineral and organic layers but with different slopes. Temporal (weathering), edaphic and climatic properties of ecosystems, together explain up to 78 % (diester) and 57 % (orthophosphate) of the variation of organic and inorganic P forms across ecosystems. Soil, particularly pH, total carbon, and carbon-to-phosphorus ratio, over climate and weathering, were the predominant drivers to explain P variation. Only, the diester-to-monoester ratio was controlled by independent and combined effects of soil weathering and soil properties, likely deriving from parent material differences. We conclude that soil organic and inorganic P pools as well as their functional groups composition are determined by distinctive drivers that regulate key ecological processes governing their presence, transformation and persistence on terrestrial natural ecosystems.

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A31P-NMR spectroscopic study of phosphorus forms in two phosphorus-fertilized grassland soils in eastern Canada

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.1139/cjss-2018-0125 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 99 (2) ◽

pp. 161-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dalel Abdi ◽

Barbara J. Cade-Menun ◽

Noura Ziadi ◽

Yichao Shi ◽

Gilles Bélanger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Phosphorus Fertilization ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Organic P ◽

P Fertilization ◽

Eastern Canada ◽

Inorganic P ◽

Soil P ◽

Grassland Production

Phosphorus (P) fertilization can increase grassland production, but will also alter P forms, changing their cycling and potential for loss in runoff. We assessed the effects of mineral P fertilization on soil P forms in timothy swards at two sites in Quebec, Canada. Soil samples (10 cm depth) were collected in autumn 2013 from replicate plots at Lévis on a Kamouraska clay and at Normandin on a Labarre clay loam, each having received three rates of triple superphosphate (0, 20, and 40 kg P ha−1) for 4 yr. These were analyzed for pH, total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP); Mehlich-3-extractable aluminium (AlM3), iron (FeM3), calcium (CaM3), and P (PM3); and31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-NMR) following sodium hydroxide–ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (NaOH–EDTA) extraction. Phosphorus fertilization had no significant effects on soil TC, TN, AlM3, FeM3, CaM3, and pH, but significantly increased TP, NaOH–EDTA-extractable total P and total inorganic P, PM3, orthophosphate, and glucose 6-phosphate at both sites. In contrast, NaOH–EDTA-extractable total organic P, total orthophosphate diesters, and scyllo-inositol hexaphosphate decreased with P fertilization. Phosphorus fertilization over 4 yr increased soluble inorganic P and decreased organic P at both grassland sites.

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Towards a Conceptual Understanding of Groundwater Ecology

European Journal of Sustainable Development ◽

10.14207/ejsd.2012.v1n3p493 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 493

Author(s):

H.O Nwankwoala

Keyword(s):

Conceptual Understanding ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

The Other ◽

Ecological Communities ◽

Groundwater Hydrology ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

Natural Ecosystems ◽

Ecological Processes ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Groundwater Ecology

In recent times, ecohydrology and hydroecology are making a mark on theenvironmental agenda, as evidenced by the proliferation of these terms in theacademic literature. There is an increasing recognition that groundwater is essentialto many ecological communities. Surface ecological processes (such asevapotranspiration) significantly impact hydrological responses and relatedhydrochemical function. Thus, the relation of groundwater hydrology to patternsand processes in ecology is a ‘two-way street’ where understanding the feedback ofone to the other serves as a powerful lens through which to evaluate and explainthe functioning of natural ecosystems. Influxes of groundwater to lakes, rivers, andwetlands can change whole-system physico-chemical properties such astemperature and salinity, while also providing more subtle influences onmicroenvironments and their ecological processes. The recognition of thesignificance and power of this tandem has not always been followed with effectiveinterdisciplinary science. The ecological, hydrological, and physico-chemical linksbetween groundwater, surface water and associated ecosystems are seldom fullyunderstood even though true characterization and wise management will require amultidisciplinary approach. This means biologists need to understand theimportance of magnitude and timing of groundwater flows for their system, whichrequires the skills of hydrogeologists to achieve. Hydrogeologists, in turn, mustunderstand how and why groundwater influences ecological processes so that theirexpertise is brought to bear at a scale commensurate to the ecological researchquestion. In this paper therefore, an overview of general concepts, research effortsand future perspectives are presented. More importantly, the paper asserts that it isnot simply the integration of hydrology and ecology that will determine the futureprospects for ecohydrology/hydroecology, but the way in which this integrativescience is conducted.

