scholarly journals Greenhouse gas emissions from boreal inland waters unchanged after forest harvesting

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (18) ◽  
pp. 5575-5594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Klaus ◽  
Erik Geibrink ◽  
Anders Jonsson ◽  
Ann-Kristin Bergström ◽  
David Bastviken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Inland Waters ◽  
Humic Lakes ◽  
Forestry Practices ◽  
Water Characteristics ◽  
Ghg Fluxes

Abstract. Forestry practices often result in an increased export of carbon and nitrogen to downstream aquatic systems. Although these losses affect the greenhouse gas (GHG) budget of managed forests, it is unknown if they modify GHG emissions of recipient aquatic systems. To assess this question, air–water fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) were quantified for humic lakes and their inlet streams in four boreal catchments using a before-after control-impact experiment. Two catchments were treated with forest clear-cuts followed by site preparation (18 % and 44 % of the catchment area). GHG fluxes and hydrological and physicochemical water characteristics were measured at multiple locations in lakes and streams at high temporal resolution throughout the summer season over a 4-year period. Both lakes and streams evaded all GHGs. The treatment did not significantly change GHG fluxes in streams or lakes within 3 years after the treatment, despite significant increases of CO2 and CH4 concentrations in hillslope groundwater. Our results highlight that GHGs leaching from forest clear-cuts may be buffered in the riparian zone–stream continuum, likely acting as effective biogeochemical processors and wind shelters to prevent additional GHG evasion via downstream inland waters. These findings are representative of low productive forests located in relatively flat landscapes where forestry practices cause only a limited initial impact on catchment hydrology and biogeochemistry.

scholarly journals Greenhouse gas emissions from boreal inland waters unchanged after forest harvesting

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Klaus ◽  
Erik Geibrink ◽  
Anders Jonsson ◽  
Ann-Kristin Bergström ◽  
David Bastviken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Inland Waters ◽  
Humic Lakes ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Forestry Practices ◽  
Water Characteristics ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. Forestry practices generally result in an increased export of carbon and nitrogen to downstream aquatic systems. Although these losses affect the greenhouse gas budget of managed forests, it is unknown if they modify greenhouse gas emissions of recipient aquatic systems. To assess this question, we quantified atmospheric fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) of humic lakes and their inlet streams in four boreal catchments of which two were treated with forest clear-cuts followed by site preparation (18 % and 44 % of the catchment area) using a Before/After-Control/Impact-experiment. We measured atmospheric gas fluxes and hydrological and physicochemical water characteristics in hillslope groundwater, along stream transects and at multiple locations in lakes at 2-hourly to biweekly intervals throughout the summer season over a four year period. We found that the treatment did not significantly change greenhouse gas emissions from streams or lakes within three years of the treatment, despite significant increases of CO2 and CH4 concentrations in hillslope groundwater. Our results highlight the importance of the riparian zone-stream continuum as effective biogeochemical buffers and wind shelters to prevent greenhouse gases leaching from forest clear-cuts and evasion via downstream inland waters. These findings are representative for low productive forests located in relatively flat landscapes where forestry practices cause only a limited initial impact on catchment hydrology and biogeochemistry.

scholarly journals Application of Hydrochar, Digestate, and Synthetic Fertilizer to a Miscanthus x giganteus Crop: Implications for Biomass and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 8953
Author(s):  
Toby Adjuik ◽  
Abbey M. Rodjom ◽  
Kimberley E. Miller ◽  
M. Toufiq M. Reza ◽  
Sarah C. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Miscanthus X Giganteus ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizer ◽  
Ghg Fluxes