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Contributions to the Knowledge of Sandy Soils from Oltenia Plain

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.20.1.7831 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 192-200

Author(s):

Anca-Luiza Stanila ◽

Catalin Cristian Simota ◽

Mihail Dumitru

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Soil Formation ◽

Sandy Soils ◽

Physical Geography ◽

Parent Material ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Small Water ◽

Wind Characteristic ◽

The One ◽

Physical And Chemical

Highlighting the sandy soil of Oltenia Plain calls for a better knowledge of their variability their correlation with major natural factors from each physical geography. Pedogenetic processes specific sandy soils are strongly influenced by nature parent material. This leads, on the one hand, climate aridity of the soil due to strong heating and accumulation of small water reserves, consequences emphasizing the moisture deficit in the development of the vegetation and favoring weak deflation, and on the other hand, an increase in mineralization organic matter. Relief under wind characteristic sandy land, soil formation and distribution has some particularly of flat land with the land formed on the loess. The dune ridges are less evolved soils, profile underdeveloped and poorly supplied with nutrients compared to those on the slopes of the dunes and the interdune, whose physical and chemical properties are more favorable to plant growth.Both Romanati Plain and the Blahnita (Mehedinti) Plain and Bailesti Plain, sand wind shaped covering a finer material, loamy sand and even loess (containing up to 26% clay), also rippled with negative effects in terms of overall drainage. Depending on the pedogenetic physical and geographical factors that have contributed to soil cover, in the researched were identified following classes of soils: protisols, cernisols, cambisols, luvisols, hidrisols and antrosols.Obtaining appropriate agricultural production requires some land improvement works (especially fitting for irrigation) and agropedoameliorative works. Particular attention should be paid to preventing and combating wind erosion.

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Impact of Dursban and Abate on Microbial Numbers and Some Chemical Properties of Standing Ponds

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.1975.006 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 33-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. Butcher ◽

M. Boyer ◽

CD. Fowle

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Active Ingredient ◽

Algal Blooms ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Dissolved Carbon ◽

Photosynthetic Productivity ◽

Dissolved Carbon Dioxide ◽

Microbial Numbers

Abstract Eleven small ponds, lined with polyethylene, were used to assess the consequences of applications of *DursbanR at 0.004, 0.030, 0.100 and 1.000 ppm and AbateR at 0.025 and 0.100 ppm active ingredient. The treated ponds showed a more pronounced long-term increase in pH and dissolved oxygen and decreasing total and dissolved carbon dioxide in comparison with untreated ponds. Algal blooms were of longer duration in treated ponds than in controls. Total photosynthetic productivity was higher in treated ponds but bacterial numbers did not change significantly. Photosynthetic productivity was estimated by following the changes in total carbon dioxide.

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Relationship between phosphorus fractions and properties of highly calcareous soils

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr06118 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 255 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ebrahim Adhami ◽

Hamid Reza Memarian ◽

Farzad Rassaei ◽

Ehsan Mahdavi ◽

Manouchehr Maftoun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcareous Soils ◽

Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride ◽

Inorganic Phosphorus ◽

Influential Factor ◽

Sequential Fractionation ◽

Inorganic P ◽

Soil P ◽

Fractionation Procedure ◽

Extractable P ◽

P Content

Inorganic phosphorus (P) sequential fractionation schemes are applicable techniques to interpret soil P status. The present study was initiated to determine the origin of various P fractions in highly calcareous soils. Inorganic P forms were determined by a sequential fractionation procedure extracting with NaOH (NaOH-P), Na citrate-bicarbonate (CB-P), Na citrate 2 times (C1-P and C2-P), Na citrate-ascorbate (CAs-P), Na citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite (CBD-P), Na acetate (NaAc-P), and HCl (HCl-P). Results showed that NaOH-P was negatively correlated with active iron oxides. CB-P was positively correlated with silt content and negatively related to citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite extractable Fe (Fed). This result illustrates the weathering effect on Ca-P, with Ca-P content declining as a consequence of weathering. A negative correlation was observed between C1-P and citrate ascorbate extractable Fe (FeCAs). Second citrate extractable P (C2-P) was negatively related to calcium carbonate equivalent and positively related to hydroxylamine-hydrochloride and neutral ammonium acetate-hydroquinone extractable Mn (Mnh and Mnq). Fine silt (Fsilt) was the most influential factor affecting CAs-P. It seemed citrate-dithionite-bicarbonate extractable Al (Ald), Mnh, and Mnq have been sinks for CBD-P, while free iron oxide compounds (Feo, Fec, and FeCAs) were a major contributing factor for the formation of NaAc-P. Stable P compounds (HCl-P) of highly calcareous soils originated from coarse silt (Csilt) and hydroxylamine-hydrochloride extractable Mn (Mnh).