Miscanthus x giganteus (miscanthus), a perennial biomass crop, allocates more carbon belowground and typically has lower soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions than conventional feedstock crops, but best practices for nutrient management that maximize yield while minimizing soil GHG emissions are still debated. This study evaluated the effects of four different fertilization treatments (digestate from a biodigester, synthetic fertilizer (urea), hydrochar from the hydrothermal carbonization of digestate, and a control) on soil GHG emissions and biomass yield of an established miscanthus stand grown on abandoned agricultural land. Soil GHG fluxes (including CH4, CO2, and N2O) were sampled in all treatments using the static chamber methodology. Average biomass yield varied from 20.2 Mg ha−1 to 23.5 Mg ha−1, but there were no significant differences among the four treatments (p > 0.05). The hydrochar treatment reduced mean CO2 emissions by 34% compared to the control treatment, but this difference was only statistically significant in one of the two sites tested. Applying digestate to miscanthus resulted in a CH4 efflux from the soil in one of two sites, while soils treated with urea and hydrochar acted as CH4 sinks in both sites. Overall, fertilization did not significantly improve biomass yield, but hydrochar as a soil amendment has potential for reducing soil GHG fluxes.

Supplementary material to "Greenhouse gas emissions from boreal inland waters unchanged after forest harvesting"

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Klaus ◽  
Erik Geibrink ◽  
Anders Jonsson ◽  
Ann-Kristin Bergström ◽  
David Bastviken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Inland Waters ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Supplementary Material

scholarly journals Measuring and mitigating agricultural greenhouse gas production in the US Great Plains, 1870–2000

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (34) ◽  
pp. E4681-E4688 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Parton ◽  
Myron P. Gutmann ◽  
Emily R. Merchant ◽  
Melannie D. Hartman ◽  
Paul R. Adler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Ghg Fluxes

The Great Plains region of the United States is an agricultural production center for the global market and, as such, an important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This article uses historical agricultural census data and ecosystem models to estimate the magnitude of annual GHG fluxes from all agricultural sources (e.g., cropping, livestock raising, irrigation, fertilizer production, tractor use) in the Great Plains from 1870 to 2000. Here, we show that carbon (C) released during the plow-out of native grasslands was the largest source of GHG emissions before 1930, whereas livestock production, direct energy use, and soil nitrous oxide emissions are currently the largest sources. Climatic factors mediate these emissions, with cool and wet weather promoting C sequestration and hot and dry weather increasing GHG release. This analysis demonstrates the long-term ecosystem consequences of both historical and current agricultural activities, but also indicates that adoption of available alternative management practices could substantially mitigate agricultural GHG fluxes, ranging from a 34% reduction with a 25% adoption rate to as much as complete elimination with possible net sequestration of C when a greater proportion of farmers adopt new agricultural practices.

scholarly journals Soil greenhouse gas fluxes from tropical coastal wetlands and alternative agricultural land uses

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 5085-5096
Author(s):  
Naima Iram ◽  
Emad Kavehei ◽  
Damien T. Maher ◽  
Stuart E. Bunn ◽  
Mehran Rezaei Rashti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Coastal Wetlands ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Ghg Mitigation ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Ghg Fluxes

Abstract. Coastal wetlands are essential for regulating the global carbon budget through soil carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas (GHG – CO2, CH4, and N2O) fluxes. The conversion of coastal wetlands to agricultural land alters these fluxes' magnitude and direction (uptake/release). However, the extent and drivers of change of GHG fluxes are still unknown for many tropical regions. We measured soil GHG fluxes from three natural coastal wetlands – mangroves, salt marsh, and freshwater tidal forests – and two alternative agricultural land uses – sugarcane farming and pastures for cattle grazing (ponded and dry conditions). We assessed variations throughout different climatic conditions (dry–cool, dry–hot, and wet–hot) within 2 years of measurements (2018–2020) in tropical Australia. The wet pasture had by far the highest CH4 emissions with 1231±386 mgm-2d-1, which were 200-fold higher than any other site. Dry pastures and sugarcane were the highest emitters of N2O with 55±9 mgm-2d-1 (wet–hot period) and 11±3 mgm-2d-1 (hot-dry period, coinciding with fertilisation), respectively. Dry pastures were also the highest emitters of CO2 with 20±1 gm-2d-1 (wet–hot period). The three coastal wetlands measured had lower emissions, with salt marsh uptake of -0.55±0.23 and -1.19±0.08 gm-2d-1 of N2O and CO2, respectively, during the dry–hot period. During the sampled period, sugarcane and pastures had higher total cumulative soil GHG emissions (CH4+N2O) of 7142 and 56 124 CO2-eqkgha-1yr-1 compared to coastal wetlands with 144 to 884 CO2-eqkgha-1yr-1 (where CO2-eq is CO2 equivalent). Restoring unproductive sugarcane land or pastures (especially ponded ones) to coastal wetlands could provide significant GHG mitigation.