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Comprehensive characterization of humic-like substances in smoke PM<sub>2.5</sub> emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and fossil fuels

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-16-13321-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (20) ◽

pp. 13321-13340 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Xingjun Fan ◽

Siye Wei ◽

Mengbo Zhu ◽

Jianzhong Song ◽

Ping'an Peng

Keyword(s):

Coal Combustion ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Atmospheric Environment ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Molar Ratios ◽

Biomass Materials

Abstract. Humic-like substances (HULIS) in smoke fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emitted from the combustion of biomass materials (rice straw, corn straw, and pine branch) and fossil fuels (lignite coal and diesel fuel) were comprehensively studied in this work. The HULIS fractions were first isolated with a one-step solid-phase extraction method, and were then investigated with a series of analytical techniques: elemental analysis, total organic carbon analysis, UV–vis (ultraviolet–visible) spectroscopy, excitation–emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results show that HULIS account for 11.2–23.4 and 5.3 % of PM2.5 emitted from biomass burning (BB) and coal combustion, respectively. In addition, contributions of HULIS-C to total carbon and water-soluble carbon in smoke PM2.5 emitted from BB are 8.0–21.7 and 56.9–66.1 %, respectively. The corresponding contributions in smoke PM2.5 from coal combustion are 5.2 and 45.5 %, respectively. These results suggest that BB and coal combustion are both important sources of HULIS in atmospheric aerosols. However, HULIS in diesel soot only accounted for ∼  0.8 % of the soot particles, suggesting that vehicular exhaust may not be a significant primary source of HULIS. Primary HULIS and atmospheric HULIS display many similar chemical characteristics, as indicated by the instrumental analytical characterization, while some distinct features were also apparent. A high spectral absorbance in the UV–vis spectra, a distinct band at λex∕λem ≈  280∕350 nm in EEM spectra, lower H ∕ C and O ∕ C molar ratios, and a high content of [Ar–H] were observed for primary HULIS. These results suggest that primary HULIS contain more aromatic structures, and have a lower content of aliphatic and oxygen-containing groups than atmospheric HULIS. Among the four primary sources of HULIS, HULIS from BB had the highest O ∕ C molar ratios (0.43–0.54) and [H–C–O] content (10–19 %), indicating that HULIS from this source mainly consisted of carbohydrate- and phenolic-like structures. HULIS from coal combustion had a lower O ∕ C molar ratio (0.27) and a higher content of [Ar–H] (31 %), suggesting that aromatic compounds were extremely abundant in HULIS from this source. Moreover, the absorption Ångström exponents of primary HULIS from BB and coal combustion were 6.7–8.2 and 13.6, respectively. The mass absorption efficiencies of primary HULIS from BB and coal combustion at 365 nm (MAE365) were 0.97–2.09 and 0.63 m2 gC−1, respectively. Noticeably higher MAE365 values for primary HULIS from BB than coal combustion indicate that the former has a stronger contribution to the light-absorbing properties of aerosols in the atmospheric environment.

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Red soils of different origins from southwest Nigeria: Characteristics, classification, and management considerations

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/s96-069 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 77 (2) ◽

pp. 295-307 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

T. A. Okusami ◽

R. H. Rust ◽

A. O. Alao

Keyword(s):

Clay Mineral ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Clay Fraction ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Cropping System ◽

Clay Content ◽

Parent Material ◽

Classification Systems ◽

Biotite Gneiss ◽

Variable Charge

Representative profiles of the Owena, Egbeda, Alagba, and Balogun series were studied. The Owena soil is formed in amphibolite whereas Egbeda and Balogun soils are formed in biotite gneiss derived parent materials. The Alagba soil is formed in sandstone parent rock. The main objectives were to characterize the soils and their clay fraction, and to classify and interpret soil properties for agricultural land use. Most soils exhibit 2.5 YR hues in subsurface horizons. A pedon formed in biotite gneiss has the highest dithionite Fe content and Fed/clay ratio. The relationships between clay content and Fed values vary according to parent material origin and, therefore, would have to be interpreted differently for soil weathering processes. Clay coatings were noticeable in some soil horizons of all pedons studied. Soils are generally medium to slightly acid with sandstone-derived soils being the most acid. The clay mineral suite in all soils is dominated by kaolinite with traces of 2:1 and 2:2 clay minerals, goethite, hematite, anatase, maghemite, and rutile. In addition, some soils contain trace amounts of gibbsite. Kandic horizons have been identified in all soils. The low charge properties of the soils reflect the intensely weathered clay mineral suite. The base status is probably influenced by the cropping system and therefore may tend to unnecessarily differentiate highly weathered soils at the order level. The Egbeda and Balogun series were classified as Rhodic Kandiudults, clayey-skeletal, oxidic and Rhodic Kandiudalfs, clayey-skeletal, oxidic, respectively. Others, Owena, and Alagba series, were classified as Typic Kanhaplohumults, clayey, oxidic and Rhodic Kanhaplustults, fine loamy or clayey, oxidic, respectively. In the FAO-Unesco legend, all soils become Rhodic Ferralsols. In addition, the Owena (with its nitic properties) is further classified as niti-rhodic Ferralsol. The two classification systems are at variance for highly weathered (variable charge property) soils and this difference will definitely influence management decisions depending on which system is used at any particular time. Soil attributes favorable for agricultural use include thick sola and favorable structures. Chemical properties suggest minimal fixation of phosphorus. Key words: Dithionite Fe, kandic, oxidic, variable charge, ferralic, exchangeable Al

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Relationship of soil phosphorus fractions to phosphorus soil tests and fertilizer response

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/s02-079 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 83 (4) ◽

pp. 443-449 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

R. H. McKenzie ◽

E. Bremer

Keyword(s):

Available P ◽

Soil Test ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

P Fractions ◽

Soil Tests ◽

Fertilizer Response ◽

Inorganic P ◽

Soil P ◽

P Fertilizer ◽

Soil Test P

Soil tests for available P may not be accurate because they do not measure the appropriate P fraction in soil. A sequential extraction technique (modified Hedley method) was used to determine if soil test P methods were accurately assessing available pools and if predictions of fertilizer response could be improved by the inclusion of other soil P fractions. A total of 145 soils were analyzed from field P fertilizer experiments conducted across Alberta from 1991 to 1993. Inorganic P (Pi) removed by extraction with an anion-exchange resin (resin P) was highly correlated with the Olsen and Kelowna-type soil test P methods and had a similar relationship with P fertilizer response. No appreciable improvement in the fit of available P with P fertilizer response was achieved by including any of the less available P fractions in the regression of P fertilizer response with available P. Little Pi was extractable in alkaline solutions (bicarbonate and NaOH), particularly in soils from the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones. Alkaline fractions were the most closely related to resin P, but the relationship depended on soil zone. Inorganic P extractable in dilute HCl was most strongly correlated with soil pH, reflecting accumulation in calcareous soils, while Pi extractable in concentrated acids (HCl and H2SO4) was most strongly correlated with clay concentration. A positive but weak relationship as observed between these fractions and resin P. Complete fractionation of soil P confirmed that soil test P methods were assessing exchangeable, plant-available P. Key words: Hedley phosphorus fractionation, resin, Olsen, Kelowna

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FRACTIONATION OF THE HUMUS OF SOME CHERNOZEMIC SOILS OF SOUTHERN ALBERTA

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss64-033 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 232-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J. F. Dormaar

Keyword(s):

Humic Acid ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Black Soil ◽

Parent Material ◽

Glacial Till ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Total Carbon Content ◽

Parent Materials ◽

Southern Alberta ◽

Alcohol Benzene

Two orthic profiles, widely separated geographically, of each of four parent materials—lacustrine, alluvial–lacustrine, glacial till, and Aeolian—were selected at undisturbed sites within each of the Brown, Dark Brown, and Thin Black soil zones. Material from the Ah and Bm horizons was subjected to solvent extraction, and for each sample the total organic carbon of seven different fractions was determined.The efficiency of the procedure in extracting humus carbon decreased as the total carbon content of the soil increased. Total organic matter, the first humic acid fraction, and the combined total of the three humic acid fractions showed significant differences between soil zones. The only significant separation between all four parent materials was made by the alcohol-benzene fraction. Other parent material separations were possible only following the summation of data of several fractions, such as the three humic acid fractions or the two fulvic acid fractions. A simplification of the procedure in case of soils of one Order and a modification to overcome the impeding effect of increased carbon content are requisite.

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