scholarly journals Greenhouse gas emission effect of suspending slash pile burning in Ontario's managed forests

2016 ◽  
Vol 92 (03) ◽  
pp. 345-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Ter-Mikaelian ◽  
Stephen J. Colombo ◽  
Jiaxin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Forestry Practices ◽  
Emission Effect ◽  
Harvest Volume ◽  
Reduce Emissions

Ontario has made a commitment to reduce its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 15, 37, and 80% below 1990 levels by 2020, 2030, and 2050, respectively. Ontario's forest managers can contribute to meeting these targets by implementing changes to forestry practices that either reduce emissions from operations or increase carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems and harvested wood products. We present an analysis of the effects on GHG emissions resulting from suspending the current management practice of slash pile burning (burning harvest residue in the forest without energy recovery). The analysis was performed for each of Ontario's forest management units (FMU) with assumed suspension of slash pile burning for four different periods: 2016–2025, 2016–2050, 2016–2075, and 2016–2100. Annual and cumulative avoided emissions from suspending slash pile burning that would have occurred with current practices were estimated from planned harvest volume and area adjusted to reflect harvesting levels from 1990 to 2009, data on slash pile burning from 2008 to 2013, and emission factors for combustion and decay of wood estimated from the literature. Suspending slash pile burning was estimated to reduce GHG emissions by year 2100 in all four no-burn scenarios, with cumulative GHG emission reductions estimated at -0.7, -4.5, -14.1, and -33.4 Mt CO2eq (million tonnes of CO2 equivalent), respectively. At the same time, suspending slash pile burning for the above-listed four periods resulted in losses of forest area by 2100 estimated at 7200, 24000, 40800, and 57800, respectively. The accuracy of these projections is affected by uncertainty in estimates of several components of the analysis, of which the primary one is the historical rate of slash pile burning. Improvement in measuring and reporting procedures is needed to obtain more reliable estimates of the amount of slash burned.

scholarly journals Herbicide applications increase greenhouse gas emissions of alfalfa pasture in the inland arid region of northwest China

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9231
Author(s):  
Lina Shi ◽  
Yarong Guo ◽  
Jiao Ning ◽  
Shanning Lou ◽  
Fujiang Hou
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Soil Uptake ◽  
Ghg Fluxes

Herbicides are used to control weeds in agricultural crops such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), which is a forage crop. It is unclear what, if any, effect herbicides have on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions when used on alfalfa. Our study was conducted in 2017 and 2018 to investigate the effects of two herbicides (Quizalofop-p-ethyl, QE and Bentazone, BT) on methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from soil planted with alfalfa. QE is used to control grasses and BT is used for broadleaf weed control. Soil CO2 emissions and soil uptake of CH4 increased significantly in both years following the QE and BT treatments, although CO2 emissions differed significantly between the trial years. N2O emissions decreased relative to the control and showed no significant differences between the trial years. The application of QE and BT on alfalfa resulted in a significant increase in CO2 emissions which contributed to a significant increase in GHG emissions. The application of QE influenced GHG emissions more than BT. We demonstrated the potential effect that herbicide applications have on GHG fluxes, which are important when considering the effect of agricultural practices on GHG emissions and the potential for global warming over the next 100 years.

